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Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar si los profesionales de atención primaria (AP) conocen el Código europeo contra el cáncer (CECC) y si ello se relaciona con que practiquen sus recomendaciones. Diseño: Observacional descriptivo. Emplazamiento: Centros de AP españoles. Participantes: Profesionales de AP. Intervenciones: Cuestionario autoadministrado. Mediciones principales: Factores de riesgo y protectores del cáncer, pruebas de cribado y conocimiento del CECC. Resultados: Respondieron 1.734 profesionales (10,5%), edad media de 48,5 años (DT: 9,2), el 71,5% mujeres. El 50,0% desconoce el CECC; los tutores (OR = 1,61), adscritos al PAPPS (OR = 1,51) y que llevan más tiempo trabajando en AP (OR = 2,62) son los que más lo conocen. El 7,2% fuma y el 79,1% bebe alcohol. El 64,1% presenta normopeso y el 19% realiza actividad física. Evita exponerse al sol el 52,7% y usa protectores el 53,8%. El 85,2% nunca se ha realizado un cribado colorrectal, el 11% nunca una citología y el 12% una mamografía. Existe relación entre conocer el CECC y el tabaquismo (p

Resumen Fundamento y objetivo La litiasis renal es una de las enfermedades urologicas mas importantes. Parece estar relacionada con factores sociodemograficos y climaticos, estilos de vida y comorbilidad preexistente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar la relacion entre variables sociodemograficas, ciertos factores de riesgo y enfermedades cronicas, y la litiasis renal. Pacientes y metodo Se realizo un estudio transversal, seleccionando a poblacion espanola de 40 a 65 anos, combinando 2 muestras aleatorias (PreLiRenA y PreLiRenE). Los datos fueron recogidos por encuestas telefonicas personales, recopilando informacion sobre variables sociodemograficas y la morbilidad percibida. Tambien se recogieron datos sobre las temperaturas medias anuales en cada region espanola. Se realizo un analisis bivariado y multivariado. Resultados Fueron encuestados 4.894 sujetos; el 51,3% eran mujeres; el 25% tenian entre 40 y 45 anos; el 36% tenian educacion primaria y el 31,4% eran de clase social baja. La prevalencia global de litiasis renal fue del 15,0% (intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%] 14,5-15,5). Por medio del analisis multivariado, las variables que mostraron una fuerte relacion estadistica con la presencia de litiasis renal fueron: edad avanzada (61-65 anos, OR = 1,39; IC 95% 1,06-1,8), clase social alta (OR = 1,98; IC 95% 1,29-2,62), antecedentes familiares de litiasis renal (OR = 2,22; IC 95% 1,88-2,65), hipertension arterial (OR = 1,68; IC 95% 1,39-2,02) y sobrepeso/obesidad (OR = 1,31; IC 95% 1,12-1,54). Se observo una correlacion entre la litiasis renal y las temperaturas medias anuales en las regiones espanolas (r = 0,59; p = 0,013). Conclusiones Existe relacion entre litiasis renal y edad avanzada, pertenecer a clases sociales altas, existencia de antecedentes familiares de urolitiasis, y tener hipertension y sobrepeso/obesidad. La prevalencia de la litiasis renal es mayor en las zonas climaticas mas calidas.

Health professionals and students in training are key for early diagnosis of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the awareness of Family Medicine (FM) residents and Medicine and Nursing undergraduate students in Spain regarding the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC). This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and multicenter study. Location: Teaching Units of FM of Cordoba and Ceuta and Schools of Medicine and Nursing of the Universities of Cordoba and Francisco de Vitoria of Madrid (Spain). Participants: residents of FM and Medicine and Nursing undergraduate Spanish students. Intervention: self-administered questionnaire to assess the awareness about the ECAC. A total of 651 subjects participated (52.4% [95% CI 48.5–56.2] Nursing students, 34% [95% CI 30.3–37.6] Medicine students, and 13.6% [95% CI 11.0–16.3] FM residents). Of the total subjects participated, 74.8% were women. Mean age: 22.34 years (standard deviation, 4.68; range, 18–52; 95% CI, 21.98–22.70). A total of 76.8% (95% CI 73.5–80.1) declared to be unaware of the ECAC. Those referring to be aware of the ECAC mainly knew it through degree subjects (7.5% [95% CI 5.5.5–9.6]). Residents of FM (p

Resumen Fundamento y objetivo La urolitiasis constituye una afeccion frecuente, cuya prevalencia se ha incrementado a nivel mundial. En Andalucia (Espana) el estudio PreLiRenA mostro una elevada prevalencia (16,4%; intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%] 14,8-17,8) en poblacion de 40 a 65 anos, lo cual nos hizo cuestionarnos cual seria la situacion a nivel nacional. El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia de urolitiasis en la poblacion espanola de entre 40 y 65 anos. Pacientes y metodo Estudio observacional, transversal, mediante muestreo estratificado segun las regiones del pais, sexo y edad. Se realizaron un total de 2.444 entrevistas telefonicas mediante un cuestionario que incluia variables sociodemograficas y clinicas. Se realizo una estadistica descriptiva y bivariada, calculando las ratios de prevalencia (RP) con IC 95%. Resultados De los 2.444 sujetos entrevistados, el 51,2% (n = 1.251) eran mujeres. La prevalencia de urolitiasis fue del 14,6% (IC 95% 13,1-15,9), y la incidencia, del 2,9% (IC 95% 2,2-3,6). Se observaron diferencias significativas respecto a la edad, con una mayor prevalencia en pacientes de 46-50 anos (RP 1,58; IC 95% 1,12-2,21; p Conclusiones Se observa una elevada prevalencia de urolitiasis entre la poblacion espanola de 40 a 65 anos, sobre todo entre los sujetos de clase social superior y mediana edad, asi como una alta tasa de recurrencia.

Background: Family medicine (FM) residents and medical and nursing students play an important role in the development of preventive and health-promoting activities. Objective: To evaluate the health-related lifestyles and cancer-preventive behaviors of medical and nursing students and FM residents in relation to the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC). Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study performed in Spain. Medical and nursing students, and FM residents completed a self-administered questionnaire focused on health-related habits and clinical behaviors related to the ECAC. Results: A total of 740 participants completed the questionnaire. 12.2% (95% CI [9.8–14.5]) were smokers and 77.3% (95% CI [74.3–80.3]) sporadically consumed alcohol; 34.2% (95% CI [30.8–37.6]) practiced physical activity 2–3 times a week, and 12.1% (95% CI [9.8–14.5]) were overweight or obese. 54.2% (95% CI [50.6–57.8]) regularly consumed vegetables. Differences were detected in the completion of screening tests for colorectal cancer (p < 0.001), breast cancer (p = 0.023), cervical cancer (p = 0.006), and prostate-specific antigen determination (p < 0.001) in relation to the participants’ academic profiles. Conclusion: Our results reveal heterogeneous practices between the participants in terms of health-related habits. Awareness about the risks of smoking and being overweight were high, however, the perception of the risks associated with solar exposure and alcohol consumption was poor. There was general agreement upon the importance of performing screening tests for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, but there were discrepancies related to the need to perform the prostate cancer screening test. pre-print 322 KB

Renal lithiasis is one of the most important urological diseases. It seems to be related to different socio-demographic and climatic factors, lifestyle and pre-existing comorbidity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between socio-demographic variables, certain risk factors and chronic diseases and the renal lithiasis.A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out, selecting the Spanish population aged from 40 to 65 years, combining 2 random samples (PreLiRenA and PreLiRenE studies). Data were collected by personal telephone surveys, gathering information on socio-demographic variables and perceived morbidity. Data on annual average temperatures in each Spanish region were also collected. A bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed.A total of 4,894 subjects were surveyed; 51.3% were women; 25% were aged 40-45 years, 36% had primary school education and 31.4% were of low social class. The overall prevalence of renal lithiasis was 15.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 14.5-15.5). By means of multivariate analysis, the variables that showed a strong statistical relationship with the presence of renal lithiasis were: older age (61-65 years; OR=1.39; 95% CI 1.06-1.80), high social class (OR=1.98; 95% CI 1.29-2.62), family history of renal lithiasis (OR=2.22; 95% CI 1.88-2.65), high blood pressure (OR=1.68; 95% CI 1.39-2.02) and overweight/obesity (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.12-1.54). A correlation was observed between renal lithiasis and average annual temperatures in the Spanish regions (r=0.59; P=.013).A relationship was observed between renal lithiasis and older age, belonging to higher social classes, the existence of a family history of urolithiasis, and hypertension and overweight or obesity. The prevalence of renal lithiasis is greater in warmer climate zones.

Urolithiasis is a common urologic condition with increasing incidence in the population worldwide. In Andalusia (Spain), the PreLiRenA study showed a high prevalence (16.4%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 14.8-17.8) of this condition in population aged between 40 and 65 years. The interesting results reported in that study encouraged us to further investigate the magnitude of this condition at a national level. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of urolithiasis in the Spanish population aged between 40 and 65 years.This is an observational, cross-sectional, prevalence, stratified sampling study by Spanish region, sex and age. A total of 2,444 telephone interviews were conducted using a questionnaire that covered several sociodemographic and clinical variables. Bivariate, descriptive statistical study was performed. The prevalence ratio (PR) with the 95% CI was calculated.Of the 2,444 subjects interviewed, 51.2% (n=1,251) were women. The prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis were 14.6% (95% CI 13.1-15.9) and 2.9% (95% CI 2.2-3.6), respectively. Significant differences were found by age, with a higher prevalence in 46-50 years (PR 1.58; 95% CI 1.12-2.21; P.001) and 61-65 years (PR 1.47; 95% CI 1.02-2.13), and upper-class subjects (PR 1.75; 95% CI 1.07-2.86; P.024). Of respondents, 52.8% had experienced more than one episode of urolithiasis. A total of 46.9% passed the calculus spontaneously, and 51.1% were diagnosed in the Emergency Unit.The prevalence of urolithiasis in the Spanish population aged between 40 and 65 years is high; especially among upper-class subjects and in middle-aged. A high recurrence rate is also observed.