1. Emergence of Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses during Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak, Guinea, 2014–2015
- Author
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Ousmane Faye, Manasi Majumdar, Maria Dolores Fernandez-Garcia, Moussa Kone, Kader Ndiaye, Aichatou D. Fall, Wayne Howard, Mohamed Salif Sylla, Moustapha Dabo, Djenou Sompare, Ousmane Kebe, Mouctar Kande, and Javier Martin
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Epidemiology ,viruses ,Emergence of Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses during Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak, Guinea, 2014–2015 ,lcsh:Medicine ,Global Health ,medicine.disease_cause ,Disease Outbreaks ,Feces ,Global health ,Phylogeny ,health care economics and organizations ,Transmission (medicine) ,Vaccination ,virus diseases ,vaccines ,Poliomyelitis ,Poliovirus ,Infectious Diseases ,Public Health ,Microbiology (medical) ,Context (language use) ,Genome, Viral ,complex mixtures ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Immunocompromised Host ,Viral Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Ebola virus ,Base Sequence ,business.industry ,Research ,lcsh:R ,Outbreak ,Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Polio Vaccination ,030104 developmental biology ,Amino Acid Substitution ,Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral ,Guinea ,vaccine-derived poliovirus ,business ,Ebola outbreak ,acute flaccid paralysis - Abstract
During the 2014-2015 outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Guinea, 13 type 2 circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) were isolated from 6 polio patients and 7 healthy contacts. To clarify the genetic properties of cVDPVs and their emergence, we combined epidemiologic and virologic data for polio cases in Guinea. Deviation of public health resources to the Ebola outbreak disrupted polio vaccination programs and surveillance activities, which fueled the spread of neurovirulent VDPVs in an area of low vaccination coverage and immunity. Genetic properties of cVDPVs were consistent with their capacity to cause paralytic disease in humans and capacity for sustained person-to-person transmission. Circulation ceased when coverage of oral polio vaccine increased. A polio outbreak in the context of the Ebola virus disease outbreak highlights the need to consider risks for polio emergence and spread during complex emergencies and urges awareness of the challenges in polio surveillance, vaccination, and diagnosis.
- Published
- 2018