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Andrea Guala, Karol Calò, Umberto Morbiducci, Luca Ridolfi, Stefania Scarsoglio, José F. Rodríguez Palomares, Diego Gallo, Institut Català de la Salut, [Calò K, Gallo D, Scarsoglio S, Ridolfi L] PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy. [Guala A] Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Rodriguez Palomares J] Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Servei de Cardiologia, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Mariana F. Fernández, Fernando Gil, Antonio Mundo, Pablo Olmedo, Vicente Mustieles, Shereen Cynthia D'Cruz, Carmen Freire, Marina Molina, Louis Legoff, Andrea Rodríguez-Carrillo, Iris Reina-Pérez, Arthur David, Fatima Smagulova, Universidad de Granada (UGR), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIEuropean Commission [PT17/0019], ERDFEuropean Commission, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program HBM4EU [733032], ISCIIIInstituto de Salud Carlos III [CP16/00085, FIS 17/01526, FIS-PI16/01820, FIS-PI16/01858], University of Granada, Biomedical Research Networking Center-CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Spanish Ministry of EducationSpanish Government [FPU 16/03011], Miguel Servet Type I program of the ISCIII 'Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional' (ISCIII/FEDER) [MS16/00085], Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Département des sciences en santé environnementale (DEESSE), This research would not have been achieved without the selfless collaboration of the INMA-Granada adolescents and families who took part in the study. The authors also acknowledge the Human Genotyping Laboratory at the Spanish National Cancer Research Center, CeGen-PRB3, which is supported by grant no. PT17/0019, of the PE I+D+i 2013–2016, funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and ERDF. They thank the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program HBM4EU for financial support under Grant Agreement No. 733032. The study was also supported by the ISCIII with grant no. CP16/00085. The authors also acknowledge the funding received from the University of Granada for the open access publishing costs and the support of the Biomedical Research Networking Center-CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), and the ISCIII (FIS 17/01526, FIS-PI16/01820 and FIS-PI16/01858). Vicente Mustieles and Shereen Cynthia D'Cruz were under contract with the HBM4EU project. A. Rodríguez-Carrillo received a predoctoral fellowship (FPU 16/03011) from the Spanish Ministry of Education and C. Freire (grant no. MS16/00085) received a grant under the Miguel Servet Type I program of the ISCIII ‘‘Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional’’ (ISCIII/FEDER)., European Project: 733032,H2020,HBM4EU(2017), Chard-Hutchinson, Xavier, and European Human Biomonitoring Initiative - HBM4EU - - H20202017-01-01 - 2021-12-31 - 733032 - VALID

Josep Vidal, Jose M. Ordovas, José Alfredo Martínez, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez, Estefanía Toledo, Nerea Becerra-Tomás, Dolores Corella, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, Jessica Vaquero-Luna, María Concepción Barceló-Iglesias, Beatriz Pérez-Sanz, Antonio García Ríos, María Julia Ajejas Bazán, Ramon Estruch, Vicente Martín Sánchez, Rodrigo San-Cristobal, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Xavier Pintó, Dora Romaguera, Jesús Vioque, José J. Gaforio, Pilar Matía-Martín, Lluis Serra-Majem, Itziar Abete, Camille Lassale, Júlia Muñoz-Martínez, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Stephanie K. Nishi, José Lapetra, Lidia Daimiel, Anai Moreno-Rodriguez, Clotilde Vázquez, José V. Sorlí, Celia Martinez-Perez, José Manuel Santos-Lozano, Maira Bes-Rastrollo, Julia Wärnberg, Emilio Ros, María Rosa Bernal-López, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Nancy Babio, Oscar Lecea-Juarez, María Dolores Zomeño, Olga Castañer, Josep A. Tur, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Francisco J. Tinahones, Olga Portolés, Jadwiga Konieczna, [Martinez-Perez,C, Ordovás,JM, Daimiel,L] Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain. [San-Cristobal,R, Martinez, JA] Cardiometabolic Nutrition Group, Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain. [Guallar-Castillon,P] Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain. [Guallar-Castillon,P] Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid—IdiPaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain. [Guallar-Castillon,P, Vioque,J, Bueno-Cavanillas,A, Martín Sánchez,V, Gaforio,JJ] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. [Guallar-Castillon,P] Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA. [Martínez-González,MA, Salas-Salvadó,J, Corella,D, Castañer,O, Martinez,JA, Alonso-Gómez,AM, Wärnberg,J, Romaguera,D, López-Miranda,J, Estruch,R, Tinahones,FJ, Lapetra,J, Serra-Majem,L, Tur,JA, Pintó,X, Vázquez,C, Ros,E, Bes-Rastrollo,M, Babio,N, Sorlí,JV, Lassale,C, Vaquero-Luna,J, Konieczna,J, García Ríos,A, Santos-Lozano,JM, Toledo,E, Becerra-Tomás,N, Portoles,O, Abete,I, Moreno-Rodriguez,A] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Martínez-González,MA, Toledo,E] Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain. [Martínez-González,MA] Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. [Salas-Salvadó,J, Becerra-Tomás,T, Nishi,SK] Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. [Salas-Salvadó,J, Becerra-Tomás,N] Human Nutrition Unit, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain. [Corella,D, Portoles,O] Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. [Castañer,O, Zomeño,MD, Muñoz-Martínez,J] Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain. [Martinez,JA, Pérez-Sanz,B, Abete,I] Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. [Alonso-Gómez,AM, Moreno-Rodriguez,A] Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. [Wärnberg, Ajejas Bazán,MJ] Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga. [Vioque,J] Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL-UMH), Alicante, Spain. [Romaguera,D, Konieczna,J] Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), Palma de Mallorca, Spain. [López-Miranda,J, García Ríos,A] Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain. [Estruch,R] Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Tinahones,FJ] Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [Lapetra,J, Santos-Lozano,JM] Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain. [Serra-Majem,L] Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Service of Preventive Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canary Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. [Bueno-Cavanillas,A] Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. [Tur,JA] Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. [Martín Sánchez,V] Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain. [Pintó,X] Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. [Gaforio,JJ] Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Olivar y Aceites de Oliva, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain. [Matía-Martín,P] Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain. [Vidal,J] Biomedical Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Network (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Vidal,J, Ros,E] Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Vázquez,C] Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD, University Autónoma, Madrid, Spain. [Ajejas Bazán,MJ] Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Barceló-Iglesias,MC] Centro Salud Cabo Huertas, Alicante, Spain. [Bernal-López,MR] Internal Medicine Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain. [Zomeño,MD] School of Health Sciences, Blanquerna-Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain. [Lecea-Juarez,O] Atención Primaria, Osasunbidea, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Pamplona, Spain. [Ordovás,JM] Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM_USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, USA., The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by the European Research Council (Advanced Research grant 2014–2019, agreement #340918, granted to M.Á.M.-G.), the official Spanish institutions for funding scientific biomedical research, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS) which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (coordinated FIS projects led by J.S-S. and J.V., including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI14/00972, PI14/00728, PI14/01471, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926, PI19/00957, PI19/00386, PI19/00309, PI19/01032, PI19/00576, PI19/00017, PI19/01226, PI19/00781, PI19/01560, PI19/01332), and the Especial Action Project 'Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensiva sobre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus' (J.S.-S.), the Recercaixa (grant number 2013ACUP00194) (J.S.-S.). Moreover, J.S-S. gratefully acknowledges the financial support by ICREA under the ICREA Academia program, the SEMERGEN grant, Department of Health of the Government of Navarra (61/2015), the Fundació La Marató de TV (Ref. 201630.10), the AstraZeneca Young Investigators Award in Category of Obesity and T2D 2017 (D.R.), grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013, PS0358/2016, PI0137/2018), the PROMETEO/2017/017 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana, the SEMERGEN grant, grant of support to research groups 35/2011 (Balearic Islands Government, and FEDER funds) (J.A.T.). R.S.-C. acknowledges financial support from the Juan de la Cierva Program Training Grants of the Spanish State Research Agency of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Ministerio de Universidades (FJC2018-038168- I). N.B.-T. acknowledges financial support from the Juan de la Cierva Formación Program Training Grants of the Spanish State Research Agency of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Ministerio de Universidades (FJC2018-036016-I). M.R.B.-L. was supported by 'Miguel Servet Type I' program (CP15/00028) from the ISCIII-Madrid (Spain), cofinanced by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER. S.K.N. acknowledges financial support from the Canadian Institute for Health Research, CIHR Fellowship. J.K. was supported by the ‘FOLIUM’ programme within the FUTURMed project from the Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (financed by 2017 annual plan of the sustainable tourism tax and at 50% with charge to the ESF Operational Program 2014–2020 of the Balearic Islands. C.M.-P. was financially supported by a joint grant from the Community of Madrid and the European Social Fund (grant PEJD-2019-POST/SAL-15892). The METHYL-UP project was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTI2018-095569-B-I00, Programa de Proyectos Orientados a los Retos de la Sociedad 'Projects Toward Society Challenges Program').

Marc J. Gunter, Inger T. Gram, Elisabete Weiderpass, Hilary A. Tindle, Sun-Seog Kweon, Renée T. Fortner, Rudolf Kaaks, Sarah J Lewis, James Yarmolinsky, Stephen B. Gruber, Marije F. Bakker, Li Hsu, Yi Lin, Neil Murphy, Polly A. Newcomb, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Noralane M. Lindor, Rosario Tumino, Gianluca Severi, Hermann Brenner, Emmanouil Bouras, Jane C. Figueiredo, Niki Dimou, Richard M. Martin, Bethany Van Guelpen, María-José Sánchez-Pérez, Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Cancerfonden Cancer Research Foundation in Northern Sweden Deutsche Krebshilfe Vetenskapsrådet, VR Australian Lions Childhood Cancer Research Foundation, ALCCRF Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse State of Maryland Vetenskapsrådet, VR: VR 2017-00650 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC Institut National Du Cancer, INCa National Institutes of Health, NIH National Cancer Institute, NCI: P30 CA015704 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, CHU de Nantes Conseil Régional des Pays de la Loire Association Anne de Bretagne Genetique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, CHU de Nantes U.S. Public Health Service, USPHS: HHSN261201500005C U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HHS National Institutes of Health, NIH National Cancer Institute, NCI National Institute on Aging, NIA: U01 AG18033 Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: P30 CA006973, U01 CA86308 American Institute for Cancer Research, AICR European Commission, EC National Institutes of Health, NIH: R01 CA189184, 2P30CA015704-40, R01 CA207371, U01 CA206110 Matthias Lackas-Stiftung Johns Hopkins University, JHU: HHSN268201200008I National Cancer Institute, NCI National Institutes of Health, NIH: R01 CA143247, R01 CA81488, U01 CA122839, U19 CA148107, U01 CA167551 National Institutes of Health, NIH National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS: T32 ES013678 National Cancer Institute, NCI U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HHS: R01 CA197350, R01 CA81488, R01 CA201407, P01 CA196569, U19 CA148107, P30 CA014089 Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft, FFG: 829675 Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII European Regional Development Fund, ERDF: PI14-613, PI09-1286 Xarxa de Bancs de Tumors de Catalunya, XBTC: PT13/0010/0013 Generalitat de Catalunya: 2017SGR723 Junta de Castilla y León: LE22A10-2 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, AGAUR Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky, MZCR: AZV 17-30920A, AZV 15-27580A Grantová Agentura České Republiky, GA ČR: CZ GA CR: GAP304/10/1286, 1585 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG: HO 5117/2-1, BR 1704/6-1, KL 2354/3-1, BR 1704/6-4, BR 1704/6-3, CH 117/1-1, HE 5998/2-1, RO 2270/8-1, BR1704/17-1 Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF: 01ER0814, 01KH0404, 01ER0815, 01ER1505A, 01ER1505B U01 CA 84968-06 National Cancer Institute, NCI University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC Imperial College London NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Deutsche Krebshilfe Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C8221/A29017 Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Vetenskapsrådet, VR Ligue Contre le Cancer Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm National Research Council, NRC Institut Gustave-Roussy Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ Cancerfonden World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1 Generalitat de Catalunya: 2017SGR653, 2014SGR135, 2014SGR255, 2017SGR21 SAF2014-54453R, SAF07-64873, SAF 2010-19273 Xunta de Galicia: PGIDIT07PXIB9101209PR Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII European Regional Development Fund, ERDF: PS09/02368, PI14/00230, 17/00878, PI08/1276, PI17/00509, PI08/0024, PI11/00681, P111/00219, PI14/00173 Xarxa de Bancs de Tumors de Catalunya, XBTC: SLT002/ 16/00398 GCB13131592CAST European Cooperation in Science and Technology, COST: CA17118, BM1206 Deutsche Krebshilfe National Institutes of Health, NIH: K07 CA190673, P01 CA055075, K07CA190673, R35CA197735, U01 CA167552, UM1 CA167552, R01 CA042182, P01 CA087969, R01 CA151993, P50 CA127003, UM1 CA186107, R35 CA197735, R01 CA137178 HCRI15011-1 National Cancer Institute, NCI: R01CA136726 Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation, DRCRF: CI-8 Food Standards Agency, FSA Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C588/A19167 VicHealth Cancer Council Victoria National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC: 251553, 209057, 509348, 504711 National Institutes of Health, NIH U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HHS: R01 CA81488 Florida Department of Health: 09BN-13 National Institutes of Health, NIH: R01 CA189184, P30 CA076292 National Institutes of Health, NIH: P30 DK034987, R01 CA66635 18226, 18223 Canadian Institutes of Health Research, CIHR: CRT 43821 National Institutes of Health, NIH U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HHS: U01 CA74783 Cancerfonden Cancer Research Foundation, CRF Vetenskapsrådet, VR Australian Lions Childhood Cancer Research Foundation, ALCCRF Canadian Cancer Society National Institutes of Health, NIH: U01/ U24 CA074783, U01 CA167551 Pelotonia CA16058, CA67941 Canadian Institutes of Health Research, CIHR: 112746 Ontario Research Foundation, ORF: GL201-043 National Cancer Institute, NCI U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HHS: U01 HG004446, GEI U01 HG 004438, Z01 CP 010200 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, DCEG Institut National Du Cancer, INCa National Institutes of Health, NIH Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, DCP, NCI National Institutes of Health, NIH: U24 CA074794, U01 CA074794, R01 CA076366, U01 CA167551 National Cancer Institute, NCI National Institutes of Health, NIH: UM1 CA182883, U10 CA37429 National Cancer Institute, NCI Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: R03 CA153323, P01 CA074184, K05 CA152715, R01 CA097325 National Institutes of Health, NIH: KL2 TR000421 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS Stockholms Läns Landsting Vetenskapsrådet, VR: K2015-55X-22674-01-4, K2008-55X-20157-03-3, K2006-72X-20157-01-2 Karolinska Institutet, KI National Institutes of Health, NIH: K05 CA154337 Swedish Cancer Foundation National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI National Institutes of Health, NIH U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HHS: HHSN268201100004C, HHSN268201100003C, HHSN268201100001C, HHSN271201100004C, HHSN268201100046C, HHSN268201100002C, R.M. Martin reports grants from Cancer Research UK during the conduct of the study. R.T. Fortner reports that grants from German Cancer Aid and from German Ministry of Education and Research supported the conduct of EPIC Heidelberg. S.B. Gruber reports other from Brogent International LLC outside the submitted work. B. van Guelpen reports grants from Swedish Research Council, Swedish Cancer Society, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Lion’s Cancer Research Foundation at Umea° University, and Cancer Research Foundation in Northern Sweden during the conduct of the study. No disclosures were reported by the other authors., CLUE: We appreciate the continued efforts of the staff members at the Johns Hopkins George W. Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention in the conduct of the CLUE II study. We thank the participants in CLUE. Cancer incidence data for CLUE were provided by the Maryland Cancer Registry, Center for Cancer Surveillance and Control, Maryland Department of Health, 201 W. Preston Street, Room 400, Baltimore, MD 21201, http://phpa.dhmh.maryland.gov/cancer, 410-767-4055. We acknowledge the State of Maryland, the Maryland Cigarette Restitution Fund, and the National Program of Cancer Registries of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the funds that support the collection and availability of the cancer registry data., CPS-II: The authors thank the CPS-II participants and Study Management Group for their invaluable contributions to this research. The authors would also like to acknowledge the contribution to this study from central cancer registries supported through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Program of Cancer Registries, and cancer registries supported by the National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program., NSHDS investigators thank the Biobank Research Unit at Umea° University, the V€asterbotten Intervention Programme, the Northern Sweden MONICA study and Region V€asterbotten for providing data and samples and acknowledge the contribution from Biobank Sweden, supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR 2017-00650)., Cancer incidence data have been provided by the District of Columbia Cancer Registry, Georgia Cancer Registry, Hawaii Cancer Registry, Minnesota Cancer Surveillance System, Missouri Cancer Registry, Nevada Central Cancer Registry, Pennsylvania Cancer Registry, Texas Cancer Registry, Virginia Cancer Registry, and Wisconsin Cancer Reporting System. All are supported in part by funds from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Program for Central Registries, local states or by the National Cancer Institute, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. The results reported here and the conclusions derived are the sole responsibility of the authors., Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO): National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (U01 CA137088, R01 CA059045, R01CA201407). This research was funded in part through the NIH/NCI Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA015704., ASTERISK: a Hospital Clinical Research Program (PHRC-BRD09/C) from the University Hospital Center of Nantes (CHU de Nantes) and supported by the Regional Council of Pays de la Loire, the Groupement des EntreprisesFranc¸aises dans la Luttecontre le Cancer (GEFLUC), the Association Anne de Bretagne Génétique and the Ligue RégionaleContre le Cancer (LRCC)., The ATBC Study is supported by the Intramural Research Program of the U.S. National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, and by U.S. Public Health Service contract HHSN261201500005C from the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services., CLUE funding was from the National Cancer Institute (U01 CA86308, Early Detection Research Network, and P30 CA006973), National Institute on Aging (U01 AG18033), and the American Institute for Cancer Research. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US government. COLO2&3: NIH (R01 CA60987).

Angel Rodriguez, Jordi Real, Manel Mata-Cases, Gabriel Giménez-Pérez, Josep Franch-Nadal, Albert Goday, Emilio Ortega, Bogdan Vlacho, Didac Mauricio, [Gimenez-Perez, G] Hospital General de Granollers, Granollers, Spain. [Franch-Nadal, J] DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain. CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain. Primary Health Care Centre Raval Sud, Gerència d’Atenció Primària Barcelona Ciutat, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain. [Ortega, E] Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Suñer, CIBEROBN, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Mata-Cases, M] DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain. CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain. Primary Health Care Centre La Mina, Gerència d’Atenció Primària Barcelona Ciutat, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Adrià del Besós, Spain. [Goday, A] Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBEROBN, Barcelona, Spain. [Real, J] DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain. CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain. [Rodriguez, A] Department of Clinical Research, Lilly, S.A., Madrid, Spain. [Vlacho, B] DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain. [Mauricio, D] DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain. CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain. Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain, and Hospital General de Granollers

Jordi Rello, José L. Peñalvo, Grant W. Waterer, Joan B. Soriano, Institut Català de la Salut, [Soriano JB] Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Waterer G] School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. [Peñalvo JL] Unit of Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. [Rello J] Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Recerca Clínica/Innovació en la Pneumònia i Sèpsia (CRIPS), Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Clinical Research, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Oscar Garcia-Algar, Nuria Gómez, Vicente Andreu-Fernández, Joan Colom, Lidia Segura-García, Natalia Barcons, Ana I Ibar, Raquel Vidal, Agnés Russiñol, Adriana Bastons-Compta, Vicky Fumadó, Marta Astals, [Colom J, Segura-García L] Program on Substance Abuse, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (Red SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Bastons-Compta A] Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (Red SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Neonatology Unit, ICGON, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain. [Astals M, Garcia-Algar O] Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (Red SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Neonatology Unit, ICGON, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain. Departament de Cirurgia i Especialitats Mèdico-Quirúrgiques, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Andreu-Fernandez V] Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (Red SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Neonatology Unit, ICGON, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain. Departament of Nutrition and Health, Valencian International University (VIU), Valencia, Spain. [Barcons N] Pediatrics Service, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain. [Vidal R, Gómez N] Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Grup de Recerca en Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. [Ibar AI] Program on Substance Abuse, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. [Fumadó V] Pediatrics Service, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain. [Russiñol A] Department of Labour, Social Affairs and Families, Catalan Institute for Fostering and Adoption, Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Salut, and [Colom J, Segura-García L] Program on Substance Abuse, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (Red SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Bastons-Compta A] Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (Red SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Neonatology Unit, ICGON, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain. [Astals M, Garcia-Algar O] Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (Red SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Neonatology Unit, ICGON, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain. Departament de Cirurgia i Especialitats Mèdico-Quirúrgiques, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Andreu-Fernandez V] Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (Red SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Neonatology Unit, ICGON, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain. Departament of Nutrition and Health, Valencian International University (VIU), Valencia, Spain. [Barcons N] Pediatrics Service, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain. [Vidal R, Gómez N] Psychiatry Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Ibar AI] Program on Substance Abuse, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. [Fumadó V] Pediatrics Service, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain. [Russiñol A] Department of Labour, Social Affairs and Families, Catalan Institute for Fostering and Adoption, Barcelona, Spain

Fulvio Ricceri, Joseph A. Rothwell, Amanda J. Cross, Graham G. Giles, Elisabete Weiderpass, Tilman Kühn, Emily Sonestedt, Yi Yang, Rudolf Kaaks, Valeria Pala, Anna Karakatsani, Dallas R. English, Rosario Tumino, Pilar Amiano, Antonia Trichopoulou, John L. Hopper, Leila Lujan-Barroso, Allison M. Hodge, Bengt Wallner, Ruth C. Travis, María Dolores López, Anne Tjønneland, Hazel M. Mitchell, Kostas Tsilidis, Domenico Palli, Harindra Jayasekara, Elio Riboli, Antonio Agudo, Robin Room, Heiner Boeing, Eva Ardanaz, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Torkjel M. Sandanger, Pietro Ferrari, Robert J. MacInnis, Susana Merino, Andrew Haydon, Eleni Peppa, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Salvatore Panico, María José Sánchez, Marc J. Gunter, Hanna Sternby, Roger L. Milne, Gianluca Severi, Ana Lucia Mayen-Chacon, Centre international de Recherche sur le Cancer (CIRC), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), VicHealth Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC Wellcome Trust, WT Medical Research Council, MRC: MC‐UU_12015/1, MR/M012190/1, MR/N003284/1 British Heart Foundation, BHF Department of Health and Social Care, DH Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C570/ A16491, C8221/A19170, C864/A14136 World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF Food Standards Agency, FSA Stroke Association European Commission, EC National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC: 1074383, 209057, 396414, GNT1163120 Cancer Council Victoria Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Cancerfonden Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Ligue Contre le Cancer Stavros Niarchos Foundation, SNF Vetenskapsrådet, VR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé: GR‐IARC‐2003‐09‐12‐01 Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC Deutsche Krebshilfe Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, RIVM Institut Gustave-Roussy Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Greece Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, FARE Hellenic Health Foundation, HHF, Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, Grant/Award Numbers: 1074383, 209057, 396414, GNT1163120, Cancer Council Victoria (Australia), Cancer Research UK, Grant/Award Numbers: C570/ A16491, C8221/A19170, C864/A14136, Catalan Institute of Oncology ‐ ICO (Spain), Danish Cancer Society, Deutsche Krebshilfe, the Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (Germany), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, European Commission (Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs), Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education (Australia), French Ministry of Health, Grant/Award Number: Grant GR‐IARC‐2003‐09‐12‐01, Health Research Fund (FIS) ‐ Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece), Hellenic Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity (Greece), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (France), Italian Association for Research on Cancer and the National Research Council (Italy), Ligue Contre le Cancer (France), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, the Dutch Zorg Onderzoek Nederland, Medical Research Council (UK), Grant/Award Numbers: MC‐UU_12015/1, MR/M012190/1, MR/N003284/1, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) (the Netherlands), Netherlands Cancer Registry, Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece), Stroke Association, the British Heart Foundation, the Department of Health, the Food Standards Agency and the Wellcome Trust (UK), Swedish Cancer Society, the Swedish Scientific Council and the Regional Government of Skåne (Sweden), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), VicHealth (Australia), World Cancer Research Fund and Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands), the Institut Gustave Roussy Funding information, We thank Carine Biessy and Bertrand Hemon for their technical contribution to EPIC data used in this work. We are also grateful to all the EPIC participants who have been part of the project, and to the many members of the study teams who enabled this research. We thank the original MCCS investigators and the diligent team, who recruited the participants and who continue working on follow‐up, for their contribution. We also express our gratitude to the many thousands of Melbourne residents who continue to participate in the study. This work was supported by the Direction Générale de la Santé (French Ministry of Health, Grant GR‐IARC‐2003‐09‐12‐01), by the European Commission (Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by the Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), the Ligue Contre le Cancer, the Institut Gustave Roussy, the Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale and the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (France), the Deutsche Krebshilfe, the Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), the Hellenic Health Foundation, the Stavros Niarchos Foundation and the Hellenic Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity (Greece), the Italian Association for Research on Cancer and the National Research Council (Italy), the Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, the Netherlands Cancer Registry, LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, the Dutch Zorg Onderzoek Nederland, the World Cancer Research Fund and Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands), the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands, for their contribution and ongoing support to the EPIC Study, the Health Research Fund (FIS) ‐ Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology ‐ ICO (Spain), the Swedish Cancer Society, the Swedish Scientific Council and the Regional Government of Skåne (Sweden), Cancer Research UK (C864/A14136 to EPIC‐Norfolk, C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC‐Oxford), Medical Research Council (MR/N003284/1 and MC‐UU_12015/1 to EPIC‐Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC‐Oxford, United Kingdom), the Stroke Association, the British Heart Foundation, the Department of Health, the Food Standards Agency and the Wellcome Trust (UK). MCCS cohort recruitment was funded by Cancer Council Victoria ( https://www.cancervic.org.au/ ) and VicHealth ( https://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/ ). The MCCS was further supported by Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) ( https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/ ) grants 209057, 396414 and 1074383, and ongoing follow‐up and data management has been funded by Cancer Council Victoria since 1995. Cases and their vital status were ascertained through the Victorian Cancer Registry and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, including the National Death Index and the Australian Cancer Database. Harindra Jayasekara is supported by NHMRC grant GNT1163120. John L. Hopper is a NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellow. Yi Yang is supported by a Melbourne Research Scholarship from the University of Melbourne. Robin Room's position was funded by the Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education. The sponsors had no role in the design and conduct of the study, collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data, preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript, and and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Verena Katzke, Anne M. May, Carlota Castro-Espin, Paula Jakszyn, Christina C. Dahm, Elisabete Weiderpass, Matthias B. Schulze, Guri Skeie, María José Sánchez, Catalina Bonet, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Sanam Shah, Nasser Laouali, Dagfinn Aune, José Ramón Quirós, Sabina Sieri, Eva Ardanaz, Salvatore Panico, Gianluca Severi, Carlotta Sacerdote, Antonio Agudo, Stina Bodén, Melissa A. Merritt, Iger T Gram, Rosario Tumino, Krasimira Aleksandrova, Giovanna Masala, Elio Riboli, Renée Turzanski-Fortner, Pilar Amiano, Anne Tjønneland, Laure Dossus, Manon Cairat, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ, Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC, National Research Council, NRC, University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH, Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1, Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C8221/A29017, World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF, Imperial College London, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, Cancerfonden, Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Vetenskapsrådet, VR, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: PI15/00639, European Social Fund, ESF, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC, Deutsche Krebshilfe, Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, RIVM, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN, European Regional Development Fund, ERDF: FI19/00197, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC, This work was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project PI15/00639 (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund [ERDF], a way to build Europe). C. Castro-Espin was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the Grant FI19/00197 (Co-funded by European Social Fund. ESF investing in your future). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France), German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany), Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands), Health Research Fund (FIS)—Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology—ICO (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk, C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). The funders of this study had no role in the decisions about the analysis or interpretation of the data, or preparation, review or approval of the manuscript., and We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. We also thank the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands, for their contribution and ongoing support to the EPIC Study.

José Luis Trillo-Contreras, Pedro Gómez-Gálvez, Luis M. Escudero, Nieves Lara-Ureña, Andrea S. Bullones-Bolanos, Javier Vitorica, Miriam Echevarría, Rosana March-Díaz, Miguel Marchena, Jose Carlos Davila, Ana C. Sanchez-Hidalgo, Eloisa Herrera, Fernando de Castro, Jakob Körbelin, Antonia Gutierrez, Rocio González-Martínez, Alicia E. Rosales-Nieves, Raquel del Toro, Clara Ortega-de San Luis, Maria I. Alvarez-Vergara, Alberto Pascual, Pablo Vicente-Munuera, Manuel A. Sanchez-Garcia, Guiomar Rodriguez-Perinan, Martin Trepel, Francisco G. Scholl, Alberto Rábano, Javier Villadiego, Miguel Martin-Bornez, Beatriz Fernández-Gómez, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI18/01556, PI18/01557, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas CB06/05/ 0094, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Fundació La Marató de TV3, Junta de Andalucía, Fundación Domingo Martínez, [Alvarez-Vergara,MI, Rosales-Nieves,AE, March-Diaz,R, Rodriguez-Perinan,G, Lara-Ureña,N, Ortega-de San Luis,C, Sanchez-Garcia,MA, Martin-Bornez,M, Gómez-Gálvez,P, Vicente-Munuera,P, Bullones-Bolanos,AS, Trillo-Contreras,JL, Sanchez-Hidalgo,AC, del Toro,R, Scholl,FG, Escudero,LM, Villadiego,J, Echevarria,M, Vitorica,J, Pascual,A] Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. [Gómez-Gálvez,P, Escudero,LM] Department of Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla. Seville, Spain. [Gómez-Gálvez,P, Davila,JC, Gutierrez,A, Vitorica,J] Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain. [Fernandez-Gomez,B, Marchena,MA, de Castro,F] Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain. [Marchena,MA] Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias, Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain. [Davila,JC, Gutierrez,A] Department of Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain. [Gonzalez-Martinez,R, Herrera,E] 7 Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain. [Trillo-Contreras,JL, Echevarria,M] Department of Fisiología Médica y Biofisica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. [del Toro,R] Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain. [Trepel,M] Augsburg Medical Center, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Augsburg, Germany. [Körbelin,J] Section of Pneumology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. [Rabano,A] Fundacion CIEN, Madrid, Spain. [Vitorica,J] Department of Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. [Ortega-de San Luis,L] Present address: School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. [Sanchez-Garcia,MA] Present address: Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. [Alvarez-Vergara,MI, Rosales-Nieves,AE] These authors contributed equally: Maria I. Alvarez-Vergara, Alicia E. Rosales-Nieves., A.E.R.-N. was the recipient of a JdlC-F fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness (MINEICO) (FJCI-2015-23708), M.I.A.-V., N.L.-U., and C.O.-d.S.L. were the recipient of an FPU fellowship from Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport (respectively, FPU15/02898, FPU14-02115, and AP2010‐1598), and R.M.-D. was the recipient of a 'Sara Borrell' fellowship from ISCIII (CD09/0007). Work was supported by grants to A.P. by the Spanish MINEICO, ISCIII, and FEDER (SAF2012‐33816, SAF2015‐64111‐R, RTI2018-096629-B-100, SAF2017-90794-REDT, and PIE13/0004), by the regional Government of Andalusia ('Proyectos de Excelencia', P12‐CTS‐2138 and P12‐CTS‐2232) co-funded by CEC and FEDER funds, and by the 'Ayuda de Biomedicina 2018', Fundación Domingo Martínez, J.Vitorica: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCiii) of Spain, co-financed by FEDER funds from European Union (PI18/01556) by La Marató-TV3 Foundation grant 20141431, by CIBERNED (CB06/05/0094), and by Junta de Andalucia Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento through grant US-1262734, A.G.: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCiii) of Spain, co-financed by FEDER funds from European Union, through grant PI18/01557, and by Junta de Andalucia Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento through grants UMA18-FEDERJA-211 and P18-RT-2233 co-financed by Programa Operativo FEDER 2014-2020. The authors thank Maria Llorens-Martin (CBM-Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain) for the generous gift of the human samples, Ralf H. Adams and Jose L. de la Pompa for providing the Cdh5-Cre, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas

Joseph A. Rothwell, Giovanna Masala, José María Huerta, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Elisabete Weiderpass, Anja Olsen, Magritt Brustad, Claudia Agnoli, Corinne Casagrande, Guri Skeie, Ulrika Ericson, Verena Katzke, Mazda Jenab, Christina C. Dahm, Anne Tjønneland, Geneviève Nicolas, Rudolf Kaaks, Inge Huybrechts, Veronika Fedirko, Carlotta Sacerdote, Neil Murphy, Maria Wennberg, Veronique Chajes, Jeroen W.G. Derksen, Matthias B. Schulze, Elom K. Aglago, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Alicia K Heath, Pilar Amiano, Salvatore Panico, Paula Jakszyn, Rosario Tumino, Marc J. Gunter, Inger T. Gram, María José Sánchez, Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, 1000143, MR/M012190/1, Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ, Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC, National Research Council, NRC, University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH, Cancer Research UK, CRUK: 14136, C8221/A29017, World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF, Imperial College London, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, Cancerfonden, Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Vetenskapsrådet, VR, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC, Deutsche Krebshilfe, Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, RIVM, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC, World Cancer Research Fund, Grant/Award Number: WCRF 2013/1002 Funding information trans, The authors would like to thank the EPIC study participants and staff for their valuable contribution to this research. The authors would also like to thank Ms Beatrice Vozar, Mr Bertrand Hemon and Ms Carine Biessy for the analysis of plasma samples, and the preparation of the databases. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France), German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition PotsdamRehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany), Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro‐AIRC‐Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands), Health Research Fund (FIS)—Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology—ICO (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC‐Norfolk, C8221/A29017 to EPIC‐Oxford), MedicalResearch Council (1000143 to EPIC‐Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC‐Oxford). (United Kingdom), the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands. The EPIC‐Norfolk study (DOI 10.22025/2019.10.105.00004) has received funding from the Medical Research Council (MR/N003284/1, MC‐PC_13048 and MC‐UU_12015/1). We are grateful to all the participants who have been part of the project and to the many members of the study teams at the University of Cambridge who have enabled this research. The authors would like to acknowledge the use of data and samples from EPIC centres in Cambridge, France, Asturias, and Navarro. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the article. Our study was funded by a grant from the World Cancer Research Fund to Marc Gunter (Grant number: WCRF 2013/1002)., Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sant? et de la Recherche M?dicale (INSERM) (France), Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy), Health Research Fund (FIS)?Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andaluc?a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology?ICO (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Sk?ne and V?sterbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk, C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), MedicalResearch Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, and MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford). (United Kingdom), the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands. The EPIC-Norfolk study (DOI 10.22025/2019.10.105.00004) has received funding from the Medical Research Council (MR/N003284/1, MC-PC_13048 and MC-UU_12015/1). We are grateful to all the participants who have been part of the project and to the many members of the study teams at the University of Cambridge who have enabled this research. The authors would like to acknowledge the use of data and samples from EPIC centres in Cambridge, France, Asturias, and Navarro. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the article. Our study was funded by a grant from the World Cancer Research Fund to Marc Gunter (Grant number: WCRF 2013/1002).

Pol Cuscó, Demian Burguera, Salvatore D'Aniello, Cristina Vicente-García, Bru Cormand, Enrique Navas-Perez, José Luis Ferran, Jordi Garcia-Fernàndez, Carlos Herrera-Úbeda, Marta Alaiz-Noya, Rafael Falcón-Moya, Angel M. Carrión, Serena Mirra, Irene Suárez-Pereira, Gemma Marfany, Fausto Ulloa, Eduardo Soriano, Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo, Ester Antón-Galindo, Jaime J. Carvajal, Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno, Macarena López-Mayorga, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (España), [Navas-Pérez,E, Mirra,S, Burguera,D, Fernàndez-Castillo,N, Antón-Galindo,E, Herrera-Úbeda,C, Cormand,B, Marfany,G, Garcia-Fernàndez,J] Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Vicente-García,C, López-Mayorga,M, Carvajal,JJ] Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain. [Mirra,S, Ulloa,F, Soriano,E] Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, and Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Mirra,S, Marfany,G] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Mirra,S, Soriano,E] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Burguera,D] Department of Zoology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. [Fernàndez-Castillo,N, Marfany,G] Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. [Ferrán,JL] Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, Murcia, Spain. [Alaiz-Noya,M, Suárez-Pereira,I, Falcón-Moya,R, Rodríguez-Moreno,A, Carrión,AM] Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain. [Alaiz-Noya,M] Present Address: Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (Universidad Miguel Hernández - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Alicante, Spain. [Suárez-Pereira,I] Present Address: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Neuropsychopharmacology and psychobiology research group, UCA, INiBICA, Cádiz, Spain. [Cuscó,P] Genome Architecture, Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. [Cuscó,P] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. [D'Aniello,S] Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy. [Soriano,E] Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain., and Major financial support for this research was received from Spanish 'Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades.' Grants BFU2015-68655-P and BFU2017-861152-P to J.G.F., RTI2018-100968-B-I00, 2017-SGR-738, H2020/2014-2020 under grant agreements n°667302, n°643051, and n°728018 to B.C., PGC2018-098229-B-I00 to J.L.F., BES-2016-077374 to E.A.-G., CVI-7290 Junta de Andalucía to A.R.M., SAF2016-80937-R (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad/FEDER) to G.M., Institutional Grant MDM-2016-0687 (Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit, Department of Gene Regulation and Morphogenesis at CABD) and BFU2017-83150-P to J.J.C, BFU2017-89780-R and P12-CTS-2257 to A.M.C. and SAF2016-76340-R and María de Maeztu Excellence Unit, Institute of Neurosciences to E.S.. E.N.P. held an FPI pre-doctoral fellowship (Spanish 'Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades'). S.M. was first supported by a contract with the 'Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas,' and later by 'Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras' (CIBERER). N.F.C. is also under contract by CIBERER. This study makes use of data generated by the DECIPHER community. A full list of centres who contributed to the generation of the data is available at http://decipher.sanger.ac.uk and via email from decipher@sanger.ac.uk. Funding for the project was provided by the Wellcome Trust.

Josep A. Tur, Itziar Abete, José J. Gaforio, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Nerea Becerra-Tomás, Francisco J. Tinahones, Albert Goday, Xavier Pintó, Maria Dolors Zomeño, Julia Wärnberg, Alejandro Oncina-Canovas, Carmen Saiz, Jessica Pérez-López, Dolores Corella, Clotilde Vázquez, Lucas Tojal-Sierra, Leyre Notario-Barandiaran, Marga Morey, Lidia Daimiel, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, José Manuel Santos-Lozano, José Lapetra, F. Javier Basterra-Gortari, Julia Muñoz, Alicia Julibert, Marian Martín, M. Rosa Bernal-Lopez, Sara Castro-Barquero, Ana Galera, Josep Vidal, Vicente Martín-Sánchez, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Maria C Belló-Mora, Emilio Ros, Ignacio M. Gimenez-Alba, Antonio García Ríos, Tamara Casañas-Quintana, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez, Jesús García-Gavilán, Josep Basora, Jesús Vioque, Ramon Estruch, Dora Romaguera, Luis Serra-Majem, Cesar I Fernandez-Lazaro, Pilar Matía-Martín, Escarlata Angullo-Martinez, Cristina Bouzas, Carmen Sayón-Orea, J. Alfredo Martínez, Olga Castañer, Maria del Mar Bibiloni, [Bouzas,C, Bibiloni,MM, Julibert,A, Ruiz-Canela,M, Salas-Salvadó,J, Corella,D, Zomeño,MD, Romaguera,D, Alonso-Gómez,ÁM, Wärnberg,J, Martínez,JA, Serra-Majem,L, Estruch,R, Tinahones,FJ, Lapetra,J, Pintó,X, García Ríos,A, Vázquez,C, Ros,E, Fernandez-Lázaro,CI, Becerra-Tomás,N, Gimenez-Alba,IM, Muñoz,J, Morey,M, Pérez-López,J, Abete,I, Casañas-Quintana,T, Castro-Barquero,S, Bernal-López,MR, Santos-Lozano,JM, Galera,A, Angullo-Martinez,E, Basterra-Gortari,FJ, Basora,J, Saiz,C, Castañer,O, Martín,M, Belló-Mora,MC, Sayón-Orea,C, García-Gavilán,J, Goday,A, Tur,JA] CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Bouzas,C, Tojal-Sierra,L, Tur,JA] Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. [Bouzas,C, Tur,JA] Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain. [Ruiz-Canela,M, Sayón-Orea,C] Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdISNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. [Salas-Salvadó,J, García-Gavilán,J] Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain. [Salas-Salvadó,J] Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain. [Corella,D, Saiz,C] Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. [Zomeño,MD, Goday,A] Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain. [Zomeño,MD] Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain. [Vioque,J, Oncina-Canovas,A, Notario-Barandiarán,L] Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL-UMH, Alicante, Spain. [Vioque,J, Bueno-Cavanillas,A, Gaforio,JJ, Notario-Barandiarán,L] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Alonso-Gómez,ÁM, Belló-Mora,MC] Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. [Wärnberg,J, Pérez-López,J] Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain. [Martínez,JA] Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain. [Martínez,JA, Abete,I] Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. [Serra-Majem,L, Casañas-Quintana,T] Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. [Estruch,R, Castro-Barquero,S] Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Tinahones,FJ, Bernal-López,MR] Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [Lapetra,J, Santos-Lozano,JM] Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain. [Pintó,X, Galera,A] Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. [García Ríos,A] Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. [Bueno-Cavanillas,A] Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. [Gaforio,JJ] Department of Health Sciences, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Olivar y Aceites de Oliva, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain. [Matía-Martín,P] Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain. [Daimiel,L] Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain. [Martín-Sánchez,V] CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Martín-Sánchez,V] Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain. [Vidal,J] Department of Endocrinology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Vázquez,C] Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Madrid, Spain. [Ros,E] Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain. [Angullo-Martinez,E] Escola Graduada Primary Health Care Center, IBSalut, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. [Basterra-Gortari,FJ, Sayón-Orea,C] Servicio Navarro de Salud, Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain., The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, ISCIII, through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (five coordinated FIS projects led by J.S.-S. and J.Vidal, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI14/00972, PI14/00728, PI14/01471, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926, PI19/00957, PI19/00386, PI19/00309, PI19/01032, PI19/00576, PI19/00017, PI19/01226, PI19/00781, PI19/01560, and PI19/01332, the Especial Action Project entitled: Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensiva sobre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant to J.S.-S., the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013–2018, 340918) to Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, the Recercaixa Grant to J.S.-S. (2013ACUP00194), Grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013, PS0358/2016, and PI0137/2018), a Grant from the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2017/017), a SEMERGEN Grant, EU-COST Action CA16112, a Grant of support to research groups no. 35/2011 from the Balearic Islands Government, Grants from Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IDISBA), funds from the European Regional Development Fund (CIBEROBN CB06/03 and CB12/03) and from the European Commission (EAT2BENICE_H2020_SFS2016). M. Rosa Bernal-López was supported by 'Miguel Servet Type I' program (CP15/00028) from the ISCIII-Madrid (Spain), cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund. Jordi Salas-Salvadó is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme. Cristina Bouzas received a Fernando Tarongí Bauzà PhD Grant. I.M Gimenez-Alba received a grant FPU from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Univesities (reference FPU 18/01703). The funding sponsors had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of the data, and in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

Raquel Linares, Brigita Bax, Andreas Karwautz, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Daniel Stein, Michiko Nakazato, Michael Zeiler, Violeta L. Moize, Lucero Munguía, Carlota Gudiol, Gema Frühbeck, Daniel Le Grange, Hana Papezova, Jue Chen, Laurence Claes, Katie Rowlands, Jéssica Sánchez-González, Teresa Rangil, Sara Bujalance-Arguijo, Sergey V. Popov, Jose Soriano-Pacheco, Mikhail F. Borisenkov, Mikel Etxandi, Jordi Carratalà, Ia Shekriladze, Maria Eulalia Loran Meler, Bea Pászthy, Gemma Mestre-Bach, Kate Tchanturia, Anders Håkansson, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Ferenc Túry, Mar Carceller-Sindreu, Tetiana Ilnytska, Emilio Ortega, Nathalie Godart, Trevor Steward, Janet Treasure, Robert van Voren, Youl-Ri Kim, José Manuel Fernández-Real, Carlos Dieguez, Angela Favaro, Eduardo Serrano-Troncoso, Roser Granero, Francisco J. Tinahones, Isabel Sánchez, Koen Luyckx, Alba Andreu, Paulo P. P. Machado, Meritxell Lozano, Isabel Baenas, University Hospital of Bellvitge, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición ( (CIBEROBN)), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), University of Barcelona, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), University of Melbourne, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Girona Biomedical Research Institute [Girona, Spain] (IDIBGI), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga [Malaga, Espagne] (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute [Santiago de Compostela], Clínica Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona], University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, King‘s College London, Ilia State University [Tbilisi], Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, University of Padua, KU Leuven (KU Leuven), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, University of the Free State [South Africa], Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona, Spain], Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental [Madrid] (CIBER-SAM), Institut Català d'Oncologia--IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, REIPI (Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases), University of Minho [Braga], Lund University [Lund], Semmelweis University [Budapest], The Chaim Sheba Medical Center [Tel Hashomer, Israel], Vilnius University [Vilnius], Inje University, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital (IUHW Hospital), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris (IMM), Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas (VDU), Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, School of Medicine [Shanghai Jiaotong University], Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO: PSI2015-68701-R Generalitat de Catalunya Generalitat de Catalunya Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028145 European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBEROBN Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: INT19/00046, PI17/01167, We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. This manuscript and research was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Econom?a y Competitividad (PSI2015-68701-R), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (INT19/00046 and PI17/01167) and co-funded by FEDER funds /European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), a way to build Europe. CIBERobn, CIBERsam and CIBERDEM are all initiatives of ISCIII. GMB is supported by a postdoctoral grant from FUNCIVA. This initiative is supported by Generalitat de Catalunya. LM is supported by a postdoctoral grant of the Mexican institution Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog?a (CONACYT). PPM was supported, in part, by a Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology grant (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028145). IB was partially supported by a Post-Residency Grant from Research Committee of the University Hospital of Bellvitge (HUB, Barcelona, Spain) 2019-2020. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., and Universidade do Minho

Ivonne vanVlijmen-Willems, Marion Brisset, C. Badosa, Edoardo Malfatti, Robert-Yves Carlier, Joost Schalkwijk, Boris Keren, Pascal Laforêt, Valérie Jobic, Cecilia Jimenez-Mallebrera, Caterina Marques, Corinne Metay, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Raymond-Poincaré, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona], Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (Ciberer), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, and IRBio, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Handicap neuromusculaire : Physiopathologie, Biothérapie et Pharmacologies appliquées (END-ICAP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: PI16/00579, CP09/00011, This work was supported in part by grants from Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (grant number PI16/00579 and CP09/00011 for CJM and CB), and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), 'A way to achieve Europe'. CJM is indebted to the 'Biobanc de l'Hospital Infantil Sant Joan de Déu per a la Investigació' integrated in the Spanish Biobank Network of ISCIII for sample procurement'. We are grateful to Dr. Mónica Roldán (Confocal Microscopy Unit, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu) for her expert help with confocal image acquisition and analysis. We thank all the staff from Risler laboratory of the Myology Institute in Paris for the technical support., Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and CCSD, Accord Elsevier

Alicia K Heath, Eirini Kouloura, Pilar Amiano, Joseph A. Rothwell, Marta Crous-Bou, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Melissa A. Merritt, Julie A. Schmidt, Lucie Lécuyer, María José Sánchez, Rosario Tumino, Domenico Palli, Hector C. Keun, Marc J. Gunter, Roel Vermeulen, Matthias B. Schulze, Inger T. Gram, Laure Dossus, Amalia Mattiello, Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea, Sandra Colorado-Yohar, Therese Haugdahl Nøst, Ruth C. Travis, Gianluca Severi, Carlotta Sacerdote, Claudia Agnoli, Naomi E. Allen, Elisabete Weiderpass, Alexandros P. Siskos, Carine Biessy, Vivian Viallon, Renée T. Fortner, Rudolf Kaaks, Niki Dimou, Sofia Christakoudi, Sabina Rinaldi, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), Imperial College London, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), University of Hawai'i [Honolulu] (UH), Nuffield Department of Population Health [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), University Hospital of North Norway [Tromsø] (UNN), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, University of Potsdam, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, University of Granada [Granada], CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori [Milano], Provincial Health Authority (ASP 7) [Ragusa, Italy], University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Naples Federico II, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ, Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC, Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, APS, National Research Council, NRC, Imperial Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, ECMC, University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH, Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1, Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C19335/A21351, C8221/ A29017, World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, Cancerfonden, Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Vetenskapsrådet, VR, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC, Deutsche Krebshilfe, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC, This work was supported by Cancer Research UK (CRUK) (grant number C19335/A21351, to MJG and HK).The metabolomics infrastructure in the Division of Cancer, Imperial College London is supported by the Imperial College Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, the Imperial College Cancer Research UK Centre and the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (APS & HK). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sant? et de la Recherche M?dicale (INSERM) (France), German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition PotsdamRehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany), Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands), Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andaluc?a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Sk?ne and V?sterbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk, C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford). (United Kingdom)., The metabolomics infrastructure in the Division of Cancer, Imperial College London is supported by the Imperial College Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre , the Imperial College Cancer Research UK Centre and the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (APS & HK). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health , Imperial College London which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) . The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Ligue Contre le Cancer , Institut Gustave Roussy , Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale , Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds , Dutch Prevention Funds , Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) , Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands), Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias , Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra , and the Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society , Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK ( 14136 to EPIC-Norfolk, C8221/ A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council ( 1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, This work was supported by Cancer Research UK (CRUK) (grant number C19335/A21351 , to MJG and HK)., University of Oxford, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Azienda Ospedalerio - Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino = University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, HAL UVSQ, Équipe, Cancer Research UK, and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding

Carmen Gomez-Guerrero, Joel Sampedro, Patricia Bogdanov, Carmen Espejo, Jesús Egido, Ignacio Prieto, Cristina Solà-Adell, Marta García-Ramírez, Cristina Hernández, Rafael Simó, [Hernández C, Bogdanov P, Sampedro J, Solà-Adell C, García-Ramírez M, Simó R] Grup de Diabetis i Metabolisme, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Gómez-Guerrero C] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Lab, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundación Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain. Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain. [Espejo, C] Recerca en Neuroimmunologia clínica, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain., Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, and UAM. Departamento de Medicina

Simó Schwartz, Joaquin Seras-Franzoso, Anna Paradís Pérez, Ibane Abasolo, Petra Gener, Diego Arango, Luis Alamo Pindado, Yolanda Fernández, Glòria Casas, Diana Rafael, Zamira V. Díaz-Riascos, [Gener P, Seras-Franzoso J, Perez A, Pindado LA, Casas G] Direccionament i alliberament farmacològic, Nanomedicina Oncologia molecular (CIBBIM-Nanomedicina), Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain. [Rafael D] Direccionament i alliberament farmacològic, Nanomedicina Oncologia molecular (CIBBIM-Nanomedicina), Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain. Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Arango D] Investigació Biomèdica en Tumors de l'Aparell Digestiu, CIBBIM-Nanomedicina, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain. [Fernández Y] Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Àrea de Validació Funcional i Estudis Preclínics (FVPR), CIBBIM-Nanomedicina, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain. [Díaz-Riascos Z] Direccionament i alliberament farmacològic, Nanomedicina Oncologia molecular (CIBBIM-Nanomedicina), Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain. Àrea de Validació Funcional i Estudis Preclínics (FVPR), CIBBIM-Nanomedicina, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain. [Abasolo I, Schwartz S] Direccionament i alliberament farmacològic, Nanomedicina Oncologia molecular (CIBBIM-Nanomedicina), Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain. Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Àrea de Validació Funcional i Estudis Preclínics (FVPR), CIBBIM-Nanomedicina, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Francesc Rudilla, Clara Franco-Jarava, Mónica Martínez-Gallo, Marina Garcia-Prat, Andrea Martín-Nalda, Jacques Rivière, Aina Aguiló-Cucurull, Laura Mongay, Francisco Vidal, Xavier Solanich, Iñaki Irastorza, Juan Luis Santos-Pérez, Jesús Tercedor Sánchez, Ivon Cuscó, Clara Serra, Noelia Baz-Redón, Mónica Fernández-Cancio, Carmen Carreras, José Manuel Vagace, Vicenç Garcia-Patos, Ricardo Pujol-Borrell, Pere Soler-Palacín, Roger Colobran, [Rudilla F] Laboratori d'Immunogenètica i Histocompatibilitat, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain. Grup de Recerca en Medicina Transfusional, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Franco-Jarava C, Martínez-Gallo M, Aguiló-Cucurull A, Pujol-Borrell R] Recerca en Immunologia Diagnòstica, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Servei d’ Immunologia, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Departament de Biologia Cel•lular, de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Jeffrey Model Foundation Excellence Center, Barcelona, Spain. [Garcia-Prat M, Martín-Nalda A, Rivière J, Soler-Palacín P] Jeffrey Model Foundation Excellence Center, Barcelona, Spain. Infecció en el pacient pediàtric Immunodeprimit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Unitat de Patologia Infecciosa I Immunodeficiències de Pediatria (UPIIP), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Vidal F] Laboratori d'Immunogenètica i Histocompatibilitat, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain. Grup de Recerca en Medicina Transfusional, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. CIBER en Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovaculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Cuscó I, Serra C] Servei de Genètica, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. [Baz-Redón N] Grup de Recerca en Creixement i Desenvolupament, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Fernández-Cancio M] Grup de Recerca en Creixement i Desenvolupament, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. CIBER en Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Garcia-Patos V] Servei de Dermatologia, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. [Colobran R] Recerca en Immunologia Diagnòstica, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Servei d’ Immunologia, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Departament de Biologia Cel•lular, de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Jeffrey Model Foundation Excellence Center, Barcelona, Spain. Servei de Genètica, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Carolina López-Cano, Liliana Gutiérrez-Carrasquilla, Enric Sánchez, Jessica González, Andree Yeramian, Raquel Martí, Marta Hernández, Gonzalo Cao, Mercè Ribelles, Xavier Gómez, Silvia Barril, Ferran Barbé, Cristina Hernández, Rafael Simó, Albert Lecube, Institut Català de la Salut, [López-Cano C, Gutiérrez-Carrasquilla L, Sánchez E, Yeramian A, Martí R] Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group (ODIM), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain. [González J] Respiratory Department, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa María, Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Hernández C, Simó R] Grup Diabetis i Metabolisme, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Servei d’Endocrinologia i Nutrició. Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. Centro de Investigación en Red en Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Biagetti, Betina, Herance, José Raul, Ferrer-Costa, Roser, Aulinas, Anna, Palomino-Schätzlein, Martina, Mesa Manteca, Jordi, Castaño, Justo P., Luque, Raul M., Simó Canonge, Rafael, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, [Biagetti B, Mesa J, Simó R] Grup de Recerca en Diabetis i Metabolisme, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Universidat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Herance J.R.] Grup de Recerca en Imatge Mèdica Molecular, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Nanomedicina Oncologia molecular (CIBBIM-Nanomedicina), Barcelona, Spain. Networking Research Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Ferrer R] Servei de Bioquímica, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. [Aulinas A] Endocrinology Department, Hospital Universitari de Vic, Barcelona, Spain. [Palomino Schätzlein M] NMR Facility, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

F. Crispi, M. Sanz-Cortes, Irene Ribera, Silvia Arévalo, Joan Sanchez-de-Toledo, Rui V. Simões, J. M. Bartha, P. Dolader, L. Gómez-Roig, Elisa Llurba, O. Sánchez, Elena Carreras, E. Antolin, Lluis Cabero, Eduard Gratacós, N. Masoller, Elida Vazquez, Monica Cruz-Lemini, M. Perez-Cruz, E. Gómez-Montes, Laia Vega, A. Galindo, J. Martínez, O. Gómez, M. Comas, Hector Boix, Elisenda Eixarch, A. Ruiz, A. Montoliu, Queralt Ferrer, Institut Català de la Salut, [Ribera I, Ruiz A, Cruz-Lemini M, Arévalo S, Carreras E, Cabero L] Servei d'Obstetrícia, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Sánchez O] ] Servei d'Obstetrícia, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Salud Materno infantil y del Desarrollo (RETICS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Eixarch E] BCNatal, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain. [Antolín E] Salud Materno infantil y del Desarrollo (RETICS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. [Gómez-Montes E] Salud Materno infantil y del Desarrollo (RETICS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. Universidad Computense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Ferrer Q, Vega L, Dolader P] Servei de Cardiologia Pediàtrica, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Vázquez E] Servei de Radiologia Pediàtrica, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Montoliu A] Servei de Neuropsicologia, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. [Boix H] Servei de Pediatria, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Simó Canonge, Rafael, Bañeras, Jordi, Hernández, Cristina, Rodríguez-Palomares, José, Valente, Filipa, Gutierrez, Laura, González-Alujas, Teresa, Ferreira-Gonzalez, Ignacio, Aguadé-Bruix, Santiago, Montaner, Joan, Seron, Daniel, Genescà, J., Boixadera Espax, Anna, García Arumí, José, Planas, Alejandra, Simó-Servat, Olga, García-Dorado, David, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, [Planas A] Grup de Recerca en Diabetis i Metabolisme, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain. Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Simó R, Hernández C, Simó-Servat O] Grup de Diabetis i Metabolisme, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain. Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Bañeras J, Rodríguez-Palomares J, Valente F, Gutierrez L, González-Alujas T, Ferreira I, García-Dorado D] Grup de Recerca en Malalties Cardiovasculars, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovaculares (CIBER CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Aguadé-Bruix S] Àrea de Recerca Mèdica i Metabòlica, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain. Servei de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Montaner J] Recerca en Malalties Neurovasculars, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Seron D] Recerca en Nefrologia, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain. Servei de Nefrologia, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Red de Investigación Renal, (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Genescà J] Recerca en Malalties Hepàtiques, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain. Servei de Medicina Interna, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas, (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Boixadera A, García-Arumí J] Recerca en Oftalmologia, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Ortiz-Fernández, Lourdes, Carmona, F. David, Montes-Cano, Marco-Antonio, García-Lozano, José-Raúl, Conde-Jaldón, Marta, Ortego-Centeno, Norberto, Castillo, María Jesús, Espinosa, Gerard, Graña, Jenaro, Sánchez-Bursón, Juan, Juliá, María Rosa, Solans, Roser, Blanco, Ricardo, Barnosi-Marín, Ana-Celia, Gómez de la Torre, Ricardo, Fanlo, Patricia, Rodríguez-Carballeira, Mónica, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Luis, Camps i Miró, Teresa, Castañeda, Santos, Alegre-Sancho, Juan José, Martín, Javier, González-Escribano, María Francisca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, [Ortiz-Fernandez, Lourdes] Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio IBiS CSIC US, Dept Immunol, Seville 41013, Spain, [Montes-Cano, Marco-Antonio] Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio IBiS CSIC US, Dept Immunol, Seville 41013, Spain, [Garcia-Lozano, Jose-Raul] Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio IBiS CSIC US, Dept Immunol, Seville 41013, Spain, [Conde-Jaldon, Marta] Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio IBiS CSIC US, Dept Immunol, Seville 41013, Spain, [Francisca Gonzalez-Escribano, Maria] Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio IBiS CSIC US, Dept Immunol, Seville 41013, Spain, [Carmona, Francisco-David] PTS Granada, CSIC, Inst Parasitol & Biomed Lopez Neyra, Granada 18016, Spain, [Martin, Javier] PTS Granada, CSIC, Inst Parasitol & Biomed Lopez Neyra, Granada 18016, Spain, [Ortego-Centeno, Norberto] Hosp Clin San Cecilio, Dept Internal Med, Granada 18003, Spain, [Jesus Castillo, Maria] Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Dept Internal Med, Seville 41003, Spain, [Espinosa, Gerard] Hosp Univ Clin, Dept Autoimmune Dis, Barcelona 08036, Spain, [Grana-Gil, Genaro] Dept Rheumatol, Complejo Hosp Univ A Coruna, La Coruna 15006, Spain, [Sanchez-Burson, Juan] Hosp Univ Valme, Dept Rheumatol, Seville 41014, Spain, [Rosa Julia, Maria] Hosp Univ Son Espases, Dept Immunol, Palma de Mallorca 07120, Spain, [Solans, Roser] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Vall Hebron, Autoimmune Syst Dis Unit, Dept Internal Med, Barcelona 08035, Spain, [Blanco, Ricardo] Hosp Univ Marques Valdecilla, Dept Rheumatol, Santander 39008, Spain, [Barnosi-Marin, Ana-Celia] Dept Internal Med, Complejo Hosp Torrecardenas, Almeria 04009, Spain, [Gomez de la Torre, Ricardo] Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Dept Internal Med, Asturias 33011, Spain, [Fanlo, Patricia] Hosp Virgen Camino, Dept Internal Med, Pamplona 31008, Spain, [Rodriguez-Carballeira, Monica] Hosp Univ Mutua Terrassa, Dept Internal Med, Terrassa 08221, Spain, [Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Luis] Hosp Clin San Carlos, Dept Rheumatol, Madrid 28040, Spain, [Camps, Teresa] Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Dept Internal Med, Malaga 29010, Spain, [Castaneda, Santos] IIS Princesa, Hosp Princesa, Dept Rheumatol, Madrid 28006, Spain, [Alegre-Sancho, Juan-Jose] Hosp Univ Doctor Peset, Dept Rheumatol, Valencia 46017, Spain, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Fondos FEDER, Plan Andaluz de Investigacion, ISCIII, RETICS Program (RIER, ISCIII), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Junta de Andalucía, Red de Investigación en Inflamación y Enfermedades Reumáticas (España), [Ortiz-Fernández,L, Montes-Cano,MA, García-Lozano,JR, Conde-Jaldón,M, González-Escribano,MF] Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (IBiS, CSIC, US), Sevilla, Spain. [Carmona,FD, Martín,J] Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina 'López-Neyra', CSIC, Granada, Spain. [Ortego-Centeno,N] Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain. [Castillo,MJ] Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain. [Espinosa,G] Department Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Universitari Clínic, Barcelona, Spain. [Graña-Gil,G] Department of Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain. [Sánchez-Bursón,J] Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain. [Juliá,MR] Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. [Solans,R] Department of Internal Medicine, Autoimmune Systemic Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Blanco,R] Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain. [Barnosi-Marín,AC] Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Torrecárdenas, Almería, Spain. [Gómez de la Torre,R] Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Asturias, Spain. [Fanlo,P] Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Virgen del Camino, Pamplona, Spain. [Rodríguez-Carballeira,M] Deparment of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain. [Rodríguez-Rodríguez,L] Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. [Camps,T] Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [Castañeda,S] Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Madrid, Spain. [Alegre-Sancho,JJ] Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain., and This work was supported by Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, 13/01118), Fondos FEDER and Plan Andaluz de Investigación (CTS-0197). LOF is the recipient of a fellowship (ISCIII, FI11/00547) and FDC was funded by the RETICS Program (RIER, ISCIII, RD12/0009/0013).

José Ignacio Arias, Kira Yanowsky, Eduardo Andrés-León, Primitiva Menéndez, Ana Llaneza-Folgueras, Beatriz Martinez-Delgado, María Teresa Vargas, Ricardo González-Cámpora, Nerea Matamala, Rebeca Miñambres, Javier Benitez, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), [Matamala,N, Yanowsky,K, Benítez,J] Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. [Vargas,MT, González-Cámpora,R] Pathology Service, Hospital Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla, Spain. [Arias,JI, Menéndez,P]Surgery Service.Pathology Service, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain.[Andrés-León,E] Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. Bioinformatics Unit, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina 'López Neyra', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), Granada, Spain. [Llaneza-Folgueras,A] General Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España. [Miñambres,R] Projects Unit, Sistemas Genómicos, Valencia, Spain. [Martínez-Delgado,B] Molecular Genetics Unit, Research Institute of Rare Diseases (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.[Benítez.J] Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain. [Matamala,N] Molecular Genetics Unit, Research Institute of Rare Diseases (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Vargas,MT] Hematology Service, Hospital Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla, Spain., and The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (INNPRONTA LIFE project) and FIS PI11/01059 (BM-D).

Manuela M. Bergmann, Tammy Y.N. Tong, Anna Stubbendorff, Elisabeth H. M. Temme, Claudia Agnoli, Ulrika Ericson, Antonio Agudo, Mélanie Deschasaux, Elisabete Weiderpass, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Dagfinn Aune, Guri Skeie, Giovanna Masala, Torkjel M. Sandanger, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Gianluca Severi, Charlotta Rylander, Francesca Mancini, Miguel A. Rodríguez Barranco, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Paolo Vineis, Mathilde Touvier, Pietro Ferrari, Marc J. Gunter, Daniel B Ibsen, Jolanda M. A. Boer, María José Pérez, Inge Huybrechts, Matthias B. Schulze, Anika Knuppel, Keren Papier, Elio Riboli, Bernard Srour, Christina C. Dahm, Jessica E. Laine, Tilmann Kühn, Medical Research Council (MRC), Imperial College London, University of Bern, Centre international de Recherche sur le Cancer (CIRC), Bjørknes University College [Oslo, Norvège], Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], University of Potsdam, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke [Nuthetal, Germany] (GIHNP-R), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori [Milano], Lund University [Lund], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Espace régional de réflexion éthique de Normandie (EREN), Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública [Granada, Spain] (EASP), ibs.GRANADA Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria [Granada, Spain], Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), University of Granada [Granada], University of Oxford [Oxford], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la rete Oncologica [Florence, Italy] (ISPRO), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge [Barcelone] (IDIBELL), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, IARC, Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ, Wellcome Trust, WT: 205212/Z/16/Z, National Research Council, NRC, University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH, Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1, MR/M501669/1, Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C8221/A29017, World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, Cancerfonden, Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Vetenskapsrådet, VR, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC, Deutsche Krebshilfe, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC, The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by IARC and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre. The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, INSERM (France), German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, Netherlands Cancer Registry, LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund, Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands), Health Research Fund - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk, C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (MRC, 1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford, UK). JEL was supported by an MRC Early Career Fellowship (MR/M501669/1). We acknowledge the Netherlands Cancer Registry and Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands) for contributions to data acquisition. KP and AK are supported by the Wellcome Trust (Livestock, Environment and People, LEAP, grant number 205212/Z/16/Z). We acknowledge Corinne Casagrande and Genevieve Nicolas who assisted in the matching of the dietary intake data with the Greenhouse Gas and Landuse data. We also acknowledge Bertrand Hemon for database compilation and Carine Biessy for her contribution to the sensitivity analyses. Where authors are identified as personnel of the IARC or WHO, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this Article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy, or views of the IARC or WHO., Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale, INSERM (France), Health Research Fund - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Regional Governments of Andaluc?a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Sk?ne and V?sterbotten (Sweden), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DifE), Leibniz Association, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Nuffield Department of Population Health [Oxford], University of Oxford, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), European Commission (DG-SANCO), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), MRC Early Career Fellowship (MR/M501669/1), and HAL UVSQ, Équipe

Mieke Boon, Antonio Moreno-Galdó, Jane S. Lucas, Kim G. Nielsen, Bernhard Rindlisbacher, Woolf T. Walker, June K. Marthin, Bernard Maitre, Phil Robinson, Huda Mussaffi, Vendula Martinu, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Heymut Omran, Amparo Escribano, Gemma Marsh, Helle Krogh Johansen, Ernst Eber, Claire Hogg, Damien M.S. Destouches, Carmen Casaulta, Petr Pohunek, Eric G. Haarman, Deborah Snijders, Suzanne Crowley, Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, Institut Català de la Salut, [Marthin JK] Danish PCD Centre Copenhagen, Paediatric Pulmonary Service, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Lucas JS] Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. [Boon M] Dept of Paediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium. [Casaulta C] Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children’s Hospital, Bern, Switzerland. [Crowley S] Paediatric Dept of Allergy and Lung Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. [Destouches DMS] Association des Patients Ayant une Dyskinésie Ciliaire Primitive, Limeil-Brevannes, France. [Moreno-Galdó A] Servei de Pediatria, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Marly Augusto Cardoso, Zhi-Hui Song, Xingyao Tang, Jian-Bo Zhou, Jin-Kui Yang, Rafael Simó, Dawei Wang, Institut Català de la Salut, [Tang X] Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. [Song ZH] Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. [Wang D] General Practice Department, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. [Yang J, Zhou JB] Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. [Augusto Cardoso M] Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Simó R] Servei d’Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Unitat de Recerca en Diabetis i Metabolisme, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Gracia M. Quintana-Navarro, Raúl M. Luque, Jose M. Ordovas, Pablo Perez-Martinez, Oriol A. Rangel-Zuñiga, Juan F. Alcala-Diaz, Yelizaveta Krylova, Francisco Gomez-Delgado, Antonio Camargo, Ana Leon-Acuña, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Javier Delgado-Lista, Cristina Vals-Delgado, Regional Government of Andalusia (España), Centro de Excelencia en Investigación sobre Aceite de Oliva y Salud, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino (España), Fundación Patrimonio Comunal Olivarero, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, United States Department of Agriculture, Junta de Andalucía, Diputaciones de Jaén, Diputaciones de Jaén y Córdoba, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino, Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII

Oriol A. Rangel-Zuñiga, Alicia Podadera-Herreros, Julia Sánchez-Ceinos, María M. Malagón, Juan F. Alcala-Diaz, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Mercedes Clemente-Postigo, Rocío Guzmán-Ruiz, Antonio Camargo, [Sanchez-Ceinos, Julia] Univ Cordoba, Dept Cell Biol Physiol & Immunol, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Maimonides Biomed Res Inst Cordoba IMIBIC, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain, [Clemente-Postigo, Mercedes] Univ Cordoba, Dept Cell Biol Physiol & Immunol, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Maimonides Biomed Res Inst Cordoba IMIBIC, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain, [Podadera-Herreros, Alicia] Univ Cordoba, Dept Cell Biol Physiol & Immunol, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Maimonides Biomed Res Inst Cordoba IMIBIC, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain, [Guzman-Ruiz, Rocio] Univ Cordoba, Dept Cell Biol Physiol & Immunol, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Maimonides Biomed Res Inst Cordoba IMIBIC, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain, [Malagon, Maria M.] Univ Cordoba, Dept Cell Biol Physiol & Immunol, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Maimonides Biomed Res Inst Cordoba IMIBIC, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain, [Sanchez-Ceinos, Julia] Inst Salud Carlos III ISCIII, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBEROBN, Madrid 28029, Spain, [Rangel-Zuniga, Oriol A.] Inst Salud Carlos III ISCIII, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBEROBN, Madrid 28029, Spain, [Podadera-Herreros, Alicia] Inst Salud Carlos III ISCIII, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBEROBN, Madrid 28029, Spain, [Camargo, Antonio] Inst Salud Carlos III ISCIII, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBEROBN, Madrid 28029, Spain, [Francisco Alcala-Diaz, Juan] Inst Salud Carlos III ISCIII, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBEROBN, Madrid 28029, Spain, [Guzman-Ruiz, Rocio] Inst Salud Carlos III ISCIII, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBEROBN, Madrid 28029, Spain, [Lopez-Miranda, Jose] Inst Salud Carlos III ISCIII, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBEROBN, Madrid 28029, Spain, [Malagon, Maria M.] Inst Salud Carlos III ISCIII, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBEROBN, Madrid 28029, Spain, [Rangel-Zuniga, Oriol A.] Univ Cordoba, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Unit, Dept Internal Med, IMIBIC,Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain, [Camargo, Antonio] Univ Cordoba, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Unit, Dept Internal Med, IMIBIC,Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain, [Francisco Alcala-Diaz, Juan] Univ Cordoba, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Unit, Dept Internal Med, IMIBIC,Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain, [Lopez-Miranda, Jose] Univ Cordoba, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Unit, Dept Internal Med, IMIBIC,Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades/FEDER, Consejeria de Salud y Bienestar Social/Junta de Andalucia/FEDER, Plan Propio de Investigacion de la Universidad de Cordoba, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)/FEDER, postdoctoral grant Juan de la Cierva Formacion from the MICINN (Spain), European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund 'Investing in your future', and Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad/Junta de Andalucia/FEDER

Johanne Silvain, Manuel Martínez-Sellés, Reality Investigators, Gonzalo Calvo, Eric Vicaut, Nicolas Danchin, Cristina Avendaño-Solá, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Gregory Ducrocq, Joan Albert Arnaiz, Alexandra Rousseau, José Ramón González-Juanatey, Carma Karam, Marine Cachanado, Tabassome Simon, Etienne Puymirat, Gilles Lemesle, Isabelle Durand-Zaleski, Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS (UMR_S_1148 / U1148)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, University of Barcelona, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Institut Coeur Poumon [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), CEREST-TC [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé PI15/01543 Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII Novartis AstraZeneca France Boehringer Ingelheim Pfizer Merck, The study is funded via a grant from the Programme de Recherche Médico‐Economique (PRME) from the French Ministry of Health, and a grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness), Grant n° PI15/01543., Editorial support was provided by Jenny Lloyd and Sophie Rushton‐Smith, MedLink Healthcare Communications, London, and was funded by the Programme de Recherche Medico‐Economique (PRME) from the Health Ministry in France., Dr Steg reports grants and nonfinancial support (cochair of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial, as such, he received no personal fees, but his institution has received funding for the time he has devoted to trial coordination, and he has received support for travel related to trial meetings) from Sanofi, research grants and personal fees from Bayer (Steering Committee MARINER, grant for epidemiological study), Merck (speaker fees, grant for epidemiological studies), Sanofi (cochair of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial, cochair of the SCORED trial, consulting, speaking), Servier (Chair of the CLARIFY registry, grant for epidemiological research), and Amarin (executive steering committee for the REDUCE‐IT trial [Disease Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl‐Intervention Trial], consulting), and and personal fees from Amgen, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Novartis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Lilly, and AstraZeneca. Dr Steg also has a European application number/patent number, issued on 26 October 2016 (no. 15712241.7), for a method for reducing cardiovascular risk.

Jesús Fortún, Pilar Martín-Dávila, Manuel Cuenca-Estrella, Maria Alvarez, Elia Gomez-García de la Pedrosa, Francesca Gioia, Alicia Gomez-Lopez, Santiago Moreno, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Redes Tematicas de Investigacion Cooperativa en Salud (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa, European Regional Development Fund, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII, and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER)

Iglesias, M.J., Ibarz, D., Cebollada, A., Comín, J., Jiménez, M.S., Vázquez, M.C., Samper, S., Cabezas, T., Reyes, A., Ruiz, I., García, P., López, M.D., Cardeñoso, L., de la Calle, I.J., Ruiz, P., Alados, J.C., Román, J., Villa-Real, R., Saavedra, J., Amores, C., Bermúdez, P., Sánchez, M.A., Montiel, N., Bernal, S., Lepe, J.A., Batista, N., Roldán, E., Torres, L., Navarro, C., Chocarro, P., Aldea, M.J., Viñuelas, J., Vitoria, M.A., Palacios, J.J., Villar, H., Prendes, P., Blanco, M., Vázquez, F., Telenti, M., Sánchez, I., Carbo, L., Escobar, S., Ramírez, A., Gallegos, C., Pérez, M.C., Lecuona, M., Díez, O., Copado, R., Campos, I., Cañas, F., Salas, C., Fernández, C., Roíz, M.P., Barba, I., Manrique, E., Carranza, R., Maroto, A.S., González, A., Rodríguez, E., Martino, V., Sánchez, C., Martínez, C., Robles, P., Simarro, E., Romero, C., López, R., Blanco, M.D., Nebreda, T., Rodríguez, J., Fernández, J.M., Álvarez, E., Jaime, M.L., Tejero, M.D., Alberte, A., Oteda, E., Megías, G., Labayru, C., Ibáñez, R., Campos, A., Carrero, P., Villó, J.M., Sans, T., Pujol, I., Clivillé, X., Castellví, J.B., de Batlle, J., Mariscal, D., Prat, C., García, M., Alcalde, F., Gallén, C., Sauca, G., Cuchi, E., Alonso, C., Corcoy, F., Schmidt, G., Tortola, M.T., Garduño, E., Moreno, J.J., Hernández, P., Montes, I., Roman, J., Alonso, P., Rodríguez, A., Barbeyto, L., Fernández, B., Domínguez, D., Villanueva, R., Iglesias, I., Vasallo, F.J., Sevillano, J., Pascual, A., Pérez del Molino, M.L., Ugalde, E., Dopereiro, R., Cuadros, J.A., Pelayo, I., Cacho, J., Cogollos, R., Páez, M., Prieto, S., Fernández, R., López, P., Domingo, D., Millán, R., Bonilla, I., Merino, P., Toro, C., Ruiz, M.J., Menéndez, M., Romero, P., Tato, M., Simón, M., Urmeneta, A., Delgado, A., García, L., Cobos, J., Merino, J., Aznar, E., Piqueras, J., Navarro, M.D., Artero, J.M., Navascués, A., Gil, A., Leiva, J., Elorduy, L., Urra, E., Idígoras, P., Pérez-Trallero, E., Canut, A., Barrios, J.L., Michans, L., Ayarza, R., García, F., Unzaga, M.J., Navarro, M., Gonzalo, N., Martín, C., Gimeno, A., Elia, M., Sabater, S., Rodríguez, J.C., Santos, M., Bosque, M., López, J., Tabernero, E., Galán, M.I., Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII, and Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Emilio Camafeita, Alberto Alcázar, Emma Martínez-Alonso, Paula Alcázar, Gloria Ruiz-Roso, Milagros Fernández-Lucas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII, and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER)

Carla Segovia-Saiz, Esther González-María, Erica Briones-Vozmediano, Montserrat Gea-Sánchez, Roland Pastells-Peiró, Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII, and Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Antonio Pérez-Pérez, Esther Santamaría-López, Nicolás Prados, Manuel Fernández-Sánchez, Teresa Vilariño-García, Víctor Sánchez-Margalet, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Cirugía, FEDER Funds, and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)

Tamera Barrett, Julie Cavanagh-Kyros, Francisco Javier Cubero, Fátima Sánchez-Cabo, Davide Seruggia, Roger J. Davis, Laura Esteban-Lafuente, Chaobo Chen, Elisa Manieri, Maria J. Monte, María Elena Rodríguez, Guadalupe Sabio, Luis Leiva-Vega, Cintia Folgueira, Manuel Gómez, Alejandro Rosell, Jose J.G. Marin, Alfonso Mora, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER), European Commission, European Research Council, Fundación BBVA, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Fundación Científica AECC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII, Fundación ProCNIC, National Institutes of Health (United States), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), La Caixa, Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, AMMF - The Cholangiocarcinoma Charity, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, National Institutes of Health (US), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Fundación Severo Ochoa, Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea, Comunidad de Madrid (España), and National Institutes of Health (Estados Unidos)

Pietro Ferrari, Fulvio Ricceri, Christina C. Dahm, Kim Overvad, Sabina Sieri, Elisabete Weiderpass, Eleni Peppa, María José Sánchez, Leila Luján Barroso, Marta Solans Margalef, Matthias B. Schulze, Federico Canzian, Giovanna Masala, Florentin Spaeth, Dagfinn Aune, Roel Vermeulen, Tilman Kühn, Delphine Casabonne, Karin Jirstom, Anna Karakatsani, José María Huerta, Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Paul Brennan, Cecilie Kyrø, Mats Jerkeman, Caroline Besson, Pilar Amiano Exezarreta, Virginia Menéndez, Elio Riboli, Julie A. Schmidt, Rosario Tumino, Sairah L.F. Chen, Marc J. Gunter, Eva Ardanaz, Antonia Trichopoulou, Alexandra Nieters, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Anne Tjønneland, Fatemeh Saberi Hosnijeh, Sabine Naudin, Salvatore Panico, Centre international de Recherche sur le Cancer (CIRC), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), Direction Générale de la Compétitivité, de l’Industrie et des Services, DGCIS Food Standards Agency, FSA Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C864/A14136, C8221/A19170, C570/A16491 RD06/0020 Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UCBL Wellcome Trust, WT Ligue Contre le Cancer 6236 German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Department of Health, Australian Government Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Greece Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS British Heart Foundation, BHF Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII National Research Council, NRC Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Hellenic Health Foundation, HHF Stroke Association Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Fondation Gustave Roussy European Commission, EC Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, IARC Deutsche Krebshilfe Cancerfonden World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF Stavros Niarchos Foundation, SNF Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé: GR‐IARC‐2003‐09‐12‐01 Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1, MR/N003284/1, MC‐UU_12015/1, We thank Carine Biessy and Bertrand Hemon for their technical support and contribution to this work. We are also grateful to all the EPIC participants who have been part of the project and to the many other members of the study teams who have enabled this research. This work was supported by the Direction Générale de la Santé (French Ministry of Health, Grant GR‐IARC‐2003‐09‐12‐01), by the European Commission (Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by the Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), the Ligue Contre le Cancer, the Institut Gustave Roussy, the Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale and the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (France), the Deutsche Krebshilfe, the Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), the Hellenic Health Foundation, the Stavros Niarchos Foundation and the Hellenic Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity (Greece), the Italian Association for Research on Cancer and the National Research Council (Italy), the Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, the Netherlands Cancer Registry, LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, the Dutch Zorg Onderzoek Nederland, the World Cancer Research Fund and Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands), the Health Research Fund, Regional Governments of Andalucýa, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (project 6236) and Navarra, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Redes de Investigacion Cooperativa (RD06/0020, Spain), the Swedish Cancer Society, the Swedish Scientific Council and the Regional Government of Skåne (Sweden), Cancer Research UK (C864/A14136 to EPIC‐Norfolk, C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC‐Oxford), Medical Research Council (MR/N003284/1 and MC‐UU_12015/1 to EPIC‐Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC‐Oxford, and United Kingdom), the Stroke Association, the British Heart Foundation, the Department of Health, the Food Standards Agency and the Wellcome Trust (UK). This work was part of Sabine Naudin's PhD at Claude Bernard Lyon I University (France), funded by Région Auvergne Rhône‐Alpes, ADR 2016 (France).

Nicolás Olea, Mariana F. Fernández, Fatima Smagulova, Antonio Mundo-López, Alicia Olivas-Martínez, F. Vela-Soria, Vicente Mustieles, Andrea Rodríguez-Carrillo, Shereen Cynthia D'Cruz, Carmen Freire, Arthur David, Iris Reina-Pérez, Juan P. Arrebola, University of Granada [Granada], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial [UPM, Spain] (DIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), CD17/00212, PT17/0019, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, MECD: FPU 16/03011, FPU 17/01848, RYC-2016-20155, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: CP16/00085, FIS-PI17/01526, Universidad de Granada, UGR, European Regional Development Fund, ERDF: MS16/00085, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España, MINECO, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Département des sciences en santé environnementale (DEESSE), and Chard-Hutchinson, Xavier

Matthias B. Schulze, Vittorio Krogh, Rosario Tumino, Nita G. Forouhi, Christina C. Dahm, Kim Overvad, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Angela M. Wood, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Guri Skeie, Laura Johnson, Fumiaki Imamura, Ivonne Sluijs, José R Quirós, Elisabete Weiderpass, Nicholas J. Wareham, Timothy J. Key, Adam S. Butterworth, Giovanna Masala, Alicia K Heath, Albert Koulman, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, Inge Huybrechts, John Danesh, Stephen J. Sharp, Salvatore Panico, Carlotta Sacerdote, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Olle Melander, Rudolf Kaaks, Elio Riboli, Tammy Y.N. Tong, María José Sánchez, Rajiv Chowdhury, Ju-Sheng Zheng, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, W M Monique Verschuren, Marinka Steur, Ingegerd Johansson, Heiner Boeing, Anne Tjønneland, Carmen Santiuste, Antonia Trichopoulou, Maria Wennberg, Jolanda M. A. Boer, Marcela Guevara, Cecilie Kyrø, Raul Zamora-Ros, Liher Imaz, Tilman Kühn, Marianne Uhre Jakobsen, Ulrika Ericson, Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, G0800270, MR/L003120/1, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ, Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC, Merck Sharp and Dohme, MSD, Seventh Framework Programme, FP7: HEALTH-F2-2012-279233, National Research Council, NRC, University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH, Medical Research Council, MRC: MC_UU_00006/1, National Institute for Health Research, NIHR, British Heart Foundation, BHF: RG/18/13/33946, RG13/13/30194, SP/09/002, Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C8221/A29017, MR/M012190/1, World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF, Imperial College London, European Research Council, ERC: 268834, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, Cancerfonden, Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Vetenskapsrådet, VR, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, European Social Fund, ESF, Sixth Framework Programme, FP6: LSHM_CT_2006_037197, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC, Deutsche Krebshilfe, Akademi Sains Malaysia, ASM: MR/P013880/1, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, NIHR BRC: BRC-1215-20014, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC, Hellenic Health Foundation, HHF: CP15/00100, IS-BRC-1215-20014, MC_UU_00006/3, Dr Danesh reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Merck Sharp & Dohme, grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Novartis, grants from Pfizer, and grants from AstraZeneca outside the submitted work. He is member of the International Cardiovascular and Metabolic Advisory Board for Novartis (since 2010), the Steering Committee of UK Biobank (since 2011), the MRC International Advisory Group (ING) member, London (since 2013), the MRC High Throughput Science ‘Omics Panel Member, London (since 2013), the Scientific Advisory Committee for Sanofi (since 2013), the International Cardiovascular and Metabolism Research and Development Portfolio Committee for Novartis, and the Astra Zeneca Genomics Advisory Board (2018). Dr Butterworth reports grants outside of this work from AstraZeneca, Biogen, BioMarin, Bioverativ, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi and personal fees from Novartis. The remaining authors have no disclosures to report., EPIC-CVD was supported by the European Commission Framework Programme 7 (HEALTH-F2-2012-279233), and the European Research Council (268834). The coordinating center was supported by core funding from the: United Kingdom MRC (G0800270, MR/L003120/1), British Heart Foundation (BHF) (SP/09/002, RG13/13/30194, RG/18/13/33946), and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (BRC-1215-20014).* The establishment of the study subcohort was supported by the European Union Sixth Framework Programme (grant LSHM_CT_2006_037197 to the InterAct project) and the MRC Epidemiology Unit (grant MC_UU_00006/1). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, which has additional infrastructure support provided by NIHR Imperial BRC. The national cohorts are supported by: Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (France), German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, Netherlands Cancer Registry, LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Zorg Onderzoek Nederland, World Cancer Research Fund, Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands), Health Research Fund– Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk, C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), MRC (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). EPIC-Greece was supported by the Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece). M.S., N.J.W., N.G.F., and F.I. acknowledge support from MRC Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_00006/1 and MC_UU_00006/3). N.J.W. and N.G.F. acknowledge support from NIHR* Cambridge BRC: Nutrition, Diet, and Lifestyle Research Theme (IS-BRC-1215-20014) and NGF is a NIHR Senior Investigator Award holder. M.S. was also supported by BHF for part of this work while working in the BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. R.Z.-R. thanks the 'Miguel Servet' program (CP15/00100) from the Institute of Health Carlos III (co-funded by the European Social Fund–European Social Fund Investing in Your Future). A.W. was supported by a BHF-Turing Cardiovascular Data Science Award and by the European Commission-Innovative Medicines Initiative (BigData@Heart). R.C. was funded by a MRC-Newton project grant to study genetic risk factors of cardiovascular disease among Southeast Asian people and the Academy of Sciences Malaysia (grant no. MR/P013880/1) and a United Kingdom Research and Innovation-Global Challenges Research Fund Project Grant to study risk factors of noncommunicable diseases in Bangladesh. J.D. holds a BHF Professorship and a NIHR Senior Investigator Award., Steur, Marinka [0000-0002-9028-0290], Imamura, Fumiaki [0000-0002-6841-8396], Key, Timothy J [0000-0003-2294-307X], Chowdhury, Rajiv [0000-0003-4881-5690], Guevara, Marcela [0000-0001-9242-6364], Jakobsen, Marianne U [0000-0001-6518-4136], Johansson, Ingegerd [0000-0002-9227-8434], Weiderpass, Elisabete [0000-0003-2237-0128], Boer, Jolanda MA [0000-0002-9714-4304], Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine [0000-0002-5956-5693], Heath, Alicia K [0000-0001-6517-1300], Huybrechts, Inge [0000-0003-3838-855X], Imaz, Liher [0000-0002-3777-4953], Masala, Giovanna [0000-0002-5758-9069], Zamora-Ros, Raul [0000-0002-6236-6804], Perez-Cornago, Aurora [0000-0002-5652-356X], Tong, Tammy YN [0000-0002-0284-8959], Wareham, Nicholas J [0000-0003-1422-2993], Forouhi, Nita G [0000-0002-5041-248X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Olga Simó-Servat, Hugo Ramos, Patricia Bogdanov, Jordi Huerta, Cristina Hernández, Rafael Simó, Institut Català de la Salut, [Simó R, Bogdanov P, Ramos H, Simó-Servat O, Hernández C] Unitat de Recerca en Diabetis i Metabolisme, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain. [Huerta J] Unitat de Recerca en Diabetis i Metabolisme, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Emilio González Parra, Sebastian Mas, José Luis Morgado-Pascual, Alberto Ruiz Priego, Sandra Rayego-Mateos, Marta Ruiz-Ortega, [Priego,AR, Parra,EG, Mas,S] Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM/IRSIN, Madrid, Spain. [Morgado-Pascual,JL] Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. [Ruiz-Ortega,M, Rayego-Mateos,S] Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid Faculty of Medicine, Madrid, Spain., This work was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Fondos FEDER European Union (PI17/00119, PI20/00140, DTS20/00083, PI16/01298, Red de Investi gación Renal REDINREN: RD16/0009 to M.R-O), Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid FEDER-a way to build Europe (B2017/BMD-3751 NOVELREN-CM to M.R-O), Juan de la Cierva incorporacion grant: IJC2018-035187-I to S.R-M, Juan de la Cierva de Formacion grant: FJC2019-042028-I to J.M-P and Fundacion Conchita Rabago grant to A.R.P, 'Convocatoria Dinamización Europa Investigación 2019' MINECO (EIN2019-103294 to M.R-O and SR-M), and Innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 (IMProve-PD ID: 812699) to M.R-O and Sociedad Española de Nefrologia to S.R-M

Isabel Cornejo-Pareja, Gracia M. Martin-Nuñez, Mercedes Clemente-Postigo, Francisco J. Tinahones, [Martin-Nuñez,GM, Cornejo-Pareja,I, Tinahones,FJ] Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición (Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [Martin-Nuñez,GM, Clemente-Postigo,M, Tinahones,FJ] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. [Clemente-Postigo,M] Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology. Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)-Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain., GMM-N was supported by a Juan de la Cierva, Formación contract (FJCI-2017-34349, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, and Spain). MC-P was recipient of a postdoctoral

Benjamin F. Cravatt, David G. Stouffer, Marisa Roberto, Ilham Polis, Rémi Martin-Fardon, Loren H. Parsons, Antonia Serrano, Francisco Javier Pavón, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, [Pavón,FJ, Polis,IY, Stouffer,DG, Roberto,M, Martin-Fardon,R, Parsons,LH, Serrano,A] Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. [Pavón,FJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca,F, Serrano,A] Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain. [Pavón,FJ] CIBERCV-Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Unidad de Gestión Clínica del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain. [Cravatt,BF] Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA., This work was supported by the following funding sources and grants: the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA020404, AA022249, AA024146 and AA026999 to RMF, AA006420 to RMF and MR, AA017447 and AA015566 to MR), Pearson Center for Alcoholism and Addiction Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and European Regional Development Funds-European Union (ERDF-EU) [Subprograma RETICS Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RD16/0017/0001), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PI16/01953, PI16/01698, PI17/02026, PI19/01577 and PI19/00886)], Ministerio de Sanidad and Delegacion ´ del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (PND2017/ 043, PND2018/044 and PND2018/033), and and Junta de Andalucía and ERDF-EU [Consejería de Economía, Innovacion ´ y Ciencia (CTS-433 and CTS-1052) and Servicio Andaluz de Salud (C1-0049-2019)]. AS and FJP hold a 'Miguel Servet' research contract funded by ISCIII and ERDF-EU (CPII19/00031 and CPII19/00022, respectively). This is article number 29846 from The Scripps Research Institute.

Julie A. Chowen, Jesús Aranda, Patricia Rivera, Lourdes Sánchez-Salido, Rubén Tovar, Antonio Vargas, Juan Suárez, Laura González-González, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, [Tovar,R, Vargas,A, Aranda,J, Sánchez-Salido,L, González-González,L, Rodríguez de Fonseca,F, Suárez,J, Rivera,P] Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain. [Tovar,R, Rivera,P] UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [Tovar,R, Aranda,J] Andalucia Tech, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [Chowen,JA] Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica la Princesa, Fundación Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain. [Chowen,JA] CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. [Chowen,JA] IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain. [Suárez,J] Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain., This research was funded by European Regional Development Funds-European Union (ERDF-EU) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), grant numbers CP19/00068 and PI19/00343, and Consejería de Economía, Conocimien to y Universidad, Junta de Andalucía, grant number P18-TP 5194. J.S. (CPII17/00024) holds a 'Miguel Servet II' research contract from the National System of Health, EU-ERDF-ISCIII. P.R. (CP19/00068) holds a 'Miguel Servet I' research contract from the National System of Health, ISCIII (CD19/00068), co-funded by ESF ('Investing in your future').

Stuart J. Pocock, Nicolas Danchin, Stephen W.L. Lee, Yong Huo, Jesús Medina, Héctor Bueno, Xavier Rossello, Frans Van de Werf, Chee Tang Chin, Fundación AstraZeneca, Fundación ProCNIC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII, and Novartis Farmaceutica S.A.

Juan Antonio Navarro, Cristina Rosell-Valle, Antonio J. López-Gambero, Carlos Sanjuan, Patricia Rivera, Antonio Vargas, Juan Suárez, Dina Medina-Vera, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, [López-Gambero,AJ, Rosell-Valle,C, Medina-Vera,D, Navarro,JA, Vargas,A, Rivera,P, Rodríguez de Fonseca,F, Suárez,J] Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain. [López-Gambero,AJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca,F] UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [López-Gambero,AJ, Medina-Vera,D] Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucia Tech, Málaga, Spain. [Medina-Vera,D, Suárez,J] Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucia Tech, Málaga, Spain. [Medina-Vera,D] UGC Corazón, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain. [Sanjuan,C] EURONUTRA S.L, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Campanillas, Spain. [Suárez,J] Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain, This research was funded by the European Regional Development Funds-European Union (ERDF-EU) and Fatzheimer project EULAC-HEALTH H2020, grant number EULACH16/T010131, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España, grant number RTC-2016-4983-1, EU-ERDF and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), grant numbers PI19/01577 and PI19/00343, Ministerio de Sanidad, Delegación de Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas, grant numbers 2019/040 and 2020/048, and Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Junta de Andalucía, grant number P18-TP-5194. J.S. (CPII17/00024) holds a 'Miguel Servet II' research contract from the National System of Health, EU-ERDF-ISCIII. P.R. (CP19/00068) holds a 'Miguel Servet I' research contract from the National System of Health, EU-ERDF-ISCIII. D.M-V. (FI20/00227) holds a 'PFIS' predoctoral contract from the National System of Health, EU-ERDF-ISCIII. A.J.L.-G. (IFI18/00042) holds an 'iPFIS' predoctoral contract from the National System of Health, EU-ERDF-ISCIII.

Paolo Nanni, Teresa Mendes Maia, Mariette Matondo, Eduard Sabidó, Francis Impens, Karl Mechtler, Karel Stejskal, Anna Shevchenko, Damarys Loew, Dominic Helm, Thibaut Douché, Cristina Chiva, Mandy Rettel, Christian Panse, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent, Belgium, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie – Mass Spectrometry for Biology (UTechS MSBio), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie [Paris], European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI) - Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, The CRG/UPF Proteomics Unit is part of the Spanish Infrastructure for Omics Technologies (ICTS OmicsTech) and it is a member of the ProteoRed PRB3 consortium which is supported by grant PT17/0019 of the PE I + D+i 2013-2016 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and ERDF. We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 'Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013-2017', SEV-2012- 0208, and 'Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya' (2017SGR595). The VIB Proteomics Core acknowledges support from the VIB Tech Watch Fund and FWO-SBO Project S006617N. Research in the Mechtler lab was supported by the ERA-CAPS I 3686 project of the Austrian Science Fund. We acknowledge support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 823839 (EPIC-XS)., European Project: 823839,H2020-INFRAIA-2018-1,EPIC-XS(2019), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Zurich, Nanni, Paolo, Shevchenko, Anna, and Sabidó, Eduard

Mª. Isabel Prieto, Héctor Peinado, Daniel Pastor-Morate, Carmen Poves, Javier Rodríguez-Cobos, D. Viñal, Nuria Rodríguez-Salas, Gemma Domínguez, Rodrigo Barderas, María Jesús Fernández-Aceñero, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER), UAM. Departamento de Bioquímica, Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII

Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, Emilio Fernández-Espejo, Joan Berenguer, Juan Suárez, Dolores Vilas, Iban Aldecoa, Eduardo Tolosa, Fátima Damas-Hermoso, [Fernández-Espejo,E] Reial Acadèmia de Medicina de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. [Fernández-Espejo,E] Red Andaluza de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional en Neurología (Neuro-RECA), Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain. [Rodríguez de Fonseca,F] Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain. [Suárez,J] Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, IBIMA, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [Tolosa,E] Unidad de Parkinson y movimientos anormales, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona. [Tolosa,E] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. [Tolosa,E] Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Vilas,D] Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain. [Aldecoa,I] Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Departamento de Patología, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Aldecoa,I] Banco de Tejidos Neurológicos del Biobanco, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. [Berenguer,J] Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain. [Damas-Hermoso.F] Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain, This work was supported by grants to E.F.-E. from Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Spain (ref. BIO127, PAIDI), and Sociedad Andaluza de Neurología (ref. SUBAIA2015/006), to F.R.d.F. from European Regional Development Funds-European Union (ERDF-EU) and EULAC-HEALTH H2020 FATZHEIMER Project (EULACH16/T010131), RETICS Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, and ERDF-EU (RD16/0017/0001), and ISCIII, ERDF-EU (PI19/01577), and as well as to J.S. from Ministerio de Sanidad, Delegación de Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (PND 2019/040). J.S. (CPII17/00024) holds 'Miguel Servet II' research contracts from the National System of Health, ISCIII, ERDF-EU.