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A 62-year-old woman with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 cell lymphoma developed heart failure after mogamulizumab, an immunotherapy agent. Clinical presentation and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were consistent with myocarditis, and a recurrence of heart failure occurred after rechallenge with the therapy. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.), Central Illustration

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:01:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Aim: To test the importance of evolutionary and biogeographical processes in shaping the assembly of local frog communities in two adjacent regions (hereafter, coastal and inland regions) with different historical signatures. We asked two main questions: (1) why does the coastal region harbour more frog species than the inland region? and (2) how do these processes affect the spatial variation in taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversities within and across these regions?. Location: southeastern Brazil. Taxon: Anurans. Methods: We generated time-calibrated phylogenies to estimate the relative timing of colonization, rates of speciation, extinction and dispersal between regions. We tested the phylogenetic signal in reproductive modes. These traits were also used to examine variation in functional composition across sites. We calculated metrics of phylogenetic community structure that capture the relationships near the root and tips of the tree. Finally, we tested the relationships between the spatial variation of multiple diversity dimensions and topographic complexity, Pleistocene and contemporary climate gradients for three spatial extents: (1) only coastal sites; (2) only inland sites; and (3) the two regions combined. Results: The structure of communities was related to the region in which they are located, with regional pool size being two times greater for the coastal than inland region. This pattern seems to reflect both a higher speciation rate and earlier colonization time in the coastal than in the inland region. Reproductive modes within frog genera were less variable than among families, indicating phylogenetic signal. This pattern influenced local community assembly within the inland region due to the absence of species with direct development, tadpoles in bromeliads or eggs and tadpoles in streams in this region. Main conclusions: Macroevolutionary dynamics, such as colonization time, differences in speciation rates and niche conservatism generate the disparity in species richness and assembly patterns of local communities between regions, but not within regions, in which local communities were more similar to each other. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais Universidade Federal de São Carlos Laboratório de Herpetologia Universidade Federal do Ceará Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Mato Grosso do Sul Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP (CAUNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Finnish Environment Institute Freshwater Centre Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São José do Rio Preto Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica: Integrando Tempo Biologia e Espaço (LET.IT.BE) Departamento de Ciências Ambientais Universidade Federal de São Carlos Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP (CAUNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) São José do Rio Preto

BACKGROUND The frequency and temporal distribution of postoperative respiratory depression (RD) events are not completely understood. This study determined the temporal distribution and frequency of RD episodes in postsurgical patients continuously monitored by bedside capnography and pulse oximetry. METHODS This was a post hoc study of a subset of postsurgical patients enrolled in The PRediction of Opioid-induced respiratory Depression In patients monitored by capnoGraphY (PRODIGY) trial from 2 sites in the United States. These patients had undergone continuous bedside monitoring on general care wards. These data were adjudicated for potential RD episodes. The number of RD episodes per patient and the time of each RD episode were determined. The first RD episode experienced by a patient was classified as an "initial" episode, and the initial and all subsequent RD episodes experienced by a patient were classified as "all" episodes. A PRODIGY risk score was calculated. RESULTS Data analyzed from 250 patients contained 2539 RD episodes in 155 (62.0%, 95% confidence interval, 55.7-68.0) patients with median 2 [0-8], range of 0-545 RD episodes per patient, with a PRODIGY risk score distribution of 100 (40.0%) low, 79 (31.6%) intermediate, 70 (28.0%) high (missing data from 1 patient). Median time to the initial RD episode was 8.8 [5.1-18.0] hours postoperatively. There was a peak occurrence of initial RD events between 14:00 and 20:00 on the day of surgery, and these were associated with a large number of subsequent events in the same timeframe. The peak time of all RD episodes occurred from 02:00 to 06:00. Patients with high PRODIGY risk scores had higher incidence and greater number of RD episodes per patient (P < .001, overall comparisons between groups for both incidence [χ2] and number of episodes [Kruskal-Wallis test]). CONCLUSIONS Continuous monitoring of surgical patients demonstrates that RD episodes are common, and risk increases with higher PRODIGY scores. In this patient cohort, the rate of initial RD episodes peaked in the afternoon to early evening, while peak rate of all RD episodes occurred in early morning. Further, among patients with RD episodes, the number of episodes increased with higher PRODIGY scores.

The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of identifying the anal dimple (AD) on routine prenatal ultrasound. Using the presence, absence, appearance, and location of the anal dimple as an indirect sign for possible underlying anorectal malformations (ARM), we hypothesize that evaluation of the anal dimple as part of the fetal anatomic survey may increase the sensitivity in detecting less severe ARMs. In a prospective longitudinal observational study, pregnant women who underwent prenatal ultrasound (US) at the Colorado Fetal Care Center between January 2019 and 2020 were enrolled. The variables recorded included gestational age, singleton versus multiple pregnancy, gender of the fetus, visualization of the AD, and reason for non-visualization of the AD. A total of 900 ultrasounds were performed, evaluating 1044 fetuses, in 372 different pregnant women. Gestational ages ranged from 16 to 38 weeks. The AD was visualized in 612 fetuses (58.6%) and not seen in 432 (41.4%). The two most common reasons for non-visualization were extremes in gestational age (n = 155; 36%) and fetal position (n = 152; 35.3%). The optimal gestational age range for AD visualization was 28–33 weeks + 6 days, with 78.1% visualization rate. Visualization of the anal dimple by ultrasound is feasible and may aid in the detection of less severe ARMs, ultimately impacting pregnancy management and family counseling. The optimal timing for anal dimple visualization is late second and third trimester.

Resumo Fundamento A doença de Chagas (DC) constitui uma causa potencial negligenciada de doença microvascular coronariana (DMC). Objetivos Comparar pacientes com DMC relacionada à DC (DMC-DC) com pacientes com DMC ligada a outras etiologias (DMC-OE). Métodos De 1292 pacientes estáveis, encaminhados para angiografia coronária invasiva para elucidar o padrão hemodinâmico e a causa de angina, 247 apresentaram coronárias subepicárdicas normais, e 101 foram incluídos após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão. Desses, 15 compuseram o grupo de DMC-DC e suas características clínicas, hemodinâmicas, angiográficas, e cintilográficas foram comparadas às do grupo de 86 pacientes com DMC-OE. O nível de significância estatística para todas as comparações adotado foi de 0,05. Resultados Pacientes com suspeita de DMC-DC apresentaram características antropométricas, clínicas e angiográficas, além de alterações hemodinâmicas e de perfusão miocárdica estatisticamente comparáveis às detectadas nos 86 pacientes com DMC-OE. Disfunção ventricular diastólica, expressa por elevada pressão telediastólica do ventrículo esquerdo, foi igualmente encontrada nos dois grupos. Entretanto, em comparação a esse grupo com DMC-OE, o grupo com DMC-DC exibiu fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda mais baixa (61,1 ± 11,9 vs 54,8 ± 15,9; p= 0,049) e mais elevado escore de mobilidade da parede ventricular (1,77 ± 0,35 vs 1,18 ± 0,26; p= 0,02). Conclusão A cardiomiopatia crônica da doença de Chagas esteve associada à etiologia de possível doença microvascular coronariana em 15% de amostra de 101 pacientes estáveis, cujo sintoma principal era angina requerendo elucidação por angiografia invasiva. Embora os grupos DMC-DC e DMC-OE apresentassem características clínicas, hemodinâmicas, e de perfusão miocárdica em comum, a disfunção global e segmentar do ventrículo esquerdo foi mais grave nos pacientes com DMC associada à DC em comparação à DMC por outras etiologias. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(6):1094-1101) Abstract Background Chagas disease (CD) as neglected secondary form of suspected coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). Objectives Comparison of patients with CMD related to CD (CMD-CE) versus patients with CMD caused by other etiologies (CMD-OE). Methods Of 1292 stable patients referred for invasive coronary angiography to elucidate the hemodynamic pattern and the cause of angina as a cardinal symptom in their medical history, 247 presented normal epicardial coronary arteries and 101 were included after strict exclusion criteria. Of those, 15 had suspected CMD-CE, and their clinical, hemodynamic, angiographic and scintigraphic characteristics were compared to those of the other 86 patients with suspected CDM-OE. Level of significance for all comparisons was p < 0.05. Results Patients with suspected CMD-CE showed most anthropometric, clinical, angiographic hemodynamic and myocardial perfusion abnormalities that were statistically similar to those detected in the remaining 86 patients with suspected CMD-OE. LV diastolic dysfunction, expressed by elevated LV end-diastolic pressure was equally found in both groups. However, as compared to the group of CMD-OE the group with CMD-CE exhibited lower left ventricular ejection fraction (54.8 ± 15.9 vs 61.1 ± 11.9, p= 0.049) and a more severely impaired index of regional wall motion abnormalities (1.77 ± 0.35 vs 1.18 ± 0.26, p= 0.02) respectively for the CMD-OE and CMD-CE groups. Conclusion Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy was a secondary cause of suspected coronary microvascular disease in 15% of 101 stable patients whose cardinal symptom was anginal pain warranting coronary angiography. Although sharing several clinical, hemodynamic, and myocardial perfusion characteristics with patients whose suspected CMD was due to other etiologies, impairment of LV segmental and global systolic function was significantly more severe in the patients with suspected CMD related to Chagas cardiomyopathy. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(6):1094-1101)

Background Postoperative in-hospital pneumonia is a serious complication. This study aims to investigate the association between 3 preoperative stratification tools (American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status [ASA-PS] score, Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI], and Rockwood Frailty Deficit Index [FI]) and risk for postoperative pneumonia. Methods We identified adult patients who developed postoperative pneumonia following noncardiothoracic surgery under general anesthesia, between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017. Patients with postoperative pneumonia were 1:1 matched to control subjects based on age, sex, and the exact type of operations. Medical records were reviewed to identify variables that may be associated with risk for developing postoperative pneumonia. Analyses adjusted for clinical characteristics were performed using the conditional logistic regression, taking into account 1:1 matched set case-control study design. Results We identified 211 cases of postoperative pneumonia, and all 3 tested stratification tools were associated with increased risk: ASA-PS (after all adjustments of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) III, odds ratio 4.17 [95% confidence interval 1.74-10.01]; ASA > III 24.03 [6.54-88.32]), CCI (CCI values > 3, 1.29 [1.02-1.63] per unit CCI score), and frail FI score 3.25 (1.45-7.27). Because of incomplete intake documentation, the FI could not be calculated in 57 (13.5%) patients, but these “unknown frailty” patients were also at increased risk for postoperative pneumonia, 3.15 (1.29-7.72). Discussion Three commonly used stratification indices (ASA-PS score, CCI, and FI) were associated with increased risk for postoperative pneumonia. Patients unable to complete intake form to calculate the FI were also at increased risk.

Objective To determine the rate and clinical factors associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and severe pain after robotic-assisted mitral valve repair. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Major quaternary academic medical center. Participants Adult patients undergoing robotic-assisted mitral valve repair from May 5, 2018 through September 13, 2019. Interventions Participant electronic medical records were abstracted for clinical characteristics, PONV within the first 72 postoperative hours, episodes of severe pain (defined as pain score ≥7 using an 11-point numerical pain rating scale), and opioid use within the first 24 postoperative hours. Multivariate analyses were performed. Measurements and Main Results Of 124 participants, PONV was noted in 83 (67%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 58%-75%) patients and severe pain in 96 (77%, 95% CI 69%-84%) patients. The median (interquartile range) time to PONV was 6.1 (3.7-14.7) hours. After adjusting for age, sex, and duration of surgery, pre-incisional use of methadone was associated with reduced risk for severe pain (odds ratio 0.40 [95% CI 0.16-0.99]; p = 0.048) and a lower 24-postoperative hour opioid requirement (estimate –29.0 mg intravenous morphine equivalents [95% CI –46.7 to –11.3]; p = 0.006). However, methadone was not associated with a reduction of the cumulative opioid dose (intraoperative and 24-hour postoperative opioid dose; p = 0.248). Both severe pain and PONV were associated with longer hospital stay. Conclusion PONV and severe pain are common after robotic-assisted mitral valve repair. Peri-incisional methadone is associated with a modest decrease in the severe pain rate but without a reduction in opioid dose or hospital stay.

With the advent of routine prenatal imaging, the number of renal anomalies identified prenatally has significantly increased; however, the underlying etiologies of these anomalies and the clinical significance of these findings remains unclear. This confusion is especially true for the prenatal diagnosis of cystic renal changes. The terms “cystic kidney disease” and “renal cystic dysplasia” encompass myriad renal diseases. Although renal cystic dysplasia in infants shares many similarities with multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK), it is important to distinguish MCDK from other etiologies that would lead to renal cysts, to ensure proper patient diagnosis and appropriate counseling regarding risks and to guide clinical management. The purpose of this review is to highlight the multiple etiologies of cystic kidney disease, including genetic associations, associations with underlying syndromes, and associations with underlying anatomical abnormalities. Here we focus on prenatal imaging, associated pathological findings, and clinical significance, with an emphasis on the defining characteristics of MCDK as compared to other forms of cystic renal disease.

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients are often colonized with Staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcal biofilms have been reported on adult AD skin lesions. The commensal S epidermidis can antagonize S aureus, although its role in AD is unclear. We sought to characterize S aureus and S epidermidis colonization and biofilm propensity and determine their associations with AD severity, barrier function, and epidermal gene expression in the first US early-life cohort of children with AD, the Mechanisms of Progression of Atopic Dermatitis to Asthma in Children (MPAACH). Methods The biofilm propensity of staphylococcal isolates was assessed by crystal violet assays. Gene expression of filaggrin and antimicrobial alarmins S100A8 and S100A9 was measured in keratinocyte RNA extracted from skin tape strips. Staphylococcal biofilms sampled from MPAACH skin were visualized using scanning electron microscopy. Results Sixty-two percent of staphylococcal isolates (sampled from 400 subjects) formed moderate/strong biofilms. Sixty-eight percent of subjects co-colonized with both staphylococcal species exhibited strains that formed cooperative mixed-species biofilms. Scanning electron microscopy verified the presence of staphylococcal biofilms on the skin of MPAACH children. Staphylococcus aureus strains showing higher relative biofilm propensity compared with S epidermidis were associated with increased AD severity (P = .03) and increased lesional and nonlesional transepidermal water loss (P = .01, P = .03). Conclusions Our data suggest a pathogenic role for S aureus biofilms in AD. We found that strain-level variation in staphylococcal isolates governs the interactions between S epidermidis and S aureus and that the balance between these two species, and their biofilm propensity, has important implications for AD.

This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia and Programa Operacional de Potencial Humano/Fundo Social Europeu (SFRH/BD/77592/2011 to Mariana L. Carrito). Previous studies have highlighted the influence of conditional mating strategies in attractiveness preferences. "Good genes" and dominance cues are perceived as attractive when considering short-term relationships. In contrast, cues for better parenting abilities and trustworthiness are considered more attractive when participants ponder a long-term relationship. We investigated women's and men's attractiveness preferences in other-sex faces that were structurally altered along a continuum of apparent trustworthiness. Faces were adjusted in shape toward the perceived trustworthy-untrustworthy extremes defined on the basis of previously created prototypes. We anticipated that perceived trustworthiness would be more important for long-term than short-term relationships because of the greater costs of exploitation. Also, we explored individual differences in preferences, anticipating that participants with high social interaction anxiety would prefer more trustworthy-looking faces. As expected, we found a preference for more trustworthy-looking faces when participants considered a long-term versus a short-term relationship. Social interaction anxiety correlated positively with trustworthiness preferences, probably reflecting an avoidance response in anxious individuals, induced by untrustworthy cues. Collectively, these findings constitute novel evidence of the influence of individual differences in mate choice-relevant face preferences. Postprint

Background Periodontitis has been associated with coronary artery disease, but the impact of a periodontal treatment on the endothelial function of patients with a recent ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was not investigated. Methods Randomized controlled trial ( NCT02543502 ). Patients admitted between August 2012 and January 2015 were included. Patients were screened during the index hospitalization for STEMI, and those with severe periodontal disease were randomized 2 weeks later to periodontal treatment or to control. The primary endpoint of this trial was the between group difference in the variation of flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in the brachial artery assessed by ultrasound from baseline to the 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular events, adverse effects of periodontal treatment and inflammatory markers. Results Baseline characteristics were balanced between patients in the intervention (n = 24) and control groups (n = 24). There was a significant FMD improvement in the intervention group (3.05%; p = .01), but not in the control group (−0.29%; p = .79) (p = .03 for the intergroup comparison). Periodontal treatment was not associated with any adverse events and the inflammatory profile and cardiovascular events were not significantly different between both groups. Conclusions Treatment of periodontal disease improves the endothelial function of patients with a recent myocardial infarction, without adverse clinical events. Larger trials are needed to assess the benefit of periodontal treatment on clinical outcomes. Clinical trial registration NCT02543502 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02543502?term=NCT02543502&rank=1 ).

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:47:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-11-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft The genus Brachycephalus is a fascinating group of miniaturized anurans from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, comprising the conspicuous, brightly colored pumpkin-toadlets and the cryptic flea-toads. Pumpkin-toadlets are known to contain tetrodotoxins and therefore, their bright colors may perform an aposematic function. Previous studies based on a limited number of mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded markers supported the existence of two clades containing species of pumpkin-toadlet phenotype, but deep nodes remained largely unresolved or conflicting between data sets. We use new RNAseq data of 17 individuals from nine Brachycephalus species to infer their evolutionary relationships from a phylogenomic perspective. Analyses of almost 5300 nuclear-encoded ortholog protein-coding genes and full mitochondrial genomes confirmed the existence of two separate pumpkin-toadlet clades, suggesting the convergent evolution (or multiple reversals) of the bufoniform morphology, conspicuous coloration, and probably toxicity. In addition, the study of the mitochondrial gene order revealed that three species (B. hermogenesi, B. pitanga, and B. rotenbergae) display translocations of different tRNAs (NCY and CYA) from the WANCY tRNA cluster to a position between the genes ATP6 and COIII, showing a new mitochondrial gene order arrangement for vertebrates. The newly clarified phylogeny suggests that Brachycephalus has the potential to become a promising model taxon to understand the evolution of coloration, body plan and toxicity. Given that toxicity information is available for only few species of Brachycephalus, without data for any flea-toad species, we also emphasize the need for a wider screening of toxicity across species, together with more in-depth functional and ecological study of their phenotypes. Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade (Campus Rio Claro) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24A, N 1515, Bela Vista, SP Zoological Institute Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute for Microbiology and Genetics Department of Applied Bioinformatics University of Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr, 1 Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Unidade Passos Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Avenida Juca Stockler 1130, MG Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, RS Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, BA Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB) Departamento de Biologia Animal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade (Campus Rio Claro) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24A, N 1515, Bela Vista, SP CNPq: 163546/2020-7 FAPESP: 2018/09691-0 CNPq: 300896/2016-6 CNPq: 302834/2020-6 CNPq: 304999/2015-6 CAPES: 88881.062205/2014-01 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: VE247/16-1–HO 3492/6-1

Introduction Preclinical studies suggest that inhalational anesthetics may induce neuropathology changes in the nigrostriatal system, leading to development of α-synucleinopathies. We explored the role of general anesthesia in the development of Parkinson disease (PD) and other α-synucleinopathies. Methods All α-synucleinopathy cases in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1991, to December 2010, were identified from diagnostic codes, and then reviewed for type and index date of diagnosis. Cases were matched by sex and age (±1 year) to a referent control, a resident living in Olmsted County, and free of α-synucleinopathies before the index date (year of onset of the α-synucleinopathy). Medical records of both cases and controls were reviewed for lifetime exposure to anesthesia prior to the index date. Results A total of 431 cases with clinically defined α-synucleinopathies were identified. Of these, 321 (74%) underwent 1,069 procedures under anesthesia before the diagnosis date, and in the control group, 341 (79%) underwent 986 procedures. When assessed as a dichotomous variable, anesthetic exposure was not significantly associated with α-synucleinopathies (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.54-1.05; P=.094). No association was observed when anesthetic exposure was quantified by the number of exposures (OR, 0.64, 0.89, and 0.74, for 1, 2–3, and ≥4 exposures, respectively, compared to no exposure as the reference; P=.137) or quantified by the cumulative duration of exposure assessed as a continuous variable (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97-1.02 per 1-h increase of anesthetic exposure; P=.776). Conclusions We did not observe a significant association between exposure to general anesthesia and risk for the development of α-synucleinopathies.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:29:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-01 Species in the Adelophryne genus consist of diminutive, agile, and secretive frogs that inhabit forest leaf litter and have direct development. Species richness within Adelophryne was previously underestimated, and several new species have recently been described. Here, we describe a new species of Adelophryne from the Atlantic Forest in the Brazilian states of Alagoas, Pernambuco, and Paraíba. The new species is characterized by its small body size, small and distinct tympanum, toes with subarticular tubercles, fingers mucronate, three phalanges in the Finger IV, and an advertisement call composed of one single pulsed note with a high dominant frequency. The new species is phylogenetically related to other Adelophryne species of the Northern Atlantic Forest Clade and is endemic to the Pernambuco Endemism Centerin the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental (PPGEMA) Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) Campus IV, Litoral Norte, CEP Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal (PPGBA) Departamento de Zoologia Centro de Biociências Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas (IFAL) Campus Santana Do Ipanema CEP Laboratório de Vertebrados Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão. CEP Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais; Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Avenida Alberto Lame o 2000 Par ue Califórnia CEP Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2 Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal, Rural de Pernambuco Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros Recife Pernambuco Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Setor de Biodiversidade Laboratório de Biologia Integrativa Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Ta-buleiro Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi COZOO, Caixa postal 399 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do sul Instituto de Biociências Cidade Universitária CEP Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista

Background Housing is a growing challenge for US adults in an increasingly unaffordable housing market. These housing challenges can create barriers to effective management and control of Type II Diabetes. However, little is known about how housing challenges are perceived and navigated by clinicians who care for patients with Type II Diabetes. Objective To examine how primary care clinicians perceive and navigate their patients’ housing challenges in the context of Type II Diabetes management. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 primary care clinicians practising in four clinical settings in New Haven, Connecticut. Two investigators systematically coded the interviews. Analysis of coded data was used to determine themes. Results Participants considered housing as significant to their patients’ health and a potential barrier to optimal diabetes management. Participants sought to improve their patients’ housing through advocacy, referrals and interdisciplinary collaborations. They also adjusted clinical decisions to adapt to patients’ housing challenges. In making clinical adjustments, participants struggled to find a balance between what they perceived to be feasible for unstably housed patients and maintaining a standard of care. Some participants navigated this balanced by employing creative strategies and individualized care. Conclusion In highlighting the challenges that clinicians face in maintaining a standard of care for unstably housed diabetes patients, our findings speak to the need for more guidance, resources and support to address housing in a clinical setting.

Due to the rarity of Wilms tumor (WT) and the relative urgency with which pediatric renal tumors are treated, there is little reported data on the natural history and growth of WTs. Historical reports of estimated doubling times of WTs were based on time to disease recurrence after initial diagnosis and treatment, and were published before the current advancements in molecular biomarker testing. We compare 2 cases of WT with sequential imaging, and postulate how the growth parameters of these tumors may be associated with differing chromosomal traits.

Presacral masses associated with anorectal malformations (ARM) are most frequently dermoid or teratomas. Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT), in isolation, is a different condition. There are limited data comparing the two. The aim of this study was to compare presacral masses associated with ARM and isolated SCTs. A retrospective review was performed from 1979 to 2018. Patients with presacral masses and associated ARM (n = 39) were identified and compared to patients with isolated SCTs (n = 32). Those with presacral mass and ARM had a lower proportion of immature and mixed teratomas by pathology and a longer time to mass resection. They had higher percentages of sacral anomalies (76% versus 9%), tethered cord (50% versus 6%), and other anomalies (51% versus 9%). For long-term bowel function, patients with presacral mass and ARM were more likely to be fecally incontinent and require enemas (59% versus 11%). Regarding isolated SCTs, 4% recurred with a time to recurrence of 7 months. Compared to patients with isolated SCT, patients with presacral mass and ARM had lower grade tumors. In addition, they had a higher proportion of sacral defects and other congenital defects, as well as worse bowel function outcomes.

The complexity of cancer therapies has vastly expanded in the last decade, along with type and severity of cardiac toxicities associated with these treatments. Prevention of pre-clinical cardiotoxicity may improve cardiovascular outcomes and circumvent the decision to place life-sustaining chemotherapeutic agents on hold, making the early detection of cancer therapeutic related cardiac toxicity with non-invasive imaging essential to the care of these patients. There are several established methods of cardiac imaging in the areas of nuclear cardiology, echocardiography, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging that are used to assess for cardiovascular toxicity of cancer treatments, with several methods under development. The following review will provide an overview of current and emerging imaging techniques in these areas.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological cancer for which treatment options often result in incomplete therapeutic efficacy and long-term side-effects. Interleukin 7 (IL-7) and its receptor IL-7Rα promote T-ALL development and mutational activation of IL-7Rα associates with very high risk in relapsed disease. Using combinatorial phage-display libraries and antibody reformatting, we generated a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody (named B12) against both wild-type and mutant human IL-7Rα, predicted to form a stable complex with IL-7Rα at a different site from IL-7. B12 impairs IL-7/IL-7R-mediated signaling, sensitizes T-ALL cells to treatment with dexamethasone and can induce cell death per se. The antibody also promotes antibody-dependent natural killer-mediated leukemia cytotoxicity in vitro and delays T-cell leukemia development in vivo, reducing tumor burden and promoting mouse survival. B12 is rapidly internalized and traffics to the lysosome, rendering it an attractive vehicle for targeted intracellular delivery of cytotoxic cargo. Consequently, we engineered a B12–MMAE antibody–drug conjugate and provide proof-of-concept evidence that it has increased leukemia cell killing abilities as compared with the naked antibody. Our studies serve as a stepping stone for the development of novel targeted therapies in T-ALL and other diseases where IL-7Rα has a pathological role. ISSN:1476-5551 ISSN:0887-6924

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with increased left ventricular (LV) mass, decreased myocardial strain, and the presence of LV fibrosis and scar. The relationship between LV scar and fibrosis with left atrial (LA) fibrosis in the setting of HCM has not been examined. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a correlation between the degree of LA fibrosis and LV parameters in subjects with HCM. Twenty-eight subjects with HCM were imaged on a 1.5T MRI scanner with cine, LV and LA late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) sequences. LA LGE and LA measurements were correlated with LV measurements of volumes, mass, strain, and LGE. Other clinical conditions and medication usage were also examined and evaluated for correlation with LA and LV parameters. LV LGE was identified in 24 (86%) of the cases and LA LGE was identified in all of the cases. Extent of LA fibrosis significantly correlated with percent LV LGE (r = 0.64, p = 0.001), but not with indexed LV mass or maximum wall thickness. Extent of LA fibrosis also moderately correlated with decreased LV global strain (radial, r = - 0.50, p = 0.013; circumferential, r = 0.47, p = 0.02; longitudinal, r = 0.52, p = 0.013). Increased LA systolic volume correlated moderately with LV end diastolic volume (r = 0.50, p = 0.006). Patients on therapy with Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) Inhibition had significantly less LA LGE compared to those without (18.6% vs 10.8%, p = 0.023). LA fibrosis, as measured by LGE, is prevalent in HCM and is correlated with LV LGE. The correlation between LA and LV LGE might suggest either that LA fibrosis is a consequence of LV remodeling, or that LA and LV fibrosis are both manifestations of the same cardiomyopathic process. Further study is warranted to determine the causality of LA scar in this population.

© 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-NC-ND/4.0/), Interleukin 7 (IL-7) and its receptor (IL-7R, a heterodimer of IL-7Rα and γc) are essential for normal lymphoid development. In their absence, severe combined immunodeficiency occurs. By contrast, excessive IL-7/IL-7R-mediated signaling can drive lymphoid leukemia development, disease acceleration and resistance to chemotherapy. IL-7 and IL-7R activate three main pathways: STAT5, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MEK/Erk, ultimately leading to the promotion of leukemia cell viability, cell cycle progression and growth. However, the contribution of each of these pathways towards particular functional outcomes is still not completely known and appears to differ between normal and malignant states. For example, IL-7 upregulates Bcl-2 in a PI3K/Akt/mTOR-dependent and STAT5-independent manner in T-ALL cells. This is a 'symmetric image' of what apparently happens in normal lymphoid cells, where PI3K/Akt/mTOR does not impact on Bcl-2 and regulates proliferation rather than survival. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the knowledge on IL-7/IL-7R-mediated signaling in the context of cancer, focusing mainly on T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, where this axis has been more extensively studied., Publication costs were supported by LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007391, project cofunded by FEDER, through POR Lisboa2020 Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa, PORTUGAL 2020, and Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal). The research work in JTB's lab related to the present review was supported by the grants FAPESP/20015/2014 and PTDC/MEC-HEM/31588/2017, from FCT; and by the consolidator grant ERC CoG-648455 from the European Research Council, under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. JTB is an FCT investigator (consolidator). MLO is a LisbonBioMed PhD student and received a fellowship from FCT. PA received a PhD fellowship from the EU Marie Sklodowska-Curie ITN Protein Conjugates.

Funding: We wish to thank all the collaborators (administrative staff, nurses, etc.) of the surgery block, as well as the doctors of the vascular surgery and transplantation departments of the Hospital of Santa Maria for the availability and assistance in the collection of the samples. We also thank Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia for funding with two fellowships: Fundo de Apoio à Investigação 2014 and SPR/MSD 2015. DC-F received funding from a PhD grant from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/80940/2011). Background and Aims: Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis share common risk factors, as well as inflammatory mechanisms. Our aim was to understand how atherosclerotic lesions are related with disturbances in bone. Methods: Gene expression of pro-inflammatory and bone metabolism related proteins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, TNF, RANKL, OPG, COL1, CTSK, OCL, TRAP, CBFA1, DKK1, SOST, ADIPOQ, and ADIPOR1) were analyzed in arteries and bones from 45 deceased donors and adipose tissue was used as control. Additionally, in 139 patients with advanced atherosclerosis submitted to carotid endarterectomy we compared calcium content (Alizarin red) and plaque inflammatory scores (CD3+, CD68+, and adiponectin) of patients with normal bone mineral density (BMD) with those with low BMD and explored the associations between gene expression in atherosclerotic plaques and BMD. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory and bone related proteins were measured both in donors and patients. Associations were investigated by the Pearson or Spearman correlation tests, and multivariate regression analyzes were performed when justified. Results: Gene expression of bone remodeling and pro-inflammatory proteins correlated positively in bone and aorta, independently of age and sex of donors, but not in adipose tissue. The expression of bone formation genes was significantly higher in atheroma plaques from endarterectomized patients with normal vs. low BMD as well as inflammatory CD68+ scores, regardless of patients' age and sex, but not of body mass index. No relationship was observed between serum levels and gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory or bone remodeling proteins. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the relationship between bones and vessels in the context of atherosclerotic disease and osteoporosis may rely on the intrinsic connection between the tissues involved, independently of disease stage. Serum measurements of pro-inflammatory and bone-remodeling proteins do not accurately translate tissue pathologic processes. publishersversion published

Background Postoperative falls are preventable complications. The study aims were to describe the rate and circumstances surrounding postoperative falls and explore potential associations with patient and procedural characteristics with emphasis on the use of sedative medications. Methods Medical records of hospitalized patients undergoing non-lower extremity surgery under general anesthesia from January 1, 2010, through April 30, 2018 were reviewed for falls within 72 postoperative hours. Perioperative use of sedatives, sleep aids, gabapentinoids, and opioids were abstracted. Each fall case was matched with two controls on age, sex, and procedure type. Descriptive statistics and multivariable analysis accounting for the matched design were performed. Results There were 343 falls among 200 186 hospitalized surgical patients (incidence of 17.1 [95% CI: 15.4, 19.0] falls per 10 000 procedures) with largest proportion of falls occurring on postoperative day 2 (n = 134, 39.1%). Most falls occurred in the general hospital wards (n = 304, 88.6%) and were unwitnessed (n = 186, 55.9%). The incidence of major injuries was 1.0 (95% CI: .1 – 3.6) per 100 000 procedures. Home use of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics (odds ratio 2.68, 95% CI: 1.47, 4.88, P=.001) and blood transfusions were associated with increased fall risk. Hospital stay was longer in patients who fall (7 [4, 15] vs. 5 [3, 9] days, P < .001). Conclusions The rate of postoperative falls in our institution was low and frequently unwitnessed. The use of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics is a modifiable risk factor associated with postoperative falls. Serious complications after falls were rare.

OBJECTIVE The frequency and seasonality of viruses in tropical regions are scarcely reported. We estimated the frequency of seven respiratory viruses and assessed seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza viruses in a tropical city. METHODS Children (age ≤ 18 years) with acute respiratory infection were investigated in Salvador, Brazil, between July 2014 and June 2017. Respiratory viruses were searched by direct immunofluorescence and real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of RSV, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, adenovirus (ADV) and parainfluenza viruses (PIV) 1, 2 and 3. Seasonal distribution was evaluated by Prais-Winsten regression. Due to similar distribution, influenza A and influenza B viruses were grouped to analyse seasonality. RESULTS The study group comprised 387 cases whose median (IQR) age was 26.4 (10.5-50.1) months. Respiratory viruses were detected in 106 (27.4%) cases. RSV (n = 76; 19.6%), influenza A virus (n = 11; 2.8%), influenza B virus (n = 7; 1.8%), ADV (n = 5; 1.3%), PIV 1 (n = 5; 1.3%), PIV 3 (n = 3; 0.8%) and PIV 2 (n = 1; 0.3%) were identified. Monthly count of RSV cases demonstrated seasonal distribution (b3 = 0.626; P = 0.003). More than half (42/76 [55.3%]) of all RSV cases were detected from April to June. Monthly count of influenza cases also showed seasonal distribution (b3 = -0.264; P = 0.032). Influenza cases peaked from November to January with 44.4% (8/18) of all influenza cases. CONCLUSIONS RSV was the most frequently detected virus. RSV and influenza viruses showed seasonal distribution. These data may be useful to plan the best time to carry out prophylaxis and to increase the number of hospital beds.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:53:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-01 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) MfN Taxonomy Fund NYUAD NYUAD Research Institute Climate has a large impact on diversity and evolution of the world's biota. The Eocene-Oligocene transition from tropical climate to cooler, drier environments was accompanied by global species turnover. A large number of Old World lacertid lizard lineages have diversified after the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. One of the most speciose reptile genera in the arid Palearctic, Acanthodactylus, contains two sub-Saharan species with unresolved phylogenetic relationship and unknown climatic preferences. We here aim to understand how and when adaptation to arid conditions occurred in Acanthodactylus and when tropical habitats where entered. Using whole mitogenomes from fresh and archival DNA and published sequences we recovered a well-supported Acanthodactylus phylogeny and underpinned the timing of diversification with environmental niche analyses of the sub-Saharan species A. guineensis and A. boueti in comparison to all arid Acanthodactylus. We found that A. guineensis represents an old lineage that splits from a basal node in the Western clade, and A. boueti is a derived lineage and probably not its sister. Their long branches characterize them-and especially A. guineensis-as lineages that may have persisted for a long time without further diversification or have undergone multiple extinctions. Environmental niche models verified the occurrence of A. guineensis and A. boueti in hot humid environments different from the other 42 arid Acanthodactylus species. While A. guineensis probably remained in tropical habitat from periods prior to the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, A. boueti entered tropical environments independently at a later period. Our results provide an important baseline for studying adaptation and the transition from humid to arid environments in Lacertidae. New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, U Arab Emirates Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biodiversidade, Inst Biociencias, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Vet Med Hannover, Inst Zool, Bunteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany Univ Antilles, Sorbonne Univ, Inst Systemat Evolut Biodivers ISYEB, Museum Natl Hist Nat,CNRS,Ecole Prat Hautes Etud, CP 30,57 Rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France Leibniz Inst Evolut & Biodivers Sci, Museum Nat Kunde, Invalidenstr 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany IRD, UMR MIVEGEC, Lab Paludol & Zool Med, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Zool Inst, Mendelssohnstr 4, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biodiversidade, Inst Biociencias, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: VE 247/11-1/MU 1760/9-1 FAPESP: 2017/26162-8 NYUAD: AD180 NYUAD Research Institute: G1205A

Background Hospitalization can impair physical and functional status of older adults, but it is unclear whether these deficits are transient or chronic. This study determined the association between hospitalization of older adults and changes in long-term longitudinal trajectories of 2 measures of physical and functional status: gait speed (GS) and instrumental activities of daily living measured with Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). Method Linear mixed-effects models assessed the association between hospitalization (nonelective vs elective, and surgical vs medical) and outcomes of GS and FAQ score in participants (older than 60 years) enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging who had longitudinal assessments. Results Of 4902 participants, 1879 had ≥1 hospital admission. Median GS at enrollment was 1.1 m/s. The slope of the annual decline in GS before hospitalization was −0.015 m/s. The parameter estimate (95% CI) for additional annual change in GS trajectory after hospitalization was −0.009 (−0.011 to −0.006) m/s, p < .001. The accelerated GS decline was greater for medical versus surgical hospitalizations (−0.010 vs −0.003 m/s, p = .005), and nonelective versus elective hospitalizations (−0.011 vs −0.006 m/s, p = .067). The odds of a worsening FAQ score increased on average by 4% per year. Following hospitalization, odds of FAQ score worsening further increased (multiplicative annual increase in odds ratio per year [95% CI] following hospitalization was 1.05 [1.03, 1.07], p < .001). Conclusions Hospitalization of older adults is associated with accelerated long-term decline in GS and functional limitations, especially after nonelective admissions and those for medical indications. However, for most well-functioning participants, these changes have little clinical significance.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) Rufford Foundation In this paper we present a phylogenetic analysis of the treefrogs of the Boana pulchella Group with the goals of (1) providing a rigorous test of its monophyly; (2) providing a test of relationships supported in previous studies; and (3) exploring the relationships of the several species not included in previous analyses. The analyses included>300 specimens of 37 of the 38 species currently included in the group, plus 36 outgroups, exemplars of the diversity of Boana and the other genera of the hylid tribe Cophomantini. The dataset included eight mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, CytB, COI, ND1, tRNA(Ile), tRNA(Leu), and tRNA(Val)) and five nuclear genes (RHO, TYR, RAG-1, CXCR4, SIAH1). The phylogenetic analyses recover the monophyly of the B. pulchella Group with lower support than previous studies, as a result of the inclusion of the B. claresignata Group, which is recovered as its sister taxon. Within the B. pulchella Group, the inclusion of almost all species of the group had little impact on previous notions of its phylogeny, except for the rejection of the hypothesized B. polytaenia Clade (B. goiana and B. phaeopleura are nested in the clade here called the B. prasina Clade), which is redefined. Phylogenetic support is strong for five major clades, which collectively include all but three of the species sampled: the B. balzani Clade (B. aguilari, B. balzani, B. gladiator, B. melanopleura, B. palaestes), the redefined B. polytaenia Clade (B. botumirim, B. buriti, B. cipoensis, B. jaguariaivensis, B. leptolineata, B. polytaenia, B. stenocephala, and two undescribed species), the B. prasina Clade (B. bischoffi, B. caingua, B. cordobae, B. goiana, B. guentheri, B. marginata, B. phaeopleura, B. prasina, B. pulchella, and one undescribed species), the B. riojana Clade (B. callipleura, B. marianitae, B. riojana), and the B. semiguttata Clade (B. caipora, B. curupi, B. joaquini, B. poaju, B. semiguttata, B. stellae, and two undescribed species). The monophyly of the B. prasina + B. riojana Clades, and that of the B. polytaenia + B. semiguttata Clades are well-supported. The relationships among these two clades, the B. balzani Clade, B. ericae + B. freicanecae, and B. cambui (representing the deepest phylogenetic splits within the B. pulchella Group) are recovered with weak support. We discuss the phenotypic evidence supporting the monophyly of the B. pulchella Group, and the taxonomy of several species, identifying three new synonyms of Boana polytaenia, one new synonym of Boana goiana, and one new synonym of B. riojana. Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Div Herpetol, Angel Gallardo 470, RA-1405 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Biodiversidad & Biol Expt, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Anfibios, Dept Zool, Inst Biociencias, Rua Matao,Travessa 14,101,Sala 137,Cidade Univ, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biodiversidade, Ave 24a,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Aquicultura, IB, Ave 24a,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Nacl Misiones, Lab Genet Evolutiva Claudio J Bidau, Inst Biol Subtrop CONICET UNaM, Fac Ciencias Exactas Quim & Nat, Felix de Azara 1552,CPA N3300LQF, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina Univ Ghent, Dept Nutr Genet & Ethol, Fac Vet Med, Heidestr 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium Museo Hist Nat Noel Kempff Mercado, Ave Irala 565,Casilla 2489, Santa Cruz, Bolivia Univ Brasilia, Lab Fauna, Dept Engn Florestal, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil Univ Brasilia, Unidades Conservacao, Dept Engn Florestal, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil Univ Fed Uberlandia, Lab Anuros Neotropicais, Inst Ciencias Exatas & Nat Pontal, Rua 20,1600, BR-38304402 Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil Museo Biodiversidad Peru, Urbanizac Mariscal Gamarra A-61,Zona 2, Cuzco, Peru Univ Nacl San Antonio Abad Cusco, Museo Hist Nat, Cuzco, Peru Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Vertebrados, Museu Nacl, BR-20940040 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Vale Rio Grande Sul, Lab Sistemat & Taxon, Sala E04224,Ave Unisinos 950, BR-93022750 Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil Univ Nacl Jujuy, Catedra Evoluc, Fac Ciencias Agr VICAM CONICET, Alberdi 47,Y4600DTA, San Salvador De Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina Illinois State Univ, Dept Biol, 309 East Emerson St, Bloomington, IL 61761 USA Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Zool, Cent Pk W & 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, Ave Antonio Carlos 6627, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biodiversidade, Ave 24a,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Aquicultura, IB, Ave 24a,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil CNPq: 446935/2014-0 CNPq: 300903/2015-4 CNPq: 306623/2018-8 CNPq: 310301/2018-1 CNPq: 305169/2019-0 CNPq: 158681/2013-4 FAPESP: 2018/18473-6 FAPESP: 2019/25061-9 FAPESP: 2017/26162-8 FAPESP: 2013/50741-7 FAPESP: 2018/15425-0 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica: ANPCyT PICT 2007-2202 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica: ANPCyT PICT 2011-1895 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica: ANPCyT PICT 2013-404 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica: ANPCyT PICT 2015-813 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica: ANPCyT PICT 2015-820 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica: ANPCyT PICT 2015-2381 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica: ANPCyT PICT 2018-3349 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET): PIP 11220110100889 Rufford Foundation: 39.05.07 Rufford Foundation: 77.04.09 Rufford Foundation: 9096-B Rufford Foundation: 1047-C

To verify whether the intake of at least one meal containing 20 g of protein is associated with higher odds to present adequate appendicular muscle mass index (AMMI) in women. A cross-sectional study was performed with 142 women (35 young and 107 postmenopausal), aged between 19 and 81 years. Dietary intake was evaluated by three 24-h food recalls following the 5-step multiple pass method. Lean mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and AMMI was calculated by the appendicular lean mass (kg) divided by height (m) squared. For AMMI, values ≥ 5.5 kg/m2 were considered as adequate. Women who ingested at least one meal with 20 g of protein showed higher odds to present adequate AMMI in crude model [OR = 3.39 (1.14–10.09)] and after adjustments for total protein intake, age, energy intake, and physical activity [OR = 6.22 (1.21–31.96)]. The intake of at least one meal containing 20 g of protein is associated with higher odds to present adequate AMMI in women.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:29:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Millions of scientific specimens are housed in museum collections, a large part of which are fluid preserved. The use of formaldehyde as fixative and subsequent storage in ethanol is especially common in ichthyology and herpetology. This type of preservation damages DNA and reduces the chance of successful retrieval of genetic data. We applied ancient DNA extraction and single stranded library construction protocols to a variety of vertebrate samples obtained from wet collections and of different ages. Our results show that almost all samples tested yielded endogenous DNA. Archival DNA extraction was successful across different tissue types as well as using small amounts of tissue. Conversion of archival DNA fragments into single-stranded libraries resulted in usable data even for samples with initially undetectable DNA amounts. Subsequent target capture approaches for mitochondrial DNA using homemade baits on a subset of 30 samples resulted in almost complete mitochondrial genome sequences in several instances. Thus, application of ancient DNA methodology makes wet collection specimens, including type material as well as rare, old or extinct species, accessible for genetic and genomic analyses. Our results, accompanied by detailed step-by-step protocols, are a large step forward to open the DNA archive of museum wet collections for scientific studies. University Museum of Bergen SNSB Bavarian State Collection of Zoology Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Laboratório de Herpetologia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Zoological Institute Braunschweig University of Technology Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics Institute for Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam Museum für Naturkunde– Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg Section for Evolutionary Genomics The GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Zoology Cambridge University Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology Rega Institute for Medical Research School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Laboratório de Herpetologia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP FAPESP: #2013/50741-7 FAPESP: #2017/2616-8 FAPESP: #2018/15425-0 CNPq: 306623/2018-8 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: 351649567 CNPq: 431589/2016-0

Background During early HIV-1 infection, immunodominant T cell responses to highly variable epitopes lead to the establishment of immune escape virus variants. Here we assessed a type 1-polarized monocyte-derived dendritic cell (MDC1)-based approach to selectively elicit cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against highly conserved and topologically important HIV-1 epitopes in HIV-1-infected individuals from the Thailand RV254/SEARCH 010 cohort who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) during early infection (Fiebig stages I-IV). Methods Autologous MDC1 were used as antigen presenting cells to induce in vitro CTL responses against HIV-1 Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef as determined by flow cytometry and ELISpot assay. Ultra-conserved or topologically important antigens were respectively identified using the Epigraph tool and a structure-based network analysis approach and compared to overlapping peptides spanning the Gag proteome. Findings MDC1 presenting either the overlapping Gag, Epigraph, or Network 14–21mer peptide pools consistently activated and expanded HIV-1-specific T cells to epitopes identified at the 9–13mer peptide level. Interestingly, some CTL responses occurred outside known or expected HLA associations, providing evidence of new HLA-associated CTL epitopes. Comparative analyses demonstrated more sequence conservation among Epigraph antigens but a higher magnitude of CTL responses to Network and Gag peptide groups. Importantly, CTL responses against topologically constrained Gag epitopes contained in both the Network and Gag peptide pools were selectively enhanced in the Network pool-initiated cultures. Interpretation Our study supports the use of MDC1 as a therapeutic strategy to induce and focus CTL responses toward putative fitness-constrained regions of HIV-1 to prevent immune escape and control HIV-1 infection. Funding A full list of the funding sources is detailed in the Acknowledgment section of the manuscript.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:30:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The mitogenome of the South American parthenogenetic lizard Loxopholis percarinatum Müller, 1923 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), a uni-bisexual species complex, was recovered for three individuals from Rio Negro region, Amazonas, Brazil. The content and order of genes are typical for vertebrate mitochondrial genomes, and we recovered 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA, and two rRNA (12S and 16S), in addition to partial fragments of the Control Region. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis with mitogenomes of selected lizard families recovered L. percarinatum with Iphisa elegans Gray, 1851, the only other Gymnophthalmidae species available in GenBank. Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center and Department of Biology University of Texas at Arlington Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva Universidade Federal de São Paulo Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Purpose To investigate the association between episodes of critical care hospitalizations and delirium with structural brain changes in older adults. Materials and methods We included Mayo Clinic Study of Aging participants ≥60 years old at the time of study enrollment (October 29, 2004, through September 11, 2017) with available brain MRI and ‘amyloid’ positron emission tomography (PET) scans. We tested the hypothesis that a) intensive care unit (ICU) admission is associated with greater cortical thinning and atrophy in entorhinal cortex, inferior temporal cortex, middle temporal cortex, and fusiform cortex (Alzheimer’'s disease-signature regions); b) atrophy in hippocampus and corpus callosum; c) delirium accelerates these changes; and d) ICU admission is not associated with increased deposition of cortical amyloid. Results ICU admission was associated with cortical thinning in temporal, frontal, and parietal cortices, and decreases in hippocampal/corpus callosum volumes, but not Alzheimer’'s disease-signature regions. For hippocampal volume, and 10 of 14 cortical thickness measurements, the change following ICU admission was significantly more pronounced for those who experienced delirium. ICU admission was not associated with an increased amyloid burden. Conclusions Critical care hospitalization is associated with accelerated brain atrophy in selected brain regions, without increases in amyloid deposition, suggesting a pathogenesis based on neurodegeneration unrelated to Alzheimer’'s pathway.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:47:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 In Brazil’s Atlantic Forest (AF) biodiversity conservation is of key importance since the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has led to the rapid loss of amphibian populations here and worldwide. The impact of Bd on amphibians is determined by the host's immune system, of which the skin microbiome is a critical component. The richness and diversity of such cutaneous bacterial communities are known to be shaped by abiotic factors which thus may indirectly modulate host susceptibility to Bd. This study aimed to contribute to understanding the environment-host–pathogen interaction determining skin bacterial communities in 819 treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae and Phyllomedusidae) from 71 species sampled across the AF. We investigated whether abiotic factors influence the bacterial community richness and structure on the amphibian skin. We further tested for an association between skin bacterial community structure and Bd co-occurrence. Our data revealed that temperature, precipitation, and elevation consistently correlate with richness and diversity of the skin microbiome and also predict Bd infection status. Surprisingly, our data suggest a weak but significant positive correlation of Bd infection intensity and bacterial richness. We highlight the prospect of future experimental studies on the impact of changing environmental conditions associated with global change on environment-host–pathogen interactions in the AF. Institute of Zoology Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3 Laboratório de Herpetologia Depto de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB) Departamento de Biologia Animal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology University of California Davis Laboratório de Antígenos Bacterianos II Departamento de Genética Evolução Microbiologia e Imunologia Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109 Department of Biological Sciences The University of Alabama Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Zoological Institute Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4 Laboratório de Herpetologia Depto de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP

Background Past research has revealed the detrimental effects of social isolation and physical distancing measures in health related outcomes. However, only recently COVID-19 confinement measures provided a context to test whether such detrimental effects exist in the human sexuality domain. Aim This study was aimed at testing the relationship between COVID-19 confinement levels and sexual functioning domains in men and women, while accounting for the mediating role of psychological adjustment during lockdown. Methods Two hundred and forty five men and 417 women completed a web survey on the effects of COVID-19 in sexual health. The reference period includes the first confinement in Portugal (March 19–June 1, 2020). Data were handled under Hays’ procedures for simple mediation analysis. Outcomes Measurement outcomes included self-reported levels of confinement, IIEF and FSFI scores, and psychological adjustment during lockdown. RESULTS Psychological adjustment during lockdown mediated the relationship between confinement levels and most sexual functioning domains in men but not in women. Also, while confinement levels were not directly related with most sexual functioning domains, psychological adjustment during lockdown did predict lower sexual functioning in both genders. Clinical Translation Findings support that human sexual functioning should be framed within a contextual perspective, emphasizing how psychological adjustment and situational life stressors, such as lockdown situations, shape individuals’ sexuality. Such perspective should be considered in treatment protocols implemented during current pandemic. Strengths & Limitations Data add to the literature on the effects of lockdown in the sexuality domain. However, the study precludes inference of causality and targets only a little proportion of all the dynamics involved in sexuality during the current historical moment. CONCLUSION Psychological adjustment during COVID-19 seems to have a role on human sexual functioning, over the single effects of confinement.

Interneurons contribute to the complexity of neural circuits and maintenance of normal brain function. Rodent interneurons originate in embryonic ganglionic eminences, but developmental origins in other species are less understood. Here, we show that transcription factor expression patterns in porcine embryonic subpallium are similar to rodents, delineating a distinct medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) progenitor domain. On the basis of Nkx2.1, Lhx6, and Dlx2 expression, in vitro differentiation into neurons expressing GABA, and robust migratory capacity in explant assays, we propose that cortical and hippocampal interneurons originate from a porcine MGE region. Following xenotransplantation into adult male and female rat hippocampus, we further demonstrate that porcine MGE progenitors, like those from rodents, migrate and differentiate into morphologically distinct interneurons expressing GABA. Our findings reveal that basic rules for interneuron development are conserved across species, and that porcine embryonic MGE progenitors could serve as a valuable source for interneuron-based xenotransplantation therapies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here we demonstrate that porcine medial ganglionic eminence, like rodents, exhibit a distinct transcriptional and interneuron-specific antibody profile, in vitro migratory capacity and are amenable to xenotransplantation. This is the first comprehensive examination of embryonic interneuron origins in the pig; and because a rich neurodevelopmental literature on embryonic mouse medial ganglionic eminence exists (with some additional characterizations in other species, e.g., monkey and human), our work allows direct neurodevelopmental comparisons with this literature.

To investigate if sex-specific physiologic characteristics could impact postoperative respiratory depression risks in women, we studied incidence and risk factors associated with postoperative respiratory depression in a gynecologic surgical cohort. Only hysterectomies performed under general anesthesia from 2012 to 2017 were included to minimize interprocedural variability. Respiratory depression was defined as episodes of apnea, hypopnea, hypoxemia, pain-sedation mismatch, unplanned positive airway pressure device application, or naloxone administration in the post-anesthesia care unit. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the association with clinical characteristics. From 1,974 hysterectomies, 253 had postoperative respiratory depression, yielding an incidence of 128 (95% confidence interval, 114–144) per 1,000 surgeries. Risk factors associated with respiratory depression were older age (odds ratio 1.22 [95% confidence interval 1.02–1.46] per decade increase, p = 0.03), lower body weight (0.77 [0.62–0.94] per 10 kg/m2, p = 0.01), and higher intraoperative opioid dose (1.05 [1.01–1.09] per 10 mg oral morphine equivalents, p = 0.01); while sugammadex use was associated with a reduced risk (0.48 [0.30–0.75], p = 0.002). Respiratory depression was not associated with increased hospital stay, postoperative complications, or mortality. Postoperative respiratory depression risk in women increased with age, lower weight, and higher intraoperative opioids and decreased with sugammadex use; however, it was not associated with postoperative pulmonary complications.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding kinesin family member 3A, KIF3A, have been associated with atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. We find that KIF3A SNP rs11740584 and rs2299007 risk alleles create cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites, which are highly methylated and result in lower KIF3A expression, and this methylation is associated with increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in risk allele carriers. Kif3aK14∆/∆ mice have increased TEWL, disrupted junctional proteins, and increased susceptibility to develop AD. Thus, KIF3A is required for skin barrier homeostasis whereby decreased KIF3A skin expression causes disrupted skin barrier function and promotes development of AD., Genetic variants in KIF3A are associated with atopic dermatitis (AD). Here, the authors identify two AD-risk alleles that show high methylation resulting in lower KIF3A expression. Mice with epidermis-specific loss of Kif3a show disrupted skin barrier homeostasis and increased AD susceptibility.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:03:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-08-01 Distributed across topographically complex landscapes that vary from lowland to high elevation, the Atlantic Forest harbors one of the richest biotas worldwide. Atlantic Forest amphibians are particularly speciose, taxonomic accounts are rising and the group is used as model for biogeographic inference. Past climate-related habitat fragmentation is often invoked to explain diversification, with montane taxa expected to become more widespread during glacial times and restrained at interglacials. In this study we investigate diversification in Ischnocnema lactea and I. holti (Anura: Brachycephalidae), two rare frog species inhabiting Atlantic Forest montane regions in Southeastern Brazil. Previous phylogenetic accounts have suggested uncertain limits between these two sister species. We assembled a multilocus DNA dataset, delimited lineages in this clade, and used ecological niche modeling to explore past and future putative ranges. Assignment analyses and traditional and coalescent phylogenetic methods confirmed the existence of a species complex of Miocene origin comprising nine lineages, most of which show very narrow ranges. Lineages were fully supported as species based in coalescent species delimitation, but the phylogenetic relationships among lineages in higher elevation were unresolved. Models of past ranges suggest extensive suitable areas at the last glacial maximum which, along with phylogenetic uncertainty, are consistent with a hypothesis that climate driven vicariance at higher elevation areas resulted in hard polytomies. Species distribution models under future climates suggest narrower ranges of the lineages relative to now, but no species are currently considered endangered. Overall, our results argue in favor for the reassessment of the taxonomic and conservation status of the I. holti – I. lactea species complex. Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso – UFMT Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia The City College of New York Department of Biology and The Biology Program at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York Universidade do Estado de Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Museu Nacional Departamento de Vertebrados Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP)

OBJECTIVES Delayed anesthesia recovery following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) can be an indicator of immediate complications and negatively impact healthcare efficiency. This study aims to examine clinical factors with a focus on improving clinical practice. METHODS Medical records of patients undergoing ESS under general anesthesia from 2014 to 2018 were reviewed. Based on the interquartile range of anesthesia recovery for the cohort, patients in the upper quartile were categorized as "prolonged" and the lowest three quartiles as "goal" recovery. Patient and surgical characteristics were investigated. RESULTS Analyzing 416 patients who underwent ESS, the median anesthesia recovery time was 48 [35-66] minutes. Prolonged recovery was associated with higher body mass index (odds ratio 1.50 [95% confidence interval 1.03-2.18] per 10 kg/m2 , P = .03) and surgical duration (1.37 [1.10-1.72] per hour, P

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:03:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 The Brazilian Atlantic Forest harbors high levels of anuran diversity and endemism, including several taxa restricted to small geographic ranges. Here, we provide a multilocus phylogeny for Paratelmatobiinae, a leptodactylid subfamily composed of small-ranged species distributed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and in the campo rupestre ecosystem. We performed Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses using three mitochondrial and five nuclear markers, and a matrix comprising a broad taxonomic sampling. We then delimitated independently evolving lineages within the group. We recovered Paratelmatobiinae and each of its four genera as monophyletic and robustly supported. Five putatively new species included in our analyses were unambiguously supported in the phylogenetic trees and delimitation analyses. We also recovered other deeply divergent and geographically structured lineages within the four genera of Paratelmatobiinae. Our estimation of divergence times indicates that diversification in the subfamily began in the Eocene and continued until the Pleistocene. We discuss possible scenarios of diversification for the four genera of Paratelmatobiinae, and outline the implications of our findings for taxonomy and conservation. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515 Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNAT) Campus Dom Bosco Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Praça Dom Helvécio, 74 Museu de Zoologia Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481 Departamento de Ciências Naturais Centro de Ciências Exatas e Naturais Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau Department of Biology City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue Biology Program Graduate Center City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515 Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T20:03:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-06-23 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Animals may host diverse bacterial communities that can markedly affect their behavioral physiology, ecology, and vulnerability to disease. Fungus-farming ants represent a classical example of mutualism that depends on symbiotic microorganisms. Unraveling the bacterial communities associated with fungus-farming ants is essential to understand the role of these microorganisms in the ant-fungus symbiosis. The bacterial community structure of five species of fungus-farmers (non-leaf-cutters; genera Mycocepurus, Mycetarotes, Mycetophylax, and Sericomyrmex) from three different environments in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest (lowland forest, restinga forest, and sand dunes) was characterized with amplicon-based Illumina sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Possible differences in bacterial communities between ants internal to the nest (on the fungus garden) and external foragers were also investigated. Our results on the richness and diversity of associated bacteria provide novel evidence that these communities are host- and colony-specific in fungus-farming ants. Indeed, the bacterial communities associated with external foragers differ among the five species, and among colonies of the same species. Furthermore, bacterial communities from internal ants vs. foragers do not differ or differ only slightly within each ant species. This study highlights the importance of describing ant-associated bacterial communities to better understand this host-bacterial interaction in the social environment of insect colonies and provides the foundation for future studies on the ecological and evolutionary processes that drive the success of fungus-farming ants. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Programa Posgrad Ecol, CP 6109, BR-13083862 Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biodiversidade, Campus Rio Claro, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Programa Posgrad Biol Anim, Campus Sao Jose do Rio Preto, BR-15054000 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Estudos Insetos Sociais, Campus Rio Claro, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Biol Anim, CP 6109, BR-13083862 Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biodiversidade, Campus Rio Claro, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Programa Posgrad Biol Anim, Campus Sao Jose do Rio Preto, BR-15054000 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Estudos Insetos Sociais, Campus Rio Claro, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil CAPES: 001 FAPESP: 2017/26162-8 FAPESP: 2014/24407-3 CNPq: CNPq 306115/2013-1 CNPq: 302219/2017-0 FAPESP: 2014/23141-1 FAPESP: 2017/16645-1

International audience; Strategies employed by pathogenic enteric bacteria, such as Shigella, to subvert the host adaptive immunity are not well defined. Impairment of T lymphocyte chemotaxis by blockage of polarised edge formation has been reported upon Shigella infection. However, the functional impact of Shigella on T lymphocytes remains to be determined. Here, we show that Shigella modulates CD4+ T cell F-actin dynamics and increases cell cortical stiffness. The scanning ability of T lymphocytes when encountering antigen-presenting cells (APC) is subsequently impaired resulting in decreased cell-cell contacts (or conjugates) between the two cell types, as compared with non-infected T cells. In addition, the few conjugates established between the invaded T cells and APCs display no polarised delivery and accumulation of the T cell receptor to the contact zone characterising canonical immunological synapses. This is most likely due to the targeting of intracellular vesicular trafficking by the bacterial type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors IpaJ and VirA. The collective impact of these cellular reshapings by Shigella eventually results in T cell activation dampening. Altogether, these results highlight the combined action of T3SS effectors leading to T cell defects upon Shigella infection.

BACKGROUND: Non-lesional skin in atopic dermatitis (AD) is abnormal, but the pathobiology of lesional and non-lesional skin and the definition of endotypes are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To define lesional and non-lesional endotypes of AD by building the first US-based early life prospective cohort of children with AD, the Mechanisms of Progression from AD to Asthma in Children (MPAACH) cohort. METHODS: We assessed lesional and non-lesional skin TEWL, filaggrin (FLG) and alarmin (S100A8, S100A9) expression, staphylococcal colonization, and patterns of aeroallergen and food sensitization to define non-lesional and lesional phenotypes and endotypes. RESULTS: Pathophysiologic changes were present in lesional and non-lesional skin and were associated with SCORAD. Non-lesional skin had features characteristic of diseased skin including low FLG and high alarmin expression, and increased colonization with S. aureus. In a multivariate model, non-lesional, but not lesional, FLG expression was associated with the development of co-sensitization and moderate-severe AD. Lesional skin was characterized by further deficits in FLG expression (p

BACKGROUND We asked whether patient-specific factors and ultrasound (US) measurements of hip dysplasia severity at initial examination influence short-term residual acetabular dysplasia in patients successfully treated with Pavlik harness for developmental hip dysplasia. METHODS After IRB approval, 134 hips (84 patients) successfully treated by the Pavlik method between August 2011 and October 2014 with follow-up at 12 months of age were identified. Early successful treatment was defined as normal examination and US after approximately 12 weeks of Pavlik treatment. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with acetabular index (AI) measurements at 12 months as well as factors associated with an increase in AI between the 6- and 12-month timepoints (dysplastic progression). RESULTS The study consisted of 134 hips (84 patients). The distribution of dysplastic, Barlow, and Ortolani hips was 44.8% (N=60), 30.6% (N=41), and 24.6% (N=33), respectively. The crude incidence of residual dysplasia at the 6-month visit (AI>30 degrees) was 11.7% (12/102). The incidence of residual dysplasia at the 12-month visit (AI>28 degrees) was 11.8% (13/111). Graf type was the only variable associated with AI values at the 12-month visit (mean difference: Graf type-IV-Other, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-4.9; P=0.026). CONCLUSIONS The risk of residual acetabular dysplasia after normal hip US following Pavlik treatment is not negligible. Radiographic surveillance is warranted to monitor and screen for dysplasia progression. Patients with dislocated Graf type-IV hips at diagnosis are at increased risk of residual acetabular dysplasia at 1 year after successful treatment with the Pavlik method. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III-therapeutic study.

Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl-glycine) (GLY) is the active ingredient of the most used herbicides in the world. GLY is applied in formulated products known as glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH), which could induce effects that are not predicted by toxicity assays with pure GLY. This herbicide is classified as organophosphorus compound, which is known to induce neurotoxic effects. Although this compound is classified as non-neurotoxic by regulatory agencies, acute exposure to GBH causes neurological symptoms in humans. However, there is no consensus in relation to neurotoxic effects of GBH. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the neurotoxic effects of the GBH in the zebrafish Danio rerio, focusing on acute toxicity, the activity and transcript levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive species (RS) formation, and behavioral repertoire. Adult zebrafish were exposed in vivo to three concentrations of GBH Scout®, which contained GLY in formulation (fGLY) (0.065, 1.0 and 10.0 mg L−1 fGLY) for 7 d, and an in vitro assay was performed using also pure GLY. Our results show that GBH induced in zebrafish brain a decrease in cell viability, inhibited mitochondrial complex enzymatic activity, modulated gene expression related to mitochondrial complexes, induced an increase in RS production, promoted hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane, and induced behavioral impairments. Together, our data contributes to the knowledge of the neurotoxic effects of GBH. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as a relevant cellular response that should not be disregarded. Moreover, this study pointed to the mitochondria as an important target of GBH.

Our objective was to examine the association between preoperative cognitive status and postoperative recovery from anesthesia. We included patients (70–91 years old) from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging who received general anesthesia and were admitted to the postanesthesia care unit from January 1, 2010 through April 30, 2018. Procedures were categorized according to patient’s preoperative cognitive status: cognitive impaired (CI) and cognitive unimpaired (CU). Perioperative records were reviewed and analyses were performed with generalized estimating equations. A total of 896 procedures from 611 patients were included, with 203 (22.7%) procedures in the CI group. Compared to CU procedures, CI procedures had higher rates of moderate–deep sedation during anesthesia recovery (52 [25.6%] vs. 103 [14.9%]; odds ratio [OR], 1.91; 95% CI, 1.30–2.80; P

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T19:54:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-03-27 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Rede Baiana de Pesquisa sobre Anfibios (RBPA) Fundacao O Boticario de Protecao a Natureza Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa da Bahia (FAPESB) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) Smithsonian Institution (USA) Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT) The South American and West Indian Casque-headed Treefrogs (Hylidae: Hylinae: Lophyohylini) include 85 species. These are notably diverse in morphology (e.g. disparate levels of cranial hyperossification) and life history (e.g. different reproductive modes, chemical defences), have a wide distribution, and occupy habitats from the tropical rainforests to semiarid scrubland. In this paper, we present a phylogenetic analysis of this hylid tribe based on sequence fragments of up to five mitochondrial (12S, 16S, ND1, COI, Cytb) and six nuclear genes (POMC, RAG-1, RHOD, SIAH, TNS3, TYR). We included most of its species (> 96%), in addition to a number of new species. Our results indicate: (i) the paraphyly of Trachycephalus with respect to Aparasphenodon venezolanus; (ii) the nonmonophyly of Aparasphenodon, with Argenteohyla siemersi, Corythomantis galeata and Nyctimantis rugiceps nested within it, and Ap. venezolanus nested within Trachycephalus; (iii) the polyphyly of Corythomantis; (iv) the nonmonophyly of the recognized species groups of Phyllodytes; and (v) a pervasive low support for the deep relationships among the major clades of Lophyohylini, including C. greeningi and the monotypic genera Itapotihyla and Phytotriades. To remedy the nonmonophyly of Aparasphenodon, Corythomantis, and Trachycephalus, we redefined Nyctimantis to include Aparasphenodon (with the exception of Ap. venezolanus, which we transferred to Trachycephalus), Argenteohyla, and C. galeata. Additionally, our results indicate the need for taxonomic work in the following clades: (i) Trachycephalus dibernardoi and Tr. imitatrix; (ii) Tr. atlas, Tr. mambaiensis and Tr. nigromaculatus; and (iii) Phyllodytes. On the basis of our phylogenetic results, we analyzed the evolution of skull hyperossification and reproductive biology, with emphasis on the multiple independent origins of phytotelm breeding, in the context of Anura. We also analyzed the inter-related aspects of chemical defences, venom delivery, phragmotic behaviour, co-ossification, and prevention of evaporative water loss. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biodiversidade, Av 24A 1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Aquicultura, Av 24A 1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacl, Dept Vertebrados, Setor Herpetol, BR-20940040 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, Trop Herpetol Lab, Rodovia Jorge Amado,Km 16, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil Univ Brasilia, Dept Engn Florestal, Lab Fauna & Unidades Conservacao, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, Museu Zool Joao Moojen, BR-36570900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ West Indies, Zool Museum, Dept Life Sci, St Augustine, Trinidad Tobago Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul, Lab Sistemat Vertebrados, Av Ipiranga 6681,Predio 40,Sala 110, BR-90619900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, UNaM, Inst Biol Subtrop, Lab Genet Evolut Claudio Juan Bidau, Felix Azara 1552,CPA N3300LQF Posadas, Misiones, Argentina Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Lab Herpetol, Campus Litoral Paulista, BR-11330900 Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil Univ Nacl Nordeste, CONICET, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat & Agrimensura, Lab Herpetol,Dept Biol, Av Libertad 5470, RA-3400 Corrientes, Argentina Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Fdn Miguel Lillo, Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Integrated Sci, Dept Biol, Univ Str 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany Univ Fed Rural Rio De Janeiro, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Anim, Caixa Postal 74524, BR-23851970 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Div Herpetol, Angel Gallardo 470,C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Biodiversidad & Biol Expt, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biodiversidade, Av 24A 1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Aquicultura, Av 24A 1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Lab Herpetol, Campus Litoral Paulista, BR-11330900 Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2013/20423-3 FAPESP: 2017/26162-8 FAPESP: 2003/10335-8 FAPESP: 2011/50146-6 FAPESP: 2018/15425-0 FAPESP: 2012/10000-5 FAPESP: 2013/50741-7 FAPESP: 2007/57067-9 FAPESP: 2012/12500-5 CNPq: 167387/20170 CNPq: 155198/2018-1 CNPq: 476789/2009-5 CNPq: 306823/2017-9 CNPq: 140412/2008-5 CNPq: 150377/2012-6 CNPq: 150122/2014-4 Fundacao O Boticario de Protecao a Natureza: 0991_20132 Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa da Bahia (FAPESB): 8951/2014 CAPES: 001 CAPES: 88881.133927/2016-01 CNPq: 140716/2016-5 FAPESP: 2014/50342-8 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT): PICT 2013-404 Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT): 2015-820

The purpose of this study is to establish normal total fetal lung volume reference ranges from 18 to 38 weeks' gestation at 1-week intervals.A retrospective analysis of 665 patients who underwent fetal MRI at two tertiary fetal centers from 2001 to 2013 was performed. Total fetal lung volume was measured in at least two planes, either manually or using a 3D workstation. The mean, median, SD, minimum, maximum, and lower and upper quartiles for total fetal lung volume were determined per gestational week. A t test was used to compare our values to previously reported values. A new formula to calculate total fetal lung volume derived from our data was created using a regression model. Comparisons between total fetal lung volume obtained by different imaging planes and manual versus semiautomatic calculation were also performed.The mean normal total fetal lung volume showed a weekly increase from 18 through 35 weeks' gestation. Means were compared with the expected total fetal lung volume generated by the Rypens formula, showing statistically significant lower mean total fetal lung volume from week 19 to week 22 (p0.05). Comparison between our data-derived total fetal lung volume formula and the Rypens formula showed very similar values at every gestational age. No difference in total fetal lung volume was seen when comparing imaging planes or manual versus semiautomatic methods.Measured mean total fetal lung volume values at 19-22 weeks are significantly lower than those predicted by the Rypens formula. Therefore, we propose preferential use of our values for prenatal counseling and delivery planning.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:30:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-10-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The New World screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is an important livestock pest endemic to the Americas that has been eradicated from North and continental Central America with a control program based on the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). The establishment of target management units is a strategic step in the implementation of new control programs, which can be achieved using genetic studies of natural populations. Previous studies of New World screwworm fly populations were conducted on the continental scale and identified four main groups: two in South America and two in the Caribbean. However, studies within these groups are needed to determine which smaller geographic areas can be treated as management units. Here, we analyze the genetic variability distribution and the population demographic signals of the New World screwworm fly in a 6,000 km(2) area located along the border of Brazil and Uruguay.This area was the subject of the first control pilot program conducted in South America. We studied eight microsatellite loci and sequences from two mitochondrial DNA regions in individuals sampled at 20-25 livestock breeding farms. We observed no population structure and found high genetic variability on the geographical scale sampled for both molecular markers. Our microsatellite data suggest that these populations are not in equilibrium, and demographic analyses based on mitochondrial data indicate population expansion.These results suggest that this geographic scale is not adequate for future New World screwworm fly management in South America. Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Inst Biol, Dept Genet Evolucao Microbiol & Imunol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Programa Posgrad Genet & Biol Mol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Ctr Biol Mol & Engn Genet, Av Candido Rondon 400, BR-13083875 Campinas, SP, Brazil Inst Pasteur Montevideo, Unidad Bioinformat, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil CNPq: 578231/2008-5 MAPA CNPq: 141777/2014-1

Reducing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission is still a public health priority. The development of effective control strategies relies on the quantification of the effects of prophylactic and therapeutic measures in disease incidence. Although several assays can be used to estimate HIV incidence, these estimates are limited by the poor performance of these assays in distinguishing recent from long-standing infections. To address such limitation, we have developed an assay to titrate p24-specific IgG3 antibodies as a marker of recent infection. The assay is based on a recombinant p24 protein capable to detect total IgG antibodies in sera using a liquid micro array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subsequently, the assay was optimised to detect and titrate anti-p24 IgG3 responses in a panel of sequential specimens from seroconverters over 24 months. The kinetics of p24-specific IgG3 titres revealed a transient peak in the 4 to 5-month period after seroconversion. It was followed by a sharp decline, allowing infections with less than 6 months to be distinguished from older ones. The developed assay exhibited a mean duration of recent infection of 144 days and a false-recent rate of ca. 14%. Our findings show that HIV-1 p24-specific IgG3 titres can be used as a tool to evaluate HIV incidence in serosurveys and to monitor the efficacy of vaccines and other transmission control strategies.