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Aim of the present study is to evaluate the in vitro, in vivo and in silico drug-drug interaction between Vildagliptin and Bisoprolol fumarate. Interaction between Vildagliptin and Bisoprolol fumarate has been studied in a system of water at a fixed 370C at pH 1.0, 3.0 and 6.8 by using spectral observation, Job’s method of continuous variation, Ardon’s method. In silico complexation was measured by NMR prediction and DDI-CPI analysis. From spectrophotometric study, Vildagliptin and Bisoprolol fumarate give different spectra when Vildagliptin mixed with Bisoprolol fumarate in 1:1 mixture, intensity of spectra of Vildagliptin transform surprisingly due to interaction. The jobs plot was attained by plotting absorbance difference (D) against the mole fraction of the each drug at pH 1, 3, and 6.8. Vildagliptin moderate for 1:1 mixture with Bisoprolol fumarate and slightly lower spectra indicate the formation of 1:1 mixture of Vildagliptin with Bisoprolol fumarate. The value of stability constant for the drug-drug system at pH 1.0, 3.0 and 6.8 are 1.875 0.7778 and 1.2000 respectively. From the IR report it also proved that Vildagliptin and Bisoprolol fumarate produced interaction. In this OGTT test at 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 complex blood glucose level decrease compared to Vildagliptin. Because when drug-drug interaction happened, then drug cannot exhibit its main activity. That’s why in this test complex showed different activity. In in silico methods, results showed that the drugs interact with each other. So, a careful concern is desired during simultaneous administration of Vildagliptin with Bisoprolol fumarate.IIUC Studies Vol.14(1) June 2017: 29-44

Objective: To examine hypoglycemic and antibacterial activity against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria of organic extracts of four Bangladeshi plants. Methods: An in vivo hypoglycemic effect on mice model was used to check the hypoglycemic effect of four Bangladeshi herbal organic extracts viz., roots of Curculigo recurvata W. T. Aiton (Satipata) (C. recurvata), leaf of Amorphophallus bulbifer Roxb. (Olkachu) (A. bulbifer), whole plant of Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb. (Nillata) (T. grandiflora) and leaf of Steudnera colocasiifolia K. Koch (Yunnan) (S. colocasiifolia) using glibenclamide as a positive control and water as a negative control. They were also tested for antibacterial activity on three Grampositive and four Gram-negative bacteria by disk diffusion method. C. recurvata, A. bulbifer and T. grandiflora were extracted with methanol and S. colocasiifolia was extracted with ethanol. Results: Among all the plant extract, only ethanol extract of S. colocasiifolia leaves at 800 mg/ kg dose significantly (P < 0.01) reduced fasting glucose level in normal mice as compared to standard drug glibenclamide (5 mg/kg). Ethanol extract of S. colocasiifolia leaves at 800 mg/ kg dose decreased 20.28% of blood glucose level after 2 h of administration in normal mice, where glibenclamide decreased 39.63%. Methanol extract of T. grandiflra didn’t show any zone of inhibition against the tested bacteria, but other three extracts showed a wide range of zone of inhibition. However, none of the extract showed antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria. Methanol extract of C. recurvata showed maximum zone of inhibition against Bacillus cereus [(10.50 ± 0.50) mm], Salmonella typhi [(16.20 ± 1.26) mm], Escherichia coli [(13.00 ± 1.00) mm] and ethanol extract of S. colocasiifolia showed maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus [(11.20 ± 1.26 (mm)], Bacillus subtilis [(12.00 ± 0.50 (mm)], Salmonella paratyphi [(10.80 ± 0.29 (mm)]. Only methanol extract of A. bulbifer showed (8.50 ± 0.50) mm and (7.20 ± 0.76) mm zone of inhibition against Pseudomomas aeruginosa at 1 000 and 800 µg/disk dose respectively. Conclusions: Through our study, it was found that S. colocasiifolia could be considered as very promising and beneficial hypoglycemic agent. Although C. recurvata and S. colocasiifolia showed comparable high antibacterial activity, further studies should be needed to develop new antibacterial agent from them. S. colocasiifolia may be a potential source for the development of new oral hypoglycemic agent.

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is mostly deregulated and over expressed in ovarian cancer, which is directly linked with STAT3 activation that leads to the accumulation of anti-apoptotoc events and thus, platinum drug resistance occurs. Regarding this, increasing of platinum drug sensitivity by targeting EGFR receptor along with platinum drugs is one of the major strategies in ovarian cancer treatment. In this context, using molecular simulation studies, the present study described the structural and functional properties of silibinin as a potential inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase, and also its metabolic profile had been investigated by SOM prognosis. According to the results, silibinin have shown the significant binding energy by interacting with important residues in the active site. Again, it also processed medium absorption profile with no Fe accessibility. Furthermore, the study is also useful for further clinical based studies and also for the validation of toxicological and pharmacokinetic study.

Background In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial, anthelmintic, and analgesic activities of methanol extract of P. sylvaticum leaves (MEPSL) in experimental models. Then, computational analysis (in silico molecular docking and PASS prediction) was performed to determine the potent phytoconstituents of total six isolated compounds of this plant for antibacterial and anthelmintic activities. Methods Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies were carried out by established methods. In vitro antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion technique and anthelmintic activity was tested against Tubifex tubifex worm whereas analgesic activity was determined by the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. Molecular docking study was performed using Schrödinger Maestro 10.1 and an online tool used for PASS prediction. Results Our phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and also indicated a substantial amount of phenols (65.83 mg), flavonoids (102.56 mg), and condensed tannins (89.32 mg). MEPSL showed good antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Our result exhibited that MEPSL has strong anthelmintic action compared to standard levamisole. In addition, the extract also showed a dose-dependent and statistically significant analgesic activity at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, body weight. Docking studies showed that piperine and piperlonguminine have the best scores for the tested enzymes. PASS predicted the antibacterial and anthelmintic activity of both phytoconstituents. Conclusions This study suggests that MEPSL possess significant antibacterial, anthelmintic, and analgesic activities which could be related to the presence of several phytochemicals. The phytoconstituents, i.e. piperine and piperlonguminine were found to be most effective in computational studies.

Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of Macaranga denticulata (Met.MD) in an animal model, followed by molecular docking analysis. Methods: Antinociceptive activity was determined by acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced licking test in mice. Then, molecular docking study was performed to identify compounds having maximum activity against the COX-1 enzyme using Schrodinger Maestro (version 10.1) to determine docking fitness. Results: A preliminary phytochemical analysis of Met.MD revealed that it contained alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. Met.MD exhibited a dose-dependent and statistically significant antinociceptive activity in the acetic acid and formalin test at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. In addition, our docking study showed that macarangin had the best fitness score of −5.81 with COX-1 enzyme among six major compounds of M. denticulata. Conclusions: Results of the present study confirmed the potential antinociceptive activity of M. denticulata leaf extract in both in vivo and in silico models.

BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate whether tested organic extracts possess antithrombotic properties with minimal or no toxicity and to predict the activity of some of their isolated compounds. METHODS An in vitro thrombolytic model was used to check the clot lysis effect of four Bangladeshi herbal extracts viz., roots of Curculigo recurvata W.T. Aiton (Satipata), leaf of Amorphophallus bulbifer Roxb. (Olkachu), leaf of Phyllanthus sikkimensis Muell. Arg., and whole plant of Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb. (Nillata) using streptokinase as a positive control and water as a negative control. Cytotoxicity was screened by brine shrimp lethality bioassay using vincristine sulfate as positive control. In silico prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) prediction was applied for phytoconstituents, namely, nyasicoside, glucomannan, grandifloric acid, serine, and alanine. RESULTS Using an in vitro thrombolytic model, C. recurvata, A. bulbifer, P. sikkimensis, and T. grandiflora showed 28.10±1.64%, 42.47±1.96%, 32.86±1.92%, and 25.51±1.67% of clot lysis, respectively. Reference drug streptokinase exhibited 75.00±3.04% clot lysis. Examined herbs showed significant (p

Background Hopea Odorata, locally known as Telsur (Bangladesh), has some traditional uses as folk medicine. This study aims to investigate the antioxidant, antidiarrheal, hypoglycemic and thrombolytic activities of H. odorata leaf extracts as new therapeutic prospects predicting the activity of some of the isolated compounds of this plant. Methods Leaves of Hopea odorata was extracted with pure methanol (MEHO), ethanol (EEHO) and water (AEHO). The extract was tested for antioxidant activity by using reducing power and H2O2 scavenging assay. Antidiarrheal effects were assayed by three standard methods of bioassay: Castor oil-induced diarrhea, Castor oil induced enteropooling and gastrointestinal transit test. Hypoglycemic effect was determined by normoglycemic model of mice. Thrombolytic activity was evaluated by clot lyses test for human and mice blood. In silico PASS prediction was applied for phytoconstituents namely Balanocarpol, Hopeaphenol and Ampelopsin H isolated from this plant. Result Among the all extracts, MEHO exhibited strong antioxidant activity in both reducing power and H2O2 scavenging assay. Phenol content of MEHO was 297.22 ± 0.78 mg/g and flavonol content was 91.53 ± 1.82 mg/g. All the experiment of extracts at dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg and the standard drug loperamide (5 mg/kg) showed significant (p