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Two new species of Perenniporia, P. pseudotephroporasp. nov. and P. subcorticolasp. nov., are introduced respectively from Brazil and China based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. Perenniporia pseudotephropora is characterised by perennial, pileate basidiocarps with distinctly stratified tubes, grey pores, tissues becoming dark in KOH, a dimitic hyphal system with slightly dextrinoid arboriform skeletal hyphae and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, truncate, weakly dextrinoid, cyanophilous basidiospores, measuring 4.9–5.2 × 4–4.8 μm. Perenniporia subcorticola is characterised by resupinate basidiocarps, yellow pores with thick dissepiments, tissues becoming dark in KOH, flexuous skeletal hyphae, ellipsoid, truncate and slightly dextrinoid basidiospores, measuring 4.2–5 × 3.5–4.2 µm. The morphologically-similar species and phylogenetically closely-related species to the two new species are discussed.

Polyporaceae is one of the most important families of Basidiomycota. Investigations on the species diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of Polyporaceae in China are carried out. So far 217 species belonging to 42 genera are reported from China. Two new genera: Amylosporia gen. nov. and Murinicarpus gen. nov., twelve new species: Coriolopsis dendriformis sp. nov., C. hainanensis sp. nov., Funalia cystidiata sp. nov., Haploporus microsporus sp. nov., Perenniporia citrinoalba sp. nov., P. yinggelingensis sp. nov., Picipes hainanensis sp. nov., P. jiajinensis sp. nov., P. pseudovarius sp. nov., Trametes duplexa sp. nov., T. ellipsoidea sp. nov. and T. stiptica sp. nov., and six new combinations, Amylosporia hattorii comb. nov., Hornodermoporus latissimus comb. nov., Murinicarpus subadustus comb. nov., Picipes pumilus comb. nov., Vanderbylia delavayi comb. nov. and Vanderbylia robiniophila comb. nov., are proposed. All the species are described based on the Chinese collections. Keys to genera of Polyporaceae occurring in China and keys to species of each genus are provided. This monograph provides a revised classification of Polyporaceae in China according to the modern taxonomy. The phylogeny of Polyporaceae from China are reconstructed based on DNA sequences of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nSSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1), the β-tubulin gene (TBB1), the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) and second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. In addition, full morphological descriptions, illustrations, color photographs, taxonomic notes, ecology and all the available sequences of Polyporaceae species found from China are provided.

Three new meroterpenoids (1–3) together with one known compound (4) were isolated from the culture broth of Perenniporia medulla-panis, a wood-rotting fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and HRESIMS analyses. These compounds exhibited antioxidant activity with IC50 values ranging from 12.8 to 190.3 μM in the 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging assay.

Poriella subacida gen. & comb. nov., previously known as Perenniporia subacida, which causes white rot, has been documented in temperate and tropical forests. Specimens from Asia, North America, and Europe were examined, including the type specimen of Polylorus subacidus. Sequences of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, the 28S rDNA, the mitochondrial rDNA small subunit (mtSSU), and the gene encoding the translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1) were generated. In multigene phylogenies (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, Bayesian inferences), “Perenniporia subacida” formed a well-supported lineage, distinct from the core “Perenniporia” clade (type species: “P. medulla-panis”), and sister to the “Yuchengia narymica” lineage. We therefore conclude that “P. subacida” should be placed in the new genus “Poriella”gen. nov. Morphologically, “Poriella” is characterized by a di- to trimitic hyphal system, non-truncate basidiospores, and strongly dextrinoid, cyanophilic skeletal hyphae.

One of the main aims of the University of Pavia mycology laboratory was to collect wood decay fungal (WDF) strains in order to deepen taxonomic studies, species distribution, officinal properties or to investigate potential applications such as biocomposite material production based on fungi. The Italian Alps, Apennines and wood plains were investigated to collect Basidiomycota basidiomata from living or dead trees. The purpose of this study was to investigate the wood decay strains of the Mediterranean area, selecting sampling sites in North and Central Italy, including forests near the Ligurian and Adriatic seas, or near the Lombardy lakes. The isolation of mycelia in pure culture was performed according to the current methodology and the identity of the strains was confirmed by molecular analyses. The strains are maintained in the Research Culture Collection MicUNIPV of Pavia University (Italy). Among the 500 WDF strains in the collection, the most interesting isolates from the Mediterranean area are: Dichomitus squalens (basidioma collected from Pinus pinea), Hericium erinaceus (medicinal mushroom), Inocutis tamaricis (white-rot agent on Tamarix trees), Perenniporia meridionalis (wood degrader through Mn peroxidase) and P. ochroleuca. In addition, strains of species related to the Mediterranean climate (e.g., Fomitiporia mediterranea and Cellulariella warnieri) were obtained from sites with a continental-temperate climate.

Perenniporiopsis gen. nov. is described to accommodate Perenniporiopsis minutissima spec. et comb. nov. Phylogenetic analyses based on two data sets, [ITS+n28S nrRNA] and [ITS, n28S, mtSSU, tef1], and using Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inferences, showed that specimens of Perenniporia minutissima form a monophyletic well-supported clade within the core polyporoid clade, The new genus grouped with the Abundisporus, Perenniporiella and Perenniporia s.s. lineages, and is phylogenetically distinct from the Perenniporia s.s. lineage (100% BS, 99% MP, 1.00 BPP). Morphologically, the consistency of the basidiocarps, waxy when fresh, drying rigidly osseous, as well as the large basidiospores characterize this species and distinguish it from Perenniporia s.s. The species seems to be endemic to temperate east Asia, and is known from temperate Japan and China.

Background and aims – This study is a part of an ongoing survey of Perenniporia (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) in the Neotropics and presents a new species from French Guiana and a second record of the little known Perenniporia sinuosa.Methods – Species are described using morphology-based methods.Key results – Perenniporia nouraguensis is proposed as new. A new record of Perenniporia sinuosa, previously only known from the type specimen originating from Amazonas, Brazil, is commented, and its taxonomic position is briefly discussed. A key to the Perenniporia species with resupinate basidiomata is also presented.Conclusion – Perenniporia nouraguensis is added for the Neotropics. This species and P. sinuosa are very likely endemic to the Neotropics.

Four new resupinate species, Perenniporia hainaniana, P. macropora, P. russeimarginata and P. subtephropora, are described as new from southern China on the basis of morphological and molecular examination. Perenniporia hainaniana is characterized by a perennial growth habit, cream to buff pore surface, a dimitic to trimitic hyphal system with amyloid skeletal hyphae and presence of dendrohyphidia. Perenniporia macropora is distinguished by an annual growth habit, large pores (2-3 per mm), a dimitic hyphal system with branched skeletal hyphae and presence of dendrohyphidia. Perenniporia russeimarginata differs from other species in the genus by a perennial growth habit, white to cream pore surface and reddish to reddish brown sterile margin. Perenniporia subtephropora is characterized by a perennial growth habit, cream-buff to grayish buff pore surface, hymenophoral trama becoming black in KOH and a dimitic hyphal system with branched skeletal hyphae. Phylogenetic analysis inferred from the ITS and LSU-rDNA regions revealed eight clades for Perenniporia sensu lato with the four new species recognized in Perenniporia sensu stricto. The Perenniporia ochroleuca group, P. vicina group, P. martia group, P. subacida, Microporellus, Perenniporiella and Abundisporus, formed monophyletic entities respectively, and they are not related to P. medulla-panis (generic type), which belongs to Perenniporia sensu stricto. Abundisporus, Microporellus and Perenniporiella were widely applied as generic names. Other generic or clade names, Hornodermoporus, Truncospora, Vanderbylia and the P. subacida clade, have not been widely applied, but they are valid higher level taxa containing former species of Perenniporia. A key to genera and clades allied with Perennioporia sensu stricto and a key to species of Perennioporia are provided.

Truncospora wisconsinensis sp. nov., a new poroid wood-inhabiting species, is proposed based on a combination of molecular and morphological data. This species demonstrates a unique combination of characters including: annual habit; pileate basidiomata with a white pileus and pore surface; a dimitic hyphal system with non- to slightly dextrinoid, cyanophilous skeletal hyphae; and ellipsoid, truncate, slightly thick-walled, strongly dextrinoid basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses using ITS and partial tef1-α support the position of this new species as a sister clade of T. ohiensis.

Perenniporiella chaquenia sp. nov. is described from Argentina. New records of P. pendula and P micropora are discussed. A key to Perenniporiella species is presented. Preliminary phylogenetic relationships of Perenniporiella are inferred from parsimony and Bayesian analysis of a combined set of DNA sequence data (nuclear ribosomal partial LSU and ITS). It. demonstrated that Perenniporiella forms a well resolved monophyletic clade distantly related to Perenniporia s.s. It also clearly showed that within Perenniporia as Usually conceived other morphologically homogeneous group of taxa, Such as the P. ochroleuca or P. vicina alliances, form well resolved clades, which Could be recognized as distinct genera. The differentiation of the hyphal system and the basidiospores morphology are outlined as critical features for the definition of genera in the Perenniporia complex. Fil: Robledo, Gerardo Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Amalfi, Mario. Université Catholique de Louvain; Bélgica Fil: Castillo, Gabriel. Université de Liege; Bélgica Fil: Rajchenberg, Mario. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Decock, Cony. Université Catholique de Louvain; Bélgica