1. International expert consensus on the management of allergic rhinitis (AR) aggravated by air pollutants
- Author
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David B. Peden, Wisuwat Songnuan, G. Walter Canonica, Luis Caraballo, Karl-Christian Bergmann, Menachem Rottem, Erminia Ridolo, Jean Bousquet, Sandra Diaz, German D. Ramon, Gennaro D'Amato, S. Alfonso M. Cepeda, Herberto José Chong Neto, Nelson Rosario, Samar A. Idriss, Todor A. Popov, Philip W. Rouadi, Ruby Pawankar, Robert M. Naclerio, Leonard Bielory, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Lorenzo Cecchi, and Carmen Galán
- Subjects
CO, Carbon monoxide ,Non-allergic rhinitis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Air pollution ,ARE, Antioxidant response element ,medicine.disease_cause ,AR, Allergic rhinitis ,Allergic rhinitis ,SOD, Superoxide dismutase ,0302 clinical medicine ,Indoor air quality ,CFS, Chronic fatigue syndrome ,MSQPCR, Mold specific quantitative PCR ,DEP, Diesel exhaust particles ,HDM, House dust mites ,OAP, Outdoor air pollution ,Immunology and Allergy ,Climate change ,GSH-Px, Glutathione peroxidase ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,ECP, Eosinophil cationic protein ,HEPA, High efficiency particulate air ,ECAT, Elemental carbon attributable to traffic ,COPD ,Fexofenadine ,PAMP, Pathogen-associated molecular patterns ,PM, Particulate matter ,Nrf2, Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor ,3. Good health ,RNS, Reactive nitrosative species ,MCP, Monocyte chemotactic protein ,INS, Intranasal steroids ,Antihistamine ,Antioxidant enzymes ,NAR, Non allergic rhinitis ,medicine.drug ,Air pollutants ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,DAMP, Damage-associated molecular patterns ,UFP, Ultra-fine particles ,NO2, Nitrogen dioxide ,Immunology ,SO2, Sulphur dioxide ,COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,Article ,HVAC, Heating, ventilation and air conditioning ,IAP, Indoor air pollution ,AP, Activator protein ,NF-κβ, Nuclear factor kappa β ,03 medical and health sciences ,HEPA ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Occupational rhinitis ,PON, Paraoxonase ,Pollutant ,TOS, Total oxidative status ,LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase ,TLR, Toll like receptor ,business.industry ,IAQ, Indoor air quality ,TRAP, Traffic related air pollutants ,TNF, Tumor necrosis factor ,medicine.disease ,AER, Allergic eosinophilic rhinitis ,030228 respiratory system ,13. Climate action ,Oxidative stress ,NOx, Nitric oxides ,O3, Ozone ,HO, Hemeoxygenase ,VOCs, Volatile organic compound ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,business ,ROS, Reactive oxygen species - Abstract
Allergic rhinitis affects the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. Air pollution not only causes morbidity, but nearly 3 million people per year die from unhealthy indoor air exposure. Furthermore, allergic rhinitis and air pollution interact. This report summarizes the discussion of an International Expert Consensus on the management of allergic rhinitis aggravated by air pollution. The report begins with a review of indoor and outdoor air pollutants followed by epidemiologic evidence showing the impact of air pollution and climate change on the upper airway and allergic rhinitis. Mechanisms, particularly oxidative stress, potentially explaining the interactions between air pollution and allergic rhinitis are discussed. Treatment for the management of allergic rhinitis aggravated by air pollution primarily involves treating allergic rhinitis by guidelines and reducing exposure to pollutants. Fexofenadine a non-sedating oral antihistamine improves AR symptoms aggravated by air pollution. However, more efficacy studies on other pharmacological therapy of coexisting AR and air pollution are currently lacking. Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, Occupational rhinitis, Air pollution, Climate change, Air pollutants, Indoor air quality, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant enzymes
- Published
- 2020