1. Aberrant DNA damage response and DNA repair pathway in high glucose conditions
- Author
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Raymond Gau, Melissa Chang, Daniel J. Riley, Phang Lang Chen, Yumay Chen, Theresa Yu, and Amy Zhong
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Genome instability ,Chemo resistant ,Kidney Disease ,DNA repair ,DNA damage ,Metabolic and Endocrine ,medicine.disease_cause ,DNA damage response ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Diabetes mellitus ,Genetics ,medicine ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,CHEK1 ,Cancer ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,Chemistry ,checkpoint kinase 1 ,Diabetes ,DNA Repair Pathway ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,ATR ,Cancer research ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Author(s): Zhong, Amy; Chang, Melissa; Yu, Theresa; Gau, Raymond; Riley, Daniel J; Chen, Yumay; Chen, Phang-Lang | Abstract: BackgroundHigher cancer rates and more aggressive behavior of certain cancers have been reported in populations with diabetes mellitus. This association has been attributed in part to the excessive reactive oxygen species generated in diabetic conditions and to the resulting oxidative DNA damage. It is not known, however, whether oxidative stress is the only contributing factor to genomic instability in patients with diabetes or whether high glucose directly also affects DNA damage and repair pathways.ResultsNormal renal epithelial cells and renal cell carcinoma cells are more chemo- and radiation resistant when cultured in high concentrations of glucose. In high glucose conditions, the CHK1-mediated DNA damage response is not activated properly. Cells in high glucose also have slower DNA repair rates and accumulate more mutations than cells grown in normal glucose concentrations. Ultimately, these cells develop a transforming phenotype.ConclusionsIn high glucose conditions, defective DNA damage responses most likely contribute to the higher mutation rate in renal epithelial cells, in addition to oxidative DNA damage. The DNA damage and repair are normal enzyme dependent mechanisms requiring euglycemic environments. Aberrant DNA damage response and repair in cells grown in high glucose conditions underscore the importance of maintaining good glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus and cancer.
- Published
- 2018