1. Quercetin alleviates acute kidney injury by inhibiting ferroptosis
- Author
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Chongxiu Yue, Xianjing Li, Lutz Birnbaumer, Yanting Lin, Hongbao Yang, Xinghua Gao, Yong Yang, Yue Wang, Ran Bi, Qiuhua Cao, Xinmeng Cui, and Fei Quan
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,0301 basic medicine ,MUERTE CELULAR REGULADA ,MACROFAGOS DEL HIGADO ,Pharmacology ,CCL2 ,SLC7A11 ,urologic and male genital diseases ,GPX4 ,QUERCETINA ,Article ,Flow cytometry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,medicine ,Ferroptosis ,Viability assay ,lcsh:Science (General) ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,Macrophages ,Glutathione ,Malondialdehyde ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Acute kidney injury ,body regions ,030104 developmental biology ,FERROPTOSIS ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,biology.protein ,LESION RENAL AGUDA ,Quercetin ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Activation transcription factor 3 ,lcsh:Q1-390 - Abstract
Graphical abstract A proposed model illustrating the therapeutic effect of QCT on AKI. QCT inhibits the expression of ATF3. While ATF3 blocks the system Xc-, and then suppresses GPX4, inducing ferroptosis. In another side, ferroptotic cells secrete chemokines like CCL2, CCL7, induce the recruitment of macrophages, and then cause the inflammation in AKI. In summary, QCT ameliorates AKI through the inhibition on ferroptosis and the following inflammation., Highlights • Quercetin (QCT) inhibits ferroptosis but not apoptosis, necrosis or autophagy of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, and ameliorates AKI induced by ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) or folic acid (FA). • Activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3) plays an important role in cell ferroptosis, while QCT significantly inhibits the expression of ATF3 and further blocks the downstream signaling pathway of ferroptosis. • Ferroptotic cells induce the recruitment and chemotaxis of macrophages through CCL2, triggering inflammation and enhancing tissue injury., Introduction Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated necrosis and has been proven to contribute to the progress of acute kidney injury (AKI). Quercetin (QCT), a natural flavonoid which is commonly found in numerous fruits and vegetables, has extensive pharmacological effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-senescence effects. Objectives This study aims to explain whether ferroptosis is a therapeutic strategy to AKI, and to explore the effect of QCT on AKI ferroptosis. Methods NRK-52E cells and HK-2 cells were used for in vitro ferroptosis studies. Morphology of cells was detected by transmission electron microscopy. Lipid ROS was assayed using flow cytometry. In vivo, AKI was induced by ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) or folic acid (FA). To explore the molecular mechanisms, RNA-sequence analysis was performed. Transwell was used to detect macrophage migration. Results We discovered that quercetin (QCT), a natural flavonoid, inhibited ferroptosis in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. QCT blocked the typical morphologic changes of ferroptotic cells by reducing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid ROS and increasing the levels of glutathione (GSH). Moreover, QCT ameliorated AKI induced by I/R or FA. RNA-sequence analysis highlighted activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3), as it was the dominant one among all the 299 down-regulated genes by QCT. Knockdown of ATF3 could significantly increase the levels of SLC7A11, GPX4 and increased the cell viability. In addition, ferroptotic cells were found to be extremely pro-inflammatory by recruiting macrophages through CCL2, while QCT inhibited the chemotaxis of macrophages induced by ferroptosis in AKI. Conclusions Collectively, these results identify QCT as a ferroptosis inhibitor and provide new therapeutic strategies for diseases related to ferroptosis.
- Published
- 2021