1. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in normal immune responses and in allergic disorders
- Author
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Mohamed H. Shamji, Gianni Marone, Stephen R. Durham, James A. Harker, Gilda Varricchi, Francesco Borriello, Varricchi, Gilda, Harker, J., Borriello, Francesco, Marone, Gianni, Durham, S. R., and Shamji, M. H.
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Allergy ,Cellular differentiation ,Immunology ,Cell Communication ,Immunoglobulin E ,CXCR5 ,Immune System Phenomena ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Interleukin 21 ,Immune system ,Cell Movement ,T-Lymphocyte Subsets ,IL-21 ,Hypersensitivity ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,T follicular helper cell ,Interleukin 4 ,Allergen immunotherapy ,B-Lymphocytes ,CD40 ,biology ,Interleukins ,IL-4 ,Immunity ,T cell ,Germinal center ,Cell Differentiation ,T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ,Germinal Center ,030104 developmental biology ,Models, Animal ,biology.protein ,IgE - Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh ) are located within germinal centers of lymph nodes. Cognate interaction between Tfh , B cells, and IL-21 drives B cells to proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells thereby leading to antibody production. Tfh cells and IL-21 are involved in infectious and autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiencies, vaccination, and cancer. Human peripheral blood CXCR5(+) CD4(+) T cells comprise different subsets of Tfh -like cells. Despite the importance of the IgE response in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders, little is known about the role of follicular and blood Tfh cells and IL-21 in human and experimental allergic disease. Here, we review recent advances regarding the phenotypic and functional characteristics of both follicular and blood Tfh cells and of the IL-21/IL-21R system in the context of allergic disorders.
- Published
- 2016