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Resumen Introduccion La validacion de cuestionarios es fundamental en el proceso de medicion de cualquier estudio de investigacion. El cuestionario Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) es util como tamizaje para la deteccion de enfermedades reumaticas. Objetivo Adecuar y validar la metodologia y el cuestionario COPCORD en poblacion colombiana. Materiales y metodos Se realizo un estudio de validacion de metodologia COPCORD que incluyo: 1) adecuacion transcultural del cuestionario COPCORD del espanol mexicano, y 2) validacion de los cuestionarios: COPCORD, cuestionario de nivel socioeconomico, uso de servicios de salud y un instrumento de calidad de vida (EQ-5D-3L), siguiendo las guias internacionales. Resultados Participaron 329 sujetos de 6 ciudades de Colombia, 10 en la primera fase del estudio y 309 en la segunda; un 67,3% fueron mujeres, con una edad promedio de 46,4 anos, con una escolaridad entre basica y media (77%). Los participantes residian en Bogota (29,4%), Barranquilla (22%), Cali (20,3%), Medellin (15,2%), Bucaramanga (6,4%) y Cucuta (6,4%). Reportaron dolor musculoesqueletico en los ultimos 7 dias el 43,6% y dolor historico el 68,9%. En 127 (41,1%) se establecio un diagnostico reumatologico: osteoartrosis (9,3%), sindrome de dolor regional (5,5%), lumbalgia (5,1%) y artritis reumatoide (0,9%). La validez interna fue de 0,70. Al comparar el cuestionario COPCORD con la revision por el reumatologo, tuvo una sensibilidad del 70,8%, una especificidad del 35%, una razon de verosimilitud positiva de 1,09 y un area bajo la curva de 0,53. Conclusiones El cuestionario COPCORD es valido como prueba de tamizaje de deteccion de malestares musculoesqueleticos y enfermedades reumaticas en poblacion colombiana.

Introduction The validation of questionnaires is fundamental in the measurement process of any research study. The Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) questionnaire is useful as a screening tool for the detection of rheumatic diseases. Objective To adapt and validate the methodology and the COPCORD questionnaire in the Colombian population. Materials and methods A validation study of the COPCORD methodology was carried out that included: (1) transcultural adaptation of the COPCORD questionnaire of Mexican Spanish, and (2) validation of the questionnaires: COPCORD, socioeconomic level questionnaire, use of health services and a quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L), following international guidelines. Results A total of 329 subjects of 6 cities in Colombia participated in the process, with 10 in the first phase and 309 in the second. Approximately two-thirds (67.3%) were women. The mean age was 46.4±18.4 years, with an educational level between basic and medium (77%). Participants resided in Bogota (29.4%), Barranquilla (22%), Cali (20.3%), Medellin (15.2%), Bucaramanga (6.4%), and Cucuta (6.4%). Musculoskeletal pain in the previous 7 days was reported by 43.6%, and historical pain was reported by 68.9%. A rheumatological diagnosis was established in 127 (41.1%) cases: osteoarthrosis (9.3%), regional pain syndromes (5.5%), low back pain (5.1%), and rheumatoid arthritis (0.9%). The internal validity was 0.70. When comparing the COPCORD questionnaire with the diagnosis made by the rheumatologist, it had a sensitivity of 70.8%, specificity 35%, positive likelihood ratio of 1.09 m and area under the curve of 0.53. Conclusions The COPCORD questionnaire is valid as a screening test to detect musculoskeletal complaints and rheumatic diseases in the Colombian population.

Introduction Rheumatic diseases are the leading cause of permanent disability. The COPCORD model is an effective tool in the determination of the prevalence of diseases. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of rheumatic disease in a Colombian population over 18 years of age. Methods A prevalence study was carried out using a probabilistic method of stratified random sampling in three stages: cartographic sectors in each city, selection of the blocks of each sector, and the households of each block. The COPCORD questionnaire adapted for Colombia was applied by standardized interviewers. Confirmation of the diagnosis was made by a rheumatologist with access to all the information. Results Out of a total of 6693 patients that completed the questionnaire, 64% were women. Pain not associated with trauma was reported by 48% of the participants. The most frequent locations were: knees 35%, hands 26%, lumbar spine 20%, and shoulders 16%. Non-specific skeletal muscle discomfort, osteoarthritis, regional appendicular syndrome, and non-inflammatory low back pain, were the most prevalent diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis and chronic inflammatory low back pain were the most common inflammatory conditions. The prevalence of Chikungunya fever was estimated at 6.68%. Conclusion The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Colombia is higher than commonly reported, lower than for fibromyalgia and gout, and similar for osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and spondyloarthritis. In Colombia these diseases are a public health problem without awareness of their impact on the general population.

Pachymeningitis is an uncommon disease with multiple etiologies with fibrosis of leptomeninges. One type of this disease is related to immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4). The most frequent manifestations include chronic cephalgia and focal neurological deficits. The case of a 31-year-old man with chronic cephalgia localized to the left hemicranium and left dysmetria is presented. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging showed image hyperintensity and perilesional edema located at the infratentorial and left parietal occipital levels. The results of cerebral angiography and a cerebrospinal fluid examination were normal. A biopsy of the central nervous system (CNS) ruled out neoplastic lesions, granulomatous lesions, infection, and arteriovenous malformation and indicated thickened meningeal fragments. Elevated serum IgG4 levels were found. The antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs), anti-native DNA antibodies (anti-DNA), topoisomerase I antibodies (Scl-70), antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP), and rheumatoid factor (RF) were negative. After an initial diagnosis of idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis, the patient received treatment with high doses of glucocorticosteroids for two years, without response, and developed Cushing's syndrome, cataracts, and osteoporosis. During the follow-up, dactylitis, distal upper limb sclerosis, and Raynaud's phenomenon occurred. A capillaroscopy indicated capillaries with dilated loops, microhemorrhaging, disorganization of the capillary architecture, and megacapillaries, which led to a diagnosis of limited systemic scleroderma. Although an association between scleroderma and pachymeningitis was originally proposed, review of the literature suggests that these are two different entities. Treatment with methotrexate, 25 mg weekly, allowed the withdrawal of glucocorticoids and resolution of neurological symptoms.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las enfermedades reumáticas son causa frecuente de discapacidad, deterioran la calidad de vida y causan alto gasto en salud. El modelo COPCORD se ha implementado universalmente para estimar su prevalencia. El objetivo es estimar la prevalencia de las enfermedades reumáticas en la población colombiana mayor de 18 arios. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia utilizando un método probabilístico de muestreo aleatorio estratificado en 3 etapas: selección de los sectores cartográficos en cada ciudad, selección de los bloques de cada sector y del hogar de cada bloque. El cuestionario COPCORD, adaptado para Colombia, fue aplicado por entrevistadores estandarizados. La confirmación del diagnóstico fue hecha por un reumatólogo con acceso a toda la información. Resultados: De un total de 6.693 personas encuestadas el 64% fueron mujeres. El dolor no asociado con trauma fue reportado por el 48% de los participantes. Los sitios más frecuentes fueron rodillas (35%), manos (26%), columna lumbar (20%) y hombros (16%). El malestar musculoesquelético no específico, la osteoartritis, el síndrome de dolor regional apendicular y la lumbalgia no inflamatoria fueron las enfermedades más prevalentes. La artritis reumatoide y la lumbalgia crónica inflamatoria fueron las condiciones inflamatorias más comunes. La fiebre chikungunya afectó al 6,68% de la población. Conclusión: La prevalencia de la artritis reumatoide en Colombia es mayor a lo comúnmente reportado, menor para fibromialgia y gota, y similar para osteoartritis, lupus eritematoso sistémico y espondiloartritis. En Colombia, estas enfermedades representan un problema de salud pública sin que exista conciencia de su impacto en la población general. ABSTRACT Introduction: Rheumatic diseases are the leading cause of permanent disability. The COP-CORD model is an effective tool in the determination of the prevalence of diseases. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of rheumatic disease in a Colombian population over 18 years of age. Methods: A prevalence study was carried out using a probabilistic method of stratified random sampling in three stages: cartographic sectors in each city, selection of the blocks of each sector, and the households of each block. The COPCORD questionnaire adapted for Colombia was applied by standardised interviewers. Confirmation of the diagnosis was made by a rheumatologist with access to all the information. Results: Out of a total of 6,693 patients that completed the questionnaire, 64% were women. Pain not associated with trauma was reported by 48% of the participants. The most frequent locations were: knees 35%, hands 26%, lumbar spine 20%, and shoulders 16%. Nonspecific skeletal muscle discomfort, osteoarthritis, regional appendicular syndrome, and non-inflammatory low back pain, were the most prevalent diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis and chronic inflammatory low back pain were the most common inflammatory conditions. The prevalence of Chikungunya fever was estimated at 6.68%. Conclusion: The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Colombia is higher than commonly reported, lower than for fibromyalgia and gout, and similar for osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and spondylarthritis. In Colombia these diseases are a public health problem without awareness of their impact on the general population.