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1. Increasing involvement of CAPN1 variants in spastic ataxias and phenotype-genotype correlations

Author

Marie Coutelier, Kristina Lidström, Malin Kvarnung, Rayomand Press, Rita Rodrigues, Jean-Philippe Azulay, Meriem Tazir, Giovanni Vazza, Sara Morais, Guillaume Banneau, Elena Pegoraro, Mélanie Papin, Giovanni Stevanin, José Leal Loureiro, Giulia Coarelli, Eric Le Guern, Alexandra Durr, Isabel Alonso, Alexis Brice, Jean-Loup Méreaux, Per Svenningsson, Daniel Nilsson, Frederic Taithe, Vincent Huin, Cyril Goizet, Rémi Valter, Cristina Firanescu, Martin Paucar, Livia Parodi, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm]

Subjects
Male, Neurology, Dysarthria, CAPN1, 0302 clinical medicine, Spastic, Missense mutation, Age of Onset, Child, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, Sanger sequencing, 0303 health sciences, Calpain, 3. Good health, Pedigree, Phenotype, Muscle Spasticity, symbols, Cerebellar atrophy, Female, Original Article, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], medicine.symptom, Cerebellar ataxia, Neurodegeneration, Spastic ataxia, Spastic paraplegia, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Cerebellar Ataxia, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, symbols.namesake, Young Adult, Intellectual Disability, medicine, Humans, Spinocerebellar Ataxias, Spasticity, Genetic Association Studies, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary, nervous system diseases, Optic Atrophy, Mutation, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Spastic ataxias are rare neurogenetic disorders involving spinocerebellar and pyramidal tracts. Many genes are involved. Among them, CAPN1, when mutated, is responsible for a complex inherited form of spastic paraplegia (SPG76). We report the largest published series of 21 novel patients with nine new CAPN1 disease-causing variants and their clinical characteristics from two European university hospitals (Paris and Stockholm). After a formal clinical examination, causative variants were identified by next-generation sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. CAPN1 variants are a rare cause (~ 1.4%) of young-adult-onset spastic ataxia; however, together with all published cases, they allowed us to better describe the clinical and genetic spectra of this form. Truncating variants are the most frequent, and missense variants lead to earlier age at onset in favor of an additional deleterious effect. Cerebellar ataxia with cerebellar atrophy, dysarthria and lower limb weakness are often associated with spasticity. We also suggest that cognitive impairment and depression should be assessed specifically in the follow-up of SPG76 cases.

Published
2021

2. Implication of folate deficiency in CYP2U1 loss of function

Author

Livia Parodi, Khalid Hamid El Hachimi, Stéphane Zuily, Marine Legendre, Diana Rodriguez, Dario Saracino, Aleksandra Trifunovic, Silvina Perin, Nicolas Villain, Marijana Croon, Thierry Kuntzer, Mahmoud Y. Issa, Fanny Mochel, Filippo M. Santorelli, Foudil Lamari, Priscilla Thomas, Cyril Goizet, Chantal Tse, Claire Ewenczyk, Florence Fellmann, Maha S. Zaki, Arnaud Mourier, Patrick Giavalisco, Laurent Le Corre, Aurélien Trimouille, Emilie Blond, Milica Popovic, Frédéric Darios, Anastasia D. Gazi, Cyril Mignot, Isabelle Kemlin, Sophie M. Steculorum, Cécilia Marelli-Tosi, Joseph G. Gleeson, Mathilde Renaud, Claire Pujol, Jean-Luc Boucher, S. Mathieu, Shahira Elshafie, Anne Legrand, Serge Picaud, Alexandra Durr, Giulia Coarelli, Giovanni Stevanin, Manon Valet, Daniele Galatolo, Rana Alkouri, Alexandre Seyer, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie mitochondriale – Mitochondrial biology, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Universität zu Köln, Institut de la Vision, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Université (SU), Fayoum University, National Research Centre - NRC (EGYPT), Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aiguë et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (NGERE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Mécanismes moléculaires dans les démences neurodégénératives (MMDN), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Université de Bordeaux (UB), Service de Neuropédiatrie [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Sorbonne Université, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Service de Biochimie Métabolique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Profilomic [Boulogne-Billancourt], Max planck Institute for Biology of Ageing [Cologne], Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT - UMR 8601), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires (IBGC), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research [Cologne, Allemagne], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Service de Génétique Cytogénétique et Embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), The Core is supported by 'Investissements d’avenir' (ANR-10-IAIHU-06 and ANR-11-INBS-0011-NeurATRIS) and the 'Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale. This study was supported financially by the Association Strümpell-Lorrain–Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia patient association (to C. Pujol and G. Stevanin), the Tom Wahlig–Stiftung Foundation (to K.H. El Hachimi and G. Stevanin), the EMBO short-term fellowship (C. Pujol), French state funds through the Agence Nationale de la Recherche under the framework programme Investissements d’Avenir (ANR-10-INBS-07 PHENOMIN), and the European Union through an internal call under the Seventh Framework Programme (NEUROMICS, to G. Stevanin)., ANR-10-IAHU-0006,IHU-A-ICM,Institut de Neurosciences Translationnelles de Paris(2010), ANR-11-INBS-0011,NeurATRIS,Infrastructure de Recherche Translationnelle pour les Biothérapies en Neurosciences(2011), ANR-10-INBS-0007,PHENOMIN,INFRASTRUCTURE NATIONALE EN PHENOGENOMIQUE SOURIS(2010), European Project: 305121,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2012-INNOVATION-1,NEUROMICS(2012), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Trousseau [APHP], University of California (UC), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université de Paris (UP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Lemesle, Marie, Institut de Neurosciences Translationnelles de Paris - - IHU-A-ICM2010 - ANR-10-IAHU-0006 - IAHU - VALID, Infrastructures - Infrastructure de Recherche Translationnelle pour les Biothérapies en Neurosciences - - NeurATRIS2011 - ANR-11-INBS-0011 - INBS - VALID, Infrastructures - INFRASTRUCTURE NATIONALE EN PHENOGENOMIQUE SOURIS - - PHENOMIN2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0007 - INBS - VALID, Integrated European –omics research project for diagnosis and therapy in rare neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases - NEUROMICS - - EC:FP7:HEALTH2012-10-01 - 2017-09-30 - 305121 - VALID, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)

Subjects
Proteomics, Immunology, Mitochondrion, Biology, Folic Acid Deficiency, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Folic Acid, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Humans, Cytochrome P450 Family 2, Gene, Loss function, 030304 developmental biology, Mice, Knockout, 0303 health sciences, Neopterin, Brain, Phenotype, 3. Good health, Mitochondria, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, chemistry, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Coenzyme Q – cytochrome c reductase, Mutation, Cancer research, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, CYP2U1, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Function (biology), Biomarkers
Abstract

International audience; Hereditary spastic paraplegias are heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding of their pathogenicmechanisms remains sparse, and therapeutic options are lacking. We characterized a mouse model lacking the Cyp2u1 gene, lossof which is known to be involved in a complex form of these diseases in humans. We showed that this model partially recapitulated the clinical and biochemical phenotypes of patients. Using electron microscopy, lipidomic, and proteomicstudies, we identified vitamin B2 as a substrate of the CYP2U1 enzyme, as well as coenzyme Q, neopterin, and IFN-α levels asputative biomarkers in mice and fluids obtained from the largest series of CYP2U1-mutated patients reported so far. We alsoconfirmed brain calcifications as a potential biomarker in patients. Our results suggest that CYP2U1 deficiency disruptsmitochondrial function and impacts proper neurodevelopment, which could be prevented by folate supplementation in ourmouse model, followed by a neurodegenerative process altering multiple neuronal and extraneuronal tissues.

Published
2021

3. Clinical, neuropathological, and genetic characterization of STUB1 variants in cerebellar ataxias: a frequent cause of predominant cognitive impairment

Author

Thomas Roux, Mathieu Barbier, Mélanie Papin, Claire-Sophie Davoine, Sabrina Sayah, Giulia Coarelli, Perrine Charles, Cecilia Marelli, Livia Parodi, Christine Tranchant, Cyril Goizet, Stephan Klebe, Ebba Lohmann, Lionel Van Maldergem, Christine van Broeckhoven, Marie Coutelier, Christelle Tesson, Giovanni Stevanin, Charles Duyckaerts, Alexis Brice, Alexandra Durr, Frédéric Darios, Sylvie Forlani, Pitié-Salpêtrière Site, Guillaume Banneau, Cécile Cazeneuve, Bertrand Fontaine, Jean-Philippe Azulay, Odile Boesfplug-Tanguy, Didier Hannequin, Jamilé Hazan, Andrea Burgo, Christophe Verny, Michel Koenig, Pierre Labauge, Karine N’guyen, Diana Rodriguez, Soraya Belarbi, Abdelmadjid Hamri, Meriem Tazir, Sylvia Boesch, Massimo Pandolfo, Jardim Laura, Velina Guergueltcheva, Ivalo Tournev, Olga Lucia Pedraza Linarès, Jørgen E. Nielsen, Kirsten Svenstrup, Maha Zaki, Peter Bauer, Lüdger Schöls, Rebecca Schüle, Alexander Lossos, Maria-Teresa Bassi, Manuela Basso, Enrico Bertini, Alfredo Brusco, Carlo Casali, Giorgio Casari, Chiara Criscuolo, Alessandro Filla, Laura Orsi, Filippo M. Santorelli, Enza Maria Valente, Marinela Vavla, Giovanni Vazza, André Megarbane, Ali Benomar, Berry Kremer, Willeke Van Roon-Mom, Richard Roxburgh, Anne Kjersti Erichsen, Chantal Tallaksen, Isabel Alonso, Paula Coutinho, José Léal Loureiro, Jorge Sequeiros, Mustapha Salih, Vladimir S. Kostic, Idoia Rouco Axpe, Liena Elsayed, Martin Arce Paucar, Samir Roumani, Soong Bing-Wen, Evan Reid, Nethisinghe Suran, Thomas Warner, Nicholas Wood, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Service de Génétique Cytogénétique et Embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Département de neurologie [Montpellier], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier]-Université de Montpellier (UM), Mécanismes moléculaires dans les démences neurodégénératives (MMDN), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), CHU Strasbourg, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (Bordeaux) (U1211 INSERM/MRGM), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Universitätsklinikum Essen [Universität Duisburg-Essen] (Uniklinik Essen), University of Tübingen, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), University of Antwerp (UA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), SPATAX Network, Roux, T., Barbier, M., Papin, M., Davoine, C. -S., Sayah, S., Coarelli, G., Charles, P., Marelli, C., Parodi, L., Tranchant, C., Goizet, C., Klebe, S., Lohmann, E., Van Maldergen, L., van Broeckhoven, C., Coutelier, M., Tesson, C., Stevanin, G., Duyckaerts, C., Brice, A., Durr, A., Darios, F., Forlani, S., Site, P. -S., Banneau, G., Cazeneuve, C., Fontaine, B., Azulay, J. -P., Boesfplug-Tanguy, O., Hannequin, D., Hazan, J., Burgo, A., Verny, C., Koenig, M., Labauge, P., N'Guyen, K., Rodriguez, D., Belarbi, S., Hamri, A., Tazir, M., Boesch, S., Pandolfo, M., Laura, J., Guergueltcheva, V., Tournev, I., Pedraza Linares, O. L., Nielsen, J. E., Svenstrup, K., Zaki, M., Bauer, P., Schols, L., Schule, R., Lossos, A., Bassi, M. -T., Basso, M., Bertini, E., Brusco, A., Casali, C., Casari, G., Criscuolo, C., Filla, A., Orsi, L., Santorelli, F. M., Valente, E. M., Vavla, M., Vazza, G., Megarbane, A., Benomar, A., Kremer, B., Van Roon-Mom, W., Roxburgh, R., Erichsen, A. K., Tallaksen, C., Alonso, I., Coutinho, P., Loureiro, J. L., Sequeiros, J., Salih, M., Kostic, V. S., Rouco Axpe, I., Elsayed, L., Paucar, M. A., Roumani, S., Bing-Wen, S., Reid, E., Suran, N., Warner, T., and Wood, N.

Subjects
Male, Pathology, MESH: Ataxia, Purkinje cell, Medizin, MESH: Cognitive Dysfunction, 0302 clinical medicine, spinocerebellar ataxia, ATP-Dependent Proteases, SCA48, Medicine, Genetics (clinical), 0303 health sciences, Penetrance, 3. Good health, MESH: Cerebellar Ataxia, MESH: ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Female, medicine.symptom, Frontotemporal dementia, medicine.medical_specialty, Ataxia, Cerebellar Ataxia, MESH: Spinocerebellar Ataxias, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Neuropathology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: ATP-Dependent Proteases, Atrophy, Humans, Spinocerebellar Ataxias, Cognitive Dysfunction, 030304 developmental biology, cognitive impairment, SCAR16, STUB1, MESH: Humans, Cerebellar ataxia, business.industry, medicine.disease, MESH: Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, MESH: Male, ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Human medicine, business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Purpose: Pathogenic variants in STUB1 were initially described in autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 16 and dominant cerebellar ataxia with cerebellar cognitive dysfunction (SCA48).Methods: We analyzed a large series of 440 index cerebellar ataxia cases, mostly with dominant inheritance.Results: STUB1 variants were detected in 50 patients. Age at onset and severity were remarkably variable. Cognitive impairment, predominantly frontal syndrome, was observed in 54% of STUB1 variant carriers, including five families with Huntington or frontotemporal dementia disease-like phenotypes associated with ataxia, while no STUB1 variant was found in 115 patients with frontotemporal dementia. We report neuropathological findings of a STUB1 heterozygous patient, showing massive loss of Purkinje cells in the vermis and major loss in the cerebellar hemispheres without atrophy of the pons, hippocampus, or cerebral cortex. This screening of STUB1 variants revealed new features: (1) the majority of patients were women (70%) and (2) "second hits" in AFG3L2, PRKCG, and TBP were detected in three families suggesting synergic effects.Conclusion: Our results reveal an unexpectedly frequent (7%) implication of STUB1 among dominantly inherited cerebellar ataxias, and suggest that the penetrance of STUB1 variants could be modulated by other factors, including sex and variants in other ataxia-related genes.

Published
2020

4. Hereditary ataxias and paraparesias: clinical and genetic update

Author

Alexis Brice, Alexandra Durr, Giovanni Stevanin, Giulia Coarelli, and Livia Parodi

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Genetic Markers, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary, Computational biology, Biology, nervous system diseases, Spastic Paraplegias, 03 medical and health sciences, Hereditary Ataxias, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurology, Paraparesis, Humans, Neurology (clinical), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Spinocerebellar Degenerations
Abstract

This review aims at updating the clinical and genetic aspects of hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) and hereditary cerebellar ataxias (HCAs), focusing on the concept of spastic-ataxia phenotypic spectrum and on newly identified clinical overlaps with other neurological and nonneurological diseases.Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has allowed the discovery of new genes involved in HSPs and HCAs. They include new HCAs genes such as GRM1 (SCA44), FAT2 (SCA45), PLD3 (SCA46), SCYL1 (SCAR21), UBA5 (SCAR24) and XRCC1 (SCAR26) as well as CAPN1 (SPG76) and CPT1C (SPG73) in HSPs. Furthermore, NGS allowed enriching known genes phenotype, reinforcing the overlap between HSPs and HCAs defining the spastic ataxia spectrum. Clear examples are the expanded phenotypes associated with mutations in SPG7, PNPLA6, GBA2, KIF1C, CYP7B1, FA2H, ATP13A2 and many others. Moreover, other genes not previously linked to HCAs and HSPs have been implicated in spastic or ataxic phenotypes.The increase of HSPs and HCAs-related phenotypes and the continuous discovery of genes complicate clinical diagnostic in practice but, at the same time, it helps highlighting common pathological pathways, therefore opening new ways to the development of common therapeutic approaches.

Published
2018

5. Spastic paraplegia due to SPAST mutations is modified by the underlying mutation and sex

Author

Chantal M. E. Tallaksen, Alexandra Durr, Sophie Tezenas du Montcel, Silvia Fenu, Bertrand Sablonniere, Charles Duyckaerts, Christel Depienne, Alexis Brice, Justine Guegan, Giovanni Stevanin, Guillaume Banneau, Samia Ait Said, Mathieu Barbier, Marie-Lorraine Monin, Livia Parodi, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U1172 Inserm - U837 (JPArc), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U837 (JPArc), and École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Spastin, Genotype, Mutation, Missense, Pyramidal Tracts, Medizin, Physiology, Neuropathology, medicine.disease_cause, Severity of Illness Index, Frameshift mutation, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Missense mutation, Age of Onset, Mutation, Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary, business.industry, Middle Aged, Penetrance, 3. Good health, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, Spinocerebellar Tracts, Corticospinal tract, Disease Progression, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), Age of onset, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are rare neurological disorders caused by progressive distal degeneration of the corticospinal tracts. Among the 79 loci and 65 spastic paraplegia genes (SPGs) involved in HSPs, mutations in SPAST, which encodes spastin, responsible for SPG4, are the most frequent cause of both familial and sporadic HSP. SPG4 is characterized by a clinically pure phenotype associated with restricted involvement of the corticospinal tracts and posterior columns of the spinal cord. It is rarely associated with additional neurological signs. However, both age of onset and severity of the disorder are extremely variable. Such variability is both intra- and inter-familial and may suggest incomplete penetrance, with some patients carrying mutations remaining asymptomatic for their entire life. We analysed a cohort of 842 patients with SPG4-HSP to assess genotype-phenotype correlations. Most patients were French (89%) and had a family history of SPG4-HSP (75%). Age at onset was characterized by a bimodal distribution, with high inter-familial and intra-familial variability, especially concerning first-degree relatives. Penetrance of the disorder was 0.9, complete after 70 years of age. Penetrance was lower in females (0.88 versus 0.94 in males, P = 0.01), despite a more diffuse phenotype with more frequent upper limb involvement. Seventy-seven per cent of pathogenic mutations (missense, frameshift, splice site, nonsense, and deletions) were located in the AAA cassette of spastin, impairing its microtubule-severing activity. A comparison of the missense and truncating mutations revealed a significantly lower age at onset for patients carrying missense mutations than those carrying truncating mutations, explaining the bimodal distribution of the age at onset. The age at onset for patients carrying missense mutations was often before 10 years, sometimes associated with intellectual deficiency. Neuropathological examination of a single case showed degeneration of the spinocerebellar and spinocortical tracts, as well as the posterior columns. However, there were numerous small-diameter processes among unusually large myelinated fibres in the corticospinal tract, suggesting marked regeneration. In conclusion, this large cohort of 842 individuals allowed us to identify a significantly younger age at onset in missense mutation carriers and lower penetrance in females, despite a more severe disorder. Neuropathology in one case showed numerous small fibres suggesting regeneration.

Published
2018

6. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: More than an upper motor neuron disease

Author

S Fenu, Alexandra Durr, Livia Parodi, and Giovanni Stevanin

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Hereditary spastic paraplegia, Lower motor neuron, Fasciculation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Spastic, Humans, Spasticity, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Motor Neuron Disease, Heat-Shock Proteins, business.industry, Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Motor neuron, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Upper motor neuron syndrome, Neurology, Mutation, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of rare inherited neurological diseases characterized by extreme heterogeneity in both their clinical manifestations and genetic backgrounds. Based on symptoms, HSPs can be divided into pure forms, presenting with pyramidal signs leading to lower-limb spasticity, and complex forms, when additional neurological or extraneurological symptoms are detected. The clinical diversity of HSPs partially reflects their underlying genetic backgrounds. To date, 76 loci and 58 corresponding genes [spastic paraplegia genes (SPGs)] have been linked to HSPs. The genetic diagnosis is further complicated by the fact that causative mutations of HSP can be inherited through all possible modes of transmission (autosomal-dominant and -recessive, X-linked, maternal), with some genes showing multiple inheritance patterns. The pathogenic mutations of SPGs primarily lead to progressive degeneration of the upper motor neurons (UMNs) comprising corticospinal tracts. However, it is possible to observe lower-limb muscle atrophy and fasciculations on clinical examination that are clear signs of lower motor neuron (LMN) involvement. The purpose of this review is to classify HSPs based on their degree of motor neuron involvement, distinguishing forms in which only UMNs are affected from those involving both UMN and LMN degeneration, and to describe their differential diagnosis from diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Published
2017

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