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1. First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in France: surveillance, investigations and control measures, January 2020

Author

Daniel Lévy-Bruhl, Sylvie Behillil, Clément Bassi, Alexandra Mailles, Anne Simondon, Yassoungo Silue, P. Rolland, François Xavier Lescure, Matthieu Mechain, Morgane Stempfelet, Anouk Tabaï, Clément Lazarus, Bruno Coignard, C Campese, Investigation team, Sophie Ismael, Sibylle Bernard Stoecklin, Denis Malvy, Vincent Enouf, Mathieu Nguyen, Laure Meurice, Estelle Yamani, Duc Minh Nguyen, Scarlett Georges, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency, Agence Régionale de Santé Ile-de-France [Paris] (ARS IDF), Agence Régionale de la Santé (ARS), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) [Paris] (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Bordeaux GeoSentinel Site [Bordeaux], Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie Appliquée (LBMA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Direction Générale de la Santé [Paris] (DGS), Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], Santé publique France [Saint-Maurice, France] (French National Public Health Agency), parent-French National Public Health Agency, Investigation Team: Laurent Filleul, Stéphanie Vandentorren, Guillaume Spaccaferri, Hélène Prouvost, Mélanie Albert, Marion Barbet, Angela Brisebarre, Flora Donati, Sylvie van der Werf, Alexis Ardoin, Marion Dreyer, Karim Tararbit, Matthieu Amodeo, Elodie Couaillier, Pascal Fabre, Daniel Habold, Didier Che, Gisèle Bendjelloul, Marine Billaudelle Lallemant, Valentine Charachon, Laurène Deconinck, Diane Descamps, Sandrine Gérard, Nadirha Houhou, Quentin Le Hingrat, Isabelle Lolom, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Annabelle Pourbaix, Simon Valayer, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Alexandre Boyer, Benjamin Clouzeau, Xavier Combes, Arnaud Desclaux, Jean-Michel Dindart, Alexandre Duvignaud, Isabelle Garrigue, Didier Gruson, Marie-Edith Lafon, Pauline Perreau, Thierry Pistone, Maxime Poteau, Eric Tentillier, Pauline Mathieu., Direction des maladies infectieuses - Infectious Diseases Division [Saint-Maurice], Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Direction des régions [Saint-Maurice], Cellule Régionale Ile-de-France [Paris], Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France]-Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Agence Régionale de Santé Nouvelle-Aquitaine [Bordeaux] (ARS NA), Cellule Régionale Nouvelle-Aquitaine [Bordeaux], Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Centre opérationnel de réception et de régulation des urgences sanitaires et sociales [Paris], Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France]-Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], Direction alerte et crise [Saint-Maurice], Investigation Team : Laurent Filleul, Stéphanie Vandentorren, Guillaume Spaccaferri, Hélène Prouvost, Mélanie Albert, Marion Barbet, Angela Brisebarre, Flora Donati, Sylvie van der Werf, Alexis Ardoin, Marion Dreyer, Karim Tararbit, Matthieu Amodeo, Elodie Couaillier, Pascal Fabre, Daniel Habold, Didier Che, Gisèle Bendjelloul, Marine Billaudelle Lallemant, Valentine Charachon, Laurène Deconinck, Diane Descamps, Sandrine Gérard, Nadirha Houhou, Quentin Le Hingrat, Isabelle Lolom, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Annabelle Pourbaix, Simon Valayer, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Alexandre Boyer, Benjamin Clouzeau, Xavier Combes, Arnaud Desclaux, Jean-Michel Dindart, Alexandre Duvignaud, Isabelle Garrigue, Didier Gruson, Marie-Edith Lafon, Pauline Perreau, Thierry Pistone, Maxime Poteau, Eric Tentillier, Pauline Mathieu, Bodescot, Myriam, and Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Epidemiology, MESH: Coronavirus Infections, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], coronavirus, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Risk Assessment, contact tracing, containment, MESH: Infection Control, 0302 clinical medicine, COVID-19, France, 2019-nCov, Surveillance, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Infection control, MESH: COVID-19, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Travel, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Travel, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Transmission (medicine), Middle Aged, MESH: China, 3. Good health, Population Surveillance, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Betacoronavirus, Risk assessment, Coronavirus Infections, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, China, Pneumonia, Viral, Disease cluster, Risk Assessment, MESH: Population Surveillance, MESH: Contact Tracing, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, Virology, medicine, Humans, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, Infection Control, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Pneumonia, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: Pneumonia, Viral, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Emergency medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Contact tracing
Abstract

Investigation Team : Santé publique France, Direction des régions, Cellule Régionale Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France: Laurent Filleul, Stéphanie Vandentorren.Santé publique France, Direction des régions, Cellule Régionale Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Lyon, France: Guillaume Spaccaferri.Santé publique France, Direction des régions, Cellule Régionale Hauts-de-France, Lille, France: Hélène Prouvost.Centre national de référence Virus des infections respiratoires, dont la grippe, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France: Mélanie Albert, Marion Barbet, Angela Brisebarre, Flora Donati, Sylvie van der Werf.Agence Régionale de Santé Ile-de-France, Paris, France: Alexis Ardoin, Marion Dreyer, Karim Tararbit.Agence Régionale de Santé Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France: Matthieu Amodeo, Elodie Couaillier, Pascal Fabre, Daniel Habold.Santé publique France, Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France: Didier Che.AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France: Gisèle Bendjelloul, Marine Billaudelle Lallemant, Valentine Charachon, Laurène Deconinck, Diane Descamps, Sandrine Gérard, Nadirha Houhou, Quentin Le Hingrat, Isabelle Lolom, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Annabelle Pourbaix, Simon Valayer, Yazdan Yazdanpanah.Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux GeoSentinel Site, Bordeaux, France: Alexandre Boyer, Benjamin Clouzeau, Xavier Combes, Arnaud Desclaux, Jean-Michel Dindart, Alexandre Duvignaud, Isabelle Garrigue, Didier Gruson, Marie-Edith Lafon, Pauline Perreau, Thierry Pistone, Maxime Poteau, Eric Tentillier.Direction Générale de la Santé, Ministère des solidarités et de la santé, Centre opérationnel de réception et de régulation des urgences sanitaires et sociales, Paris, France: Pauline Mathieu; International audience; A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) causing a cluster of respiratory infections (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, was identified on 7 January 2020. The epidemic quickly disseminated from Wuhan and as at 12 February 2020, 45,179 cases have been confirmed in 25 countries, including 1,116 deaths. Strengthened surveillance was implemented in France on 10 January 2020 in order to identify imported cases early and prevent secondary transmission. Three categories of risk exposure and follow-up procedure were defined for contacts. Three cases of COVID-19 were confirmed on 24 January, the first cases in Europe. Contact tracing was immediately initiated. Five contacts were evaluated as at low risk of exposure and 18 at moderate/high risk. As at 12 February 2020, two cases have been discharged and the third one remains symptomatic with a persistent cough, and no secondary transmission has been identified. Effective collaboration between all parties involved in the surveillance and response to emerging threats is required to detect imported cases early and to implement adequate control measures.

Published
2020
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2. Prevalence of psychosocial risks among immigrants in France and associations with mental health: findings from the national French Working Conditions Survey

Author

Sarah Memmi, François-Xavier Devetter, Inès Malroux, Maria Melchior, Julie Pannetier, Diane Desprat, Emmanuel Valat, Anne Gosselin, Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), Institut Convergences Migrations [Aubervilliers] (IC Migrations), Direction de la recherche, des études, de l’évaluation et des statistiques [Paris] (DREES), Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 (CLERSÉ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction de l'animation de la recherche, des études et des statistiques (DARES), Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé, Equipe de Recherche sur l’Utilisation des Données Individuelles en lien avec la Théorie Economique (ERUDITE), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, and ANR-17-CONV-0001,MIGRATIONS,MIGRATIONS(2017)

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, media_common.quotation_subject, Immigration, Population, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Anxiety, Occupational safety and health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Job strain, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, media_common, education.field_of_study, Occupational health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Immigrant’s health, 030210 environmental & occupational health, Mental health, 3. Good health, 8. Economic growth, France, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Psychosocial, Demography
Abstract

International audience; PurposeFew studies examined psychosocial risks among immigrants and explored their association with mental health. Our study aims to 1) describe the prevalence of job strain and iso-strain according to migratory status and model the probability of exposure, 2) verify whether the association between job strain, iso strain and anxiety holds for all immigrant groups.MethodsWe used the nationally-representative cross-sectional French Working Conditions Survey (N = 24 640). Anxiety was measured with the GAD-Mini. We described the prevalence of job strain and iso-strain according to migratory status and sex. We used multivariate Poisson regressions to model the probability to be exposed to job strain and iso-strain. We described the prevalence of anxiety according to migratory status and sex. In each immigrant group, we modelled the probability of anxiety according to sociodemographic characteristics, lifetime suicidal attempt and job strain/iso-train.ResultsOverall, there were important variations in psychosocial risks prevalence, with immigrants groups more exposed than majority population. After adjustment, being first-generation immigrant from Africa remained associated with job strain (aIRR = 1.21 [0.99; 1.47]), and being second-generation immigrant from Africa with iso-strain (aIRR = 1.33 [1.05; 1.69]). The prevalence of anxiety was the highest in second-generation immigrants from Africa (12%). In this population, job strain and iso-strain were associated with anxiety (aIRR job strain = 2.70[1.22;6.01]; aIRR iso-strain 4.26 [2.29;7.92]).ConclusionOur study provides first estimates of psychosocial risks among first and second-generation immigrants in France and shows that immigrants are particularly exposed to job strain and iso-strain, which could contribute significantly to their mental health.

Published
2021
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3. Education and mental health: good reasons to vaccinate children

Author

Arnaud Fontanet, Simon Cauchemez, Violette Mouro, Cécile Tran Kiem, Angèle Consoli, Paolo Bosetti, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université (SU), Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Abord dimensionnel des épisodes psychotiques de l’enfant et de l’adolescent: implications génétiques, métaboliques et auto-immunes, Groupe de recherche clinique Troubles psychiatriques et développement (GRC 15 - PSYDEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), We declare funding from Investissement d'Avenir programme, the Laboratoire d'Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases programme, and the EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège doctoral [Sorbonne universités], Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (SPEA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Abord dimensionnel des épisodes phychotiques de l'enfant et de l'adolescent : implications génétiques, métaboliques et auto-immunes (PSYDEV), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, medicine.medical_specialty, COVID-19 Vaccines, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MEDLINE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], MESH: Child, Correspondence, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Mental Health, Vaccination, MESH: Education, MESH: Patient Acceptance of Health Care, General Medicine, MESH: Vaccination, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Mental health, Mental Health, MESH: COVID-19 Vaccines, Family medicine, business
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
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4. COVID-19 Job Exposure Matrix: From the Mat-O-Covid Design to Its Execution

Author

Alexis Descatha, Marc Fadel, Jérôme Salomon, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Epidémiologie et modélisation de la résistance aux antimicrobiens - Epidemiology and modelling of bacterial escape to antimicrobials (EMAE), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Chard-Hutchinson, Xavier, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Job-exposure matrix, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030210 environmental & occupational health, Virology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prevention control, Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
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5. Attitudes of healthcare workers towards COVID-19 vaccination: a survey in France and French-speaking parts of Belgium and Canada, 2020

Author

Nicolas Dauby, Pierre Verger, Arnaud Gagneur, Eve Dubé, Cathy Gobert, Dimitri Scronias, Kodzo Awoenam Adedzi, Maxime Bergeat, Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [Marseille] (ORS PACA), CIC Cochin Pasteur (CIC 1417), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu-Groupe hospitalier Broca-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Direction de la recherche, des études, de l’évaluation et des statistiques [Paris] (DREES), Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CR CHUS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), ANR-20-COVI-0035,COCONEL,COronavirus et CONfinement : Enquête Longitudinale(2020), and COMBE, Isabelle

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Vaccine safety, Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Epidemiology, 0302 clinical medicine, Belgium, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health care, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Vaccination, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, Middle Aged, vaccination campaigns, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, France, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Rapid Communication, Adult, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Canada, COVID-19 Vaccines, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Adolescent, Attitude of Health Personnel, Health Personnel, Population, vaccine acceptance, vaccine safety and efficacy, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Virology, Environmental health, Belgica, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, education, Aged, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, healthcare workers, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 030104 developmental biology, Vaccination Campaigns, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, business
Abstract

In October and November 2020, we conducted a survey of 2,678 healthcare workers (HCWs) involved in general population immunisation in France, French-speaking Belgium and Quebec, Canada to assess acceptance of future COVID-19 vaccines (i.e. willingness to receive or recommend these) and its determinants. Of the HCWs, 48.6% (n = 1,302) showed high acceptance, 23.0% (n = 616) moderate acceptance and 28.4% (n = 760) hesitancy/reluctance. Hesitancy was mostly driven by vaccine safety concerns. These must be addressed before/during upcoming vaccination campaigns., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2021
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6. Lockdown impact on age-specific contact patterns and behaviours, France, April 2020

Author

Mathieu Moslonka-Lefebvre, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Henrik Salje, Noémie Courtejoie, Bich-Tram Huynh, Paolo Bosetti, Marie Sanchez, Didier Guillemot, Jérôme Accardo, Catherine Eisenhauer, Armiya Youssouf Abdou, Lulla Opatowski, Guillaume Béraud, Simon Cauchemez, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Epidémiologie et modélisation de la résistance aux antimicrobiens - Epidemiology and modelling of bacterial escape to antimicrobials (EMAE), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Data Management (Plate-forme) - Data Management Core Facility (Platform), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Direction de la recherche, des études, de l’évaluation et des statistiques [Paris] (DREES), Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), DataCovid, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), We thank Frederic Gouin, the data protection officer, Nathalie Joly, clinical core at the Institut Pasteur for their advice and all study participants., Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Paris (UP), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Bich-Tram, Huynh

Subjects
Hand washing, medicine.medical_specialty, Younger age, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, modelling, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, Health care, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, 030304 developmental biology, public health policy, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Research, Critical factors, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Age Factors, COVID-19, Age specific, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Risk perception, Europe, Communicable Disease Control, RNA, Viral, epidemiology, France, business, Demography
Abstract

Background Many countries implemented national lockdowns to contain the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 and avoid overburdening healthcare capacity. Aim We aimed to quantify how the French lockdown impacted population mixing, contact patterns and behaviours. Methods We conducted an online survey using convenience sampling and collected information from participants aged 18 years and older between 10 April and 28 April 2020. Result Among the 42,036 survey participants, 72% normally worked outside their home, and of these, 68% changed to telework during lockdown and 17% reported being unemployed during lockdown. A decrease in public transport use was reported from 37% to 2%. Participants reported increased frequency of hand washing and changes in greeting behaviour. Wearing masks in public was generally limited. A total of 138,934 contacts were reported, with an average of 3.3 contacts per individual per day; 1.7 in the participants aged 65 years and older compared with 3.6 for younger age groups. This represented a 70% reduction compared with previous surveys, consistent with SARS-CoV2 transmission reduction measured during the lockdown. For those who maintained a professional activity outside home, the frequency of contacts at work dropped by 79%. Conclusion The lockdown affected the population's behaviour, work, risk perception and contact patterns. The frequency and heterogeneity of contacts, both of which are critical factors in determining how viruses spread, were affected. Such surveys are essential to evaluate the impact of lockdowns more accurately and anticipate epidemic dynamics in these conditions.

Published
2021
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7. Coronavirus outbreak: the role of companies in preparedness and responses

Author

Alexis Descatha, Jérôme Salomon, Marc Fadel, Fouquet, Natacha, Épidémiologie en Santé au Travail et Ergonomie (IRSET-ESTER), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Pharmacoépidémiologie et maladies infectieuses (PhEMI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pneumonia, Viral, MEDLINE, medicine.disease_cause, Global Health, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Professional Role, medicine, Global health, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pandemics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Coronavirus, Viral Epidemiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Commerce, Outbreak, COVID-19, medicine.disease, 030210 environmental & occupational health, Pneumonia, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Preparedness, Emergency medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Business, Coronavirus Infections
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020
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8. How the new European data protection regulation affects clinical research and recommendations?

Author

Sophie Sénéchal-Cohen, Aurélie Guérin, Pierre-Henri Bertoye, Ariane Galaup, Valérie Plattner, Fabrice Ruiz, Michel Rubio, Jacques Demotes-Mainard, Dominique Deplanque, Claude Dubray, Frédérique Lesaulnier, Catherine Cornu, Mireille Violleau, Luc Duchossoy, Anne Vidal, Mihaela Matei, Jean-Marie Chrétien, Cécile Fouret, Valérie Edel, Tabassome Simon, Serge Bureau, Florian Naudet, Anne Viola, Romain Boidin, Cécile Delval, European Clinical Research Infrastructures Network [Paris] (ECRIN), Ecrin, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Bron] (CIC1407), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Groupement Hospitalier Est [Bron], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pfizer, participants of Giens XXXIV Round Table 'Clinical research': Pierre-Henri Bertoye 4 , Romain Boidin 5 , Serge Bureau 6 , Jean-Marie Chrétien 7 , Cécile Delval 8 , Dominique Deplanque 9 , Claude Dubray 10 , Luc Duchossoy 11 , Valérie Edel 12 , Cécile Fouret 13 , Ariane Galaup 14 , Frédérique Lesaulnier 15 , Mihaela Matei 1 , Florian Naudet 16 , Valérie Plattner 17 , Michel Rubio 18 , Fabrice Ruiz 19 , Sophie Sénéchal-Cohen 20 , Tabassome Simon 21 , Anne Vidal 22 , Anne Viola 23 , Mireille Violleau 24, European Clinical Research Infrastructures Network [Dusseldorf] (ECRIN), Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], UNICANCER, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Innovation Technologique de Lille - CIC 1403 - CIC 9301 (CIC Lille), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Sanofi Aventis R&D [Chilly-Mazarin], Medtronic SNT, Medtronic, Les entreprises du Médicament (LEEM), Comité d'éthique de l'Inserm = The Inserm Ethics Committee (CEI - IEC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), ClinSearch [Malakoff, France], AstraZeneca, CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Commission nationale de l'informatique des libertés (Cnil), CNIL, Laboratoire Roche [Boulogne-Billancourt], The Inserm Ethics Committee (IEC), and CCSD, Accord Elsevier

Subjects
Biomedical Research, Databases, Factual, International Cooperation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Big data, Harmonization, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, Public interest, Clinical research, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Regulatory texts, Data Protection Act 1998, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Computer Security, Data protection, business.industry, Information Dissemination, Public relations, Transparency (behavior), 3. Good health, Data sharing, Europe, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Data access, General Data Protection Regulation, France, business, French data protection authority
Abstract

International audience; Clinical research on human subjects or their data is confronted with conflicting requirements with, on one hand, the principle of open science (transparency and data sharing), the possibilities offered by big data and the reuse of healthcare or research data, and on the other, changes to the regulatory and legislative framework, including the general data protection regulation (GDPR). A roundtable was organized in Giens, France in October 2018 to identify problem areas, the need for clarification and streamlining, and to make recommendations to promote clinical research while ensuring a high level of patient protection. After details were given about these developments, the roundtable participants were able to propose recommendations, primarily (1) to clarify: what is considered anonymized data, and what is "public interest" within the meaning of the GDPR; (2) for the French data protection authority (CNIL) to continue preparing reference methodologies to simplify the approval system; (3) to promote the secondary use of data by making it easier to inform patients and obtain broad patient consent, by specifying the circumstances under which their withdrawal and opposition rights apply, so as to limit the risk of bias; (4) to facilitate access to data warehouses by providing technological and methodological aids. The roundtable also recommends increasing discussions between authorities in Europe on research topics, encouraging French authorities to contribute to the preparation of codes of conduct and setting up a voluntary harmonization procedure to coordinate the opinions of data protection authorities, while ensuring that key documents are available in English.

Published
2019
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9. Impact of Question Wording on the Measurement of Activity Limitation: Evidence From a Randomized Test in France

Author

Jean-Marie Robine, Emmanuelle Cambois, Sébastien Grobon, Herman Van Oyen, Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), CERMES3 - Centre de recherche Médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société (CERMES3 - UMR 8211 / U988 / UM 7), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction de la recherche, des études, de l’évaluation et des statistiques [Paris] (DREES), Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], Institut Scientifique de Santé Publique [Belgique] - Scientific Institute of Public Health [Belgium] (WIV-ISP), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Sohler, Karin

Subjects
Validation Studies as Topic, Logistic regression, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Interviews as Topic, 03 medical and health sciences, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, Disability Evaluation, 0302 clinical medicine, Opinion survey, GALI, question wording, Activity limitation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Statistics, Activities of Daily Living, Prevalence, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Disabled Persons, 030212 general & internal medicine, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Community and Home Care, 030503 health policy & services, Reproducibility of Results, Health Surveys, indicators, Test (assessment), Europe, Split sample, disability, Quality of Life, Multinomial distribution, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, France, Geriatrics and Gerontology, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, Construct (philosophy), Gerontology
Abstract

International audience; Objective: The Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI), a single question measuring disability, had been introduced in various European surveys since 2004. The complexity of its wording has been questioned. Our study compares alternative variants aiming to simplify the wording. Method: We used the Health-Related Opinion Survey run in 2014 in France (N = 3,009). Its split sample design allows testing four variants of the questions. We analyzed the prevalence of activity limitation (AL) resulting from the four different constructs of the GALI using multinomial logistic regressions, adjusted for background variables and functional limitations (FLs). Results: The alternative GALI variants result in significantly different prevalences compared with the original question, in particular for people with FL. The current variant is more inclusive than the routed variants. Discussion: Our study suggests limited benefits of changing the GALI construct which do not outweigh the costs of breaking the established chronological series of the current variant.

Published
2016
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10. Evolution of outcomes for patients hospitalised during the first 9 months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in France: A retrospective national surveillance data analysis

Author

Henrik Salje, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Juliette Paireau, Fanny Chereau, Noémie Lefrancq, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Nathanaël Hozé, Lila Bouadma, Simon Cauchemez, Noémie Courtejoie, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Direction de la recherche, des études, de l’évaluation et des statistiques [Paris] (DREES), Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), We acknowledge financial support from the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005), the Investissement d'Avenir program, the Laboratoire d'Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases program (grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), Santé Publique France, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grants 101003589 (RECOVER), AXA and Groupama. H.S. and N.L. acknowledge support from the European Research Council (grant 804744) and the EPSRC Impact Acceleration Grant (RG90413)., ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), HAL-SU, Gestionnaire, Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs - - INCEPTION2016 - ANR-16-CONV-0005 - CONV - VALID, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Lefrancq, Noemie [0000-0001-5991-6169], Salje, Henrik [0000-0003-3626-4254], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Surveillance data, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), MEDLINE, Age and sex, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Health care, Pandemic, Internal Medicine, Medicine, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Probabilistic framework, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, business.industry, Health Policy, Prevention, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, 3 Good Health and Well Being, lcsh:RA1-1270, 3. Good health, Oncology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Patient Safety, business, Demography, Research Paper
Abstract

Background As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread, a thorough characterisation of healthcare needs and patient outcomes, and how they have changed over time, is essential to inform planning. Methods We developed a probabilistic framework to analyse detailed patient trajectories from 198,846 hospitalisations in France during the first nine months of the pandemic. Our model accounts for the varying age- and sex- distribution of patients, and explore changes in outcome probabilities as well as length of stay. Findings We found that there were marked changes in the age and sex of hospitalisations over the study period. In particular, the proportion of hospitalised individuals that were >80y varied between 27% and 48% over the course of the epidemic, and was lowest during the inter-peak period. The probability of hospitalised patients entering ICU dropped from 0·25 (0·24–0·26) to 0·13 (0·12–0·14) over the four first months as case numbers fell, before rising to 0·19 (0·19–0·20) during the second wave. The probability of death followed a similar trajectory, falling from 0·25 (0·24–0·26) to 0·10 (0·09–0·11) after the first wave before increasing again during the second wave to 0·19 (0·18–0·19). Overall, we find both the probability of death and the probability of entering ICU were significantly correlated with COVID-19 ICU occupancy. Interpretation There are large scale trends in patients outcomes by age, sex and over time. These need to be considered in ongoing healthcare planning efforts. Funding INCEPTION.

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