Author: "Swathikan, Chidambaram" / Topic: 0302 clinical medicine - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

26 results on '"Swathikan, Chidambaram"'

1. Electrocautery, Diathermy, and Surgical Energy Devices

Author: Michael Kynoch, Simon Erridge, Swathikan Chidambaram, Sanjay Purkayastha, Kimberley Zakka, Jasmine Winter Beatty, James Kinross, and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding
Subjects: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Energy (esotericism), PanSurg collaborative group, Diathermy, medicine.disease, Energy device, Surgical smoke, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Pandemic, Health care, medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Medical emergency, business, Personal protective equipment, 11 Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to provide a rapid synthesis of available data to identify the risk posed by utilizing surgical energy devices intraoperatively due to the generation of surgical smoke, an aerosol. Secondarily it aims to summarize methods to minimize potential risk to operating room staff. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Continuing operative practice during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic places the health of operating theatre staff at potential risk. SARS-CoV2 is transmitted through inhaled droplets and aerosol particles, thus posing an inhalation threat even at considerable distance. Surgical energy devices generate an aerosol of biological particular matter during use. The risk to healthcare staff through use of surgical energy devices is unknown. METHODS: This review was conducted utilizing a rapid review methodology to enable efficient generation and dissemination of information useful for concurrent clinical practice. RESULTS: There are conflicting stances on the use of energy devices and laparoscopy by different surgical governing bodies and societies. There is no definitive evidence that aerosol generated by energy devices may carry active SARS-CoV2 virus. However, investigations of other viruses have demonstrated aerosolization through energy devise use. Measures to reduce potential transmission include appropriate personal protective equipment, evacuation and filtration of surgical plume, limiting energy device use if appropriate, and adjusting endoscopic and laparoscopic practice (low CO2 pressures, evacuation through ultrafiltration systems). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of transmission of SARS-CoV2 through aerosolized surgical smoke associated with energy device use is not fully understood, however transmission is biologically plausible. Caution and appropriate measures to reduce risk to healthcare staff should be implemented when considering intraoperative use of energy devices.
Published: 2020

2. Clinical utility and applicability of circulating tumor DNA testing in esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Sheraz R. Markar and Swathikan Chidambaram
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Esophageal Neoplasms, MEDLINE, Multimodality Therapy, Malignancy, Sensitivity and Specificity, Circulating Tumor DNA, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical pathway, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Cancer, General Medicine, Esophageal cancer, Prognosis, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Circulating tumor DNA, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Meta-analysis, business
Abstract: SummaryEsophageal cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a relatively poor prognosis even after multimodality therapy. Currently, patients undergo a series of investigations that can be invasive and costly or pose secondary risks to their health. In other malignancies, liquid biopsies of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are used in clinical practice for diagnostic and surveillance purposes. This systematic review summarizes the latest evidence for the clinical applicability of ctDNA technology in esophageal cancer. A systematic review of the literature was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Review and Scopus databases. Articles were evaluated for the use of ctDNA for diagnosis and monitoring of patients with esophageal cancer. Quality assessment of studies was performed using the QUADAS-2 tool. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of sequencing methodologies. We included 15 studies that described the use of ctDNA technology in the qualitative synthesis and eight studies involving 414 patients in the quantitative analysis. Of these, four studies assessed its utility in cancer diagnosis, while four studies evaluated its use for prognosis and monitoring. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for diagnostic studies were 71.0% (55.7–82.6%) and 98.6% (33.9–99.9%), while the pooled sensitivity and specificity for surveillance purposes were 48.9% (29.4–68.8%) and 95.5% (90.6–97.9%). ctDNA technology is an acceptable method for diagnosis and monitoring with a moderate sensitivity and high specificity that is enhanced in combination with current imaging methods. Further work should demonstrate the practical integration of ctDNA in the diagnostic and surveillance clinical pathway.
Published: 2021

3. Outcomes of bariatric surgery in extreme obesity: results from the United Kingdom National Bariatric Surgery Registry for patients with a body mass index >70 kg/m2

Author: Anna Kamocka, Chetan Parmar, Krzysztof Kurzatkowski, Swathikan Chidambaram, En Lin Goh, Simon Erridge, Peter Small, Sanjay Purkayastha, Emma Rose McGlone, Omar Khan, Rachel Batterham, James Hopkins, Kamal Mahawar, Christopher Pring, Bruno Sgromo, Alan Askari, Paul Chesworth, and Richard Welbourn
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Sleeve gastrectomy, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Incidence (epidemiology), nutritional and metabolic diseases, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, Obesity, Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Weight loss, medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Adjustable gastric band, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index, Cohort study
Abstract: Background Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) is an established safe, effective, and durable treatment for obesity and its complications. However, there is still a paucity of evidence on surgery outcomes in patients suffering from extreme obesity. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate outcomes of BMS in weight loss and the resolution of co-morbidities in patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥70kg/m2. Setting National Health Service and private hospitals in the United Kingdom. Methods This cohort study analyzed prospectively collected records from the UK National Bariatric Surgery Registry of patients with a BMI ≥70 kg/m2 undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), or adjustable gastric band (AGB) between January 2009 and June 2014. Results There were 230 patients (64% female) eligible for inclusion in the study: 22 underwent AGB; 102 underwent SG, and 106 underwent RYGB. Preoperative weight and BMI values were comparable (76 ± 7 kg/m2 for AGB; 75 ± 5 kg/m2 for SG; 74 ± 5 kg/m2 for RYGB). The median postoperative follow-up was 13 months for AGB (10–22 mo), 18 for SG (6–28 mo), and 15 for RYGB (6–24 mo). Patients undergoing RYGB and SG exhibited the greatest postoperative total body weight loss (35 ± 13% and 31 ± 15%, respectively; P = .14), which led to postoperative BMIs of 48 ± 10 kg/m2 and 51 ± 11 kg/m2, respectively (P = .14). All procedures conferred a reduction in the incidence of co-morbidities, including type 2 diabetes, and led to improved functional statuses. The overall complication rate was 7%, with 3 deaths (1%) within 30 days of surgery. Conclusion This study found that primary BMS in patients with a BMI >70kg/m2 has an acceptable safety profile and is associated with good medium-term clinical outcomes. RYGB and SG are associated with better weight loss and great improvements in co-morbidities than AGB. Given the noninferiority of SG outcomes and SG’s potential for further conversion to other BMS procedures if required, SG may be the best choice for primary BMS in patients with extreme obesity.
Published: 2021

4. Vasopressin vs noradrenaline: Have we found the perfect recipe to improve outcome in septic shock?

Author: En Lin Goh, Swathikan Chidambaram, Mansoor Khan, and Vanessa Garnelo Rey
Subjects: Vasopressin, Vasopressins, business.industry, Septic shock, Mortality rate, MEDLINE, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Subgroup analysis, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, Shock, Septic, Norepinephrine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Anesthesia, Shock (circulatory), Humans, Vasoconstrictor Agents, Medicine, In patient, Sympathomimetics, medicine.symptom, Adverse effect, business
Abstract: Purpose The metabolic and circulatory disturbances in patients with septic shock results in a high mortality rate. There is a lack of high-level evidence on the optimal approach. We present a meta-analysis elucidating the outcomes of regimes with only noradrenaline versus a combination of noradrenaline and vasopressin in managing septic shock. Methods A literature search of studies comparing the use of noradrenaline and vasopressin in septic shock was conducted, using MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. The primary outcome evaluated was mortality rate. Subgroup analysis of secondary measures was also conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software. Results Four RCTs of 1039 patients were included. There is good evidence supporting a comparable mortality rate (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.78, 1.08, p = .32, I2 = 0%), and moderate evidence supporting an equivalent length of ICU stay (MD: 0.14, 95% CI: -1.37, 1.65, p = .86, I2 = 46%) and occurrence of adverse events (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.70, p = .35, I2 = 13%) between the two cohorts. Conclusion The two regimes have equivalent outcomes, but vasopressin has a role in selected patients experiencing less severe septic shock beyond a 36-h period. Further work will make definitive clinical recommendations for optimal strategy of vasopressin or noradrenaline usage.
Published: 2019

5. Risk Factors of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma beyond Alcohol and Smoking

Author: Sheraz R. Markar, Munir Tarazi, and Swathikan Chidambaram
Subjects: Oncology, squamous cell carcinoma, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, MEDLINE, Review, Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lcsh:RC254-282, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, esophageal, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, Medicine, Microbiome, Risk factor, Disease prognosis, Potential risk, business.industry, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, SCC, risk factor, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Observational study, business
Abstract: Simple Summary Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the sixth most common cause of death worldwide. Incidence rates vary internationally, with the highest rates found in Southern and Eastern Africa, and central Asia. Initial studies identified multiple factors associated with an increased risk of ESCC, with subsequent work then focused on developing plausible biological mechanistic associations. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of risk factors in the development of ESCC and propose future directions for further research. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify risk factors associated with the development of ESCC. Risk factors were divided into seven subcategories: genetic, dietary and nutrition, gastric atrophy, infection and microbiome, metabolic, epidemiological and environmental, and other risk factors. Risk factors from each subcategory were summarized and explored. This review highlights several current risk factors of ESCC. Further research to validate these results and their effects on tumor biology is necessary. Abstract Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the sixth most common cause of death worldwide. Incidence rates vary internationally, with the highest rates found in Southern and Eastern Africa, and central Asia. Initial observational studies identified multiple factors associated with an increased risk of ESCC, with subsequent work then focused on developing plausible biological mechanistic associations. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of risk factors in the development of ESCC and propose future directions for further research. A systematic search of the literature was conducted by screening EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, and CENTRAL for relevant publications. In total, 73 studies were included that sought to identify risk factors associated with the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Risk factors were divided into seven subcategories: genetic, dietary and nutrition, gastric atrophy, infection and microbiome, metabolic, epidemiological and environmental and other risk factors. Risk factors from each subcategory were summarized and explored with mechanistic explanations for these associations. This review highlights several current risk factors of ESCC. These risk factors were explored, and explanations dissected. Most studies focused on investigating genetic and dietary and nutritional factors, whereas this review identified other potential risk factors that have yet to be fully explored. Furthermore, there is a lack of literature on the association of these risk factors with tumor factors and disease prognosis. Further research to validate these results and their effects on tumor biology is absolutely necessary.
Published: 2021

6. SARS-CoV-2 and Obesity: 'CoVesity'—a Pandemic Within a Pandemic

Author: Kamal Mahawar, Sanjay Purkayastha, Paulina Salminen, Kimberley Zakka, Swathikan Chidambaram, James Kinross, Sami Mansour, Ramos Almino, Philip R. Schauer, and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Population, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Context (language use), Review, Overweight, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, BMI, 0302 clinical medicine, PanSurg Collaborative, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Obesity, Risk factor, Intensive care medicine, education, Pandemics, Bariatric surgery, education.field_of_study, Science & Technology, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, 1103 Clinical Sciences, medicine.disease, Obesity, Morbid, Coronavirus, Obesity surgery, Respiratory failure, Surgery, medicine.symptom, business, Viral load, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract: Individuals who are overweight or suffering from obesity are in a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, making them particularly susceptible to developing severe forms of respiratory failure. Studies conducted in past pandemics link obesity with worse health outcomes. This population is thus of particular concern within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the cessation of obesity management services. This systematic review highlights [1] the reciprocal link between the obesity and COVID-19 pandemics, [2] obesity as a risk factor for more severe disease in past pandemics, [3] potential mechanisms that make individual’s suffering from obesity more susceptible to severe disease and higher viral load, and [4] the need to safely resume bariatric services as recommended by expert guidelines, in order to mitigate the health outcomes of an already vulnerable population.
Published: 2021
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7. What Has Been the Impact of Covid-19 on Safety Culture? A Case Study from a Large Metropolitan Healthcare Trust

Author: Swathikan Chidambaram, Sam E Mason, Melanie Almonte, Guy Martin, Sheraz R. Markar, Mary Wells, Sanjay Purkayastha, Kelsey Flott, Jasmine Winter Beatty, Ee Teng Goh, Viknesh Sounderajah, Abhiram Kanneganti, Benjamin Yong-Qiang Tan, Alasdair Scott, James Kinross, Max Denning, Jan Przybylowicz, Seema Yalamanchili, and Jonathan Clarke
Subjects: Gerontology, Adult, Male, Safety Management, Multivariate analysis, Attitude of Health Personnel, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Pneumonia, Viral, Ethnic group, Organizational culture, lcsh:Medicine, Article, safety culture, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient safety, Betacoronavirus, 0302 clinical medicine, Statistical significance, Health care, patient safety, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Safety culture, Pandemics, safety attitudes questionnaire (SAQ), business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, 030503 health policy & services, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Middle Aged, Organizational Culture, United Kingdom, Risk perception, health care professionals, Female, 0305 other medical science, business, Coronavirus Infections, Covid-19
Abstract: Covid-19 has placed an unprecedented demand on healthcare systems worldwide. A positive safety culture is associated with improved patient safety and, in turn, with patient outcomes. To date, no study has evaluated the impact of Covid-19 on safety culture. The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) was used to investigate safety culture at a large UK healthcare trust during Covid-19. Findings were compared with baseline data from 2017. Incident reporting from the year preceding the pandemic was also examined. SAQ scores of doctors and &ldquo, other clinical staff&rdquo, were relatively higher than the nursing group. During Covid-19, on univariate regression analysis, female gender, age 40&ndash, 49 years, non-White ethnicity, and nursing job role were all associated with lower SAQ scores. Training and support for redeployment were associated with higher SAQ scores. On multivariate analysis, non-disclosed gender (&minus, 0.13), non-disclosed ethnicity (&minus, 0.11), nursing role (&minus, 0.15), and support (0.29) persisted to a level of significance. A significant decrease (p &lt, 0.003) was seen in error reporting after the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. This is the first study to investigate SAQ during Covid-19. Differences in SAQ scores were observed during Covid-19 between professional groups when compared to baseline. Reductions in incident reporting were also seen. These changes may reflect perception of risk, changes in volume or nature of work. High-quality support for redeployed staff may be associated with improved safety perception during future pandemics.
Published: 2020
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8. Clinician-directed improvement in the accuracy of hospital clinical coding

Author: Anita Hudovsky, Timothy M. Rawson, Dipender Gill, Prasanthi Sivakumaran, Fanourios Georgiades, Krsna Mahbubani, En Lin Goh, Swathikan Chidambaram, and Sucharita Ray
Subjects: business.industry, Tariff, Audit, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Documentation, Payment by Results, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Health care, Remuneration, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical emergency, Medical diagnosis, business, Original Research, Coding (social sciences)
Abstract: 'Payment by results' (PbR) remuneration for healthcare services relies on the accurate conversion of diagnoses into Healthcare Resource Group (HRG) codes that are then reimbursed. Inconsistencies in documentation can result in inaccuracies in this process, with consequent implications for measuring activity, disease incidence and organisational performance. The aim of this study was to determine if clinician involvement increases accuracy in the coding of medical cases. Selected records of medical patients admitted to a London NHS trust between November and December 2016 were reviewed by a coding auditor and a clinician. Any changes to the codes and HRG tariff were noted. In total, 123 cases were considered. Changes in code were made on 68 instances, resulting in an overall increase in remuneration of £39,215; an average of £318 per patient. The primary HRG code was changed in 31 cases which accounted for £28,040 of the increase in tariff. In conclusion, clinician involvement can help with documentation ambiguities, thus improving the accuracy of the coding process in a medical setting. Although such collaborative working offers advantages for both the clinician and the coding team, further work is required to investigate the feasibility of this recommendation on a larger scale.
Published: 2018

9. Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Author: Bhangu, A, Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection GlobalSurg Collaborative Appendix S1 Collaborators Authors (all the following are PubMed citable): Writing group: James, C Glasbey (UK), Adewale, O Adisa (Nigeria), Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri (Rwanda), Ahmad, U Qureshi (Pakistan), Jean, C Allen-Ingabire (Rwanda), Hosni Khairy Salem (Egypt), Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo (Ghana), Stephen Tabiri (Ghana), Dmitri Nepogodiev (UK), Richard, J Lilford (UK), Ewen, M Harrison (UK), Thomas, D Pinkney (UK), Neil Smart (UK), Aneel Bhangu (UK, denotes joint first author Patient representatives: Azmina Verjee (UK), study guarantor)., Emmy Runigamugabo (Rwanda) Statistical analysis: James Glasbey, Aneel Bhangu Protocol development and project steering: Adesoji, O Ademuyiwa, Adewale, O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Afnan, Altamini, Philip, Alexander, Sara, W Al-Saqqa, Giuliano, Borda-Luque, Jen, Cornick, Ainhoa, Costas-Chavarri, Thomas, M Drake, Stuart, J Fergusson, J Edward Fitzgerald, James, Glasbey, Allen Ingabire, J. C., Lawani, Ismaïl, Zahra, Jaffry, Hosni Khairy Salem, Chetan, Khatri, Andrew, Kirby, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Richard, Lilford, Andre, L Mihaljevic, Midhun, Mohan, Dion, Morton, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Dmitri, Nepogodiev, Faustin, Ntirenganya, Riinu, Ots, Francesco, Pata, Thomas, Pinkney, Tomas, Poškus, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sarah, Rayne, Gustavo, Recinos, Kjetil, Søreide, Catherine, A Shaw, Sebastian, Shu, Richard, Spence, Neil, Smart, Stephen, Tabiri, Ewen, M Harrison, Aneel Bhangu National leads (GlobalSurg-1) Lead coordinator, Australia, Neel Gobin, Brazil, Ana Vega Freitas, Canada, Nigel Hall, China, &amp, Hong Kong, Sung-Hee Kim, Egypt, Ahmed, Negida, Hosni, Khairy, England, Stephen, J Chapman, France, Alexis P Arnaud, Ghana, Stephen Tabiri, Guatemala, Gustavo Recinos, India, Cutting Edge Manipal, Indonesia, Radhian Amandito, Iraq, Marwan Shawki, Ireland, Michael Hanrahan, Italy, Francesco Pata, Lithuania, Justas Zilinskas, Malaysia, April Camilla Roslani, Cheng Chun Goh, Nigeria, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Northern Ireland, Gareth Irwin, Peru, Laura, Luque, Saudi, Arabia, Hunain, Shiwani, Afnan, Altamimi, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Scotland, Stuart J Fergusson, South, Africa, Sri Lanka, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Sweden, Yucel Cengiz, Switzerland, Dmitri A Raptis, Wales, James, C Glasbey National leads (GlobalSurg-2) Argentina, Maria Marta Modolo, Australia, Dushyant, Iyer, Sebastian, King, Tom, Arthur, Bangladesh, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Barbados, Ade Waterman, Benin, Lawani Ismaïl, Botswana, Michael Walsh, Canada, Arnav, Agarwal, Augusto, Zani, Mohammed, Firdouse, Tyler, Rouse, China, Qinyang Liu, Colombia, Juan Camilo Correa, Egypt, Hosni Khairy Salem, Estonia, Peep Talving, Ethiopia, Mengistu Worku, France, Alexis Arnaud, Greece, Vassilis Kalles, Guatemala, Basant, Kumar, Sunil, Kumar, Ireland, Roy Quek, Italy, Luca, Ansaloni, Jordan, Ahmed Altibi, Lithuania, Donatas, Venskutonis, Justas, Zilinskas, Tomas, Poskus, Madagascar, John Whitaker, Malawi, Vanessa Msosa, Malaysia, Yong Yong Tew, Malta, Alexia, Farrugia, Elaine, Borg, Mexico, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Morocco, Zineb Bentounsi, Norway, Kjetil Søreide, Pakistan, Tanzeela Gala, Palestinian, Territory, Ibrahim, Al-Slaibi, Haya, Tahboub, Alser, Osaid H., Diego, Romani, Sebestian, Shu, Poland, Piotr Major, Romania, Aurel, Mironescu, Matei, Bratu, Amar, Kourdouli, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Aliyu Ndajiwo, Abdulaziz, Altwijri, Ahmad, Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sierra Leone, Sam Seisay, Singapore, Bettina Lieske, Spain, Irene Ortega, Sri, Lanka, Jenifa, Jeyakumar, Senanayake, Kithsiri J., Sudan, Omar Abdulbagi, Switzerland, Dmitri Raptis, Turkey, Yuksel Altinel, United, Kingdom, Chia, Kong, Ella, Teasdale, Gareth, Irwin, Michael, Stoddart, Rakan, Kabariti, Sukrit, Suresh, United, States, Katherine, Gash, Ragavan, Narayanan, Zambia, Mayaba Maimbo Local collaborators (GlobalSurg-1) Argentina: Claudio Fermani, Ruben, Balmaceda, Australia: Ewan Macdermid, Maria Marta Modolo (Hospital Luis Lagomaggiore)., Neel, Gobin, Roxanne, Chenn, Cheryl Ou Yong, Michael Edye (Blacktown Hospital), Martin, Jarmin, Scott, K D'amours, Dushyant Iyer (Liverpool Hospital, The University Of New South Wales), Daniel, Youssef, Nicholas, Phillips, Jason Brown (Royal Brisbane &amp, Women'S, Hospital), Robert, George, Cherry, Koh, Oliver Warren (The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Australia), Isaac Hanley (The Tweed Hospital), Austria: Clemens Nawara, Marilla Dickfos (Toowoomba Hospital)., Dietmar, Öfner, Florian Primavesi (Department Of Surgery, Bangladesh: Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg)., Khalid Mahmud (Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital), Margub, Hussain, Hafiz, Hakim, Tapan Kumar (Dhaka Medical College Hospital), Benin: Pamphile A Assouto, Antje Oosterkamp (Lamb Hospital)., Ismail, Lawani, Brunei: Aung Kyaw Tun, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou (Centre National Hospitalier Et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga)., Chean Leung Chong (Pmmpmhamb Hospital) Giridhar, H Devadasar, Chean Leung Chong, Muhammad Rashid Minhas Qadir (Ssb Hospital), Kyaw Phyo Aung, Lee Shi Yeo, Brazil: Vanessa Dina Palomino Castillo, Chean Leung Chong (Ripas Hospital)., Monique Moron Munhoz, Gisele Moreira (Conjunto Hospitalar De Sorocaba), Luiz Carlos Barros De Castro Segundo, Salim Anderson Khouri Ferreira, Maíra Cassa Careta (Hospital Da Santa Casa De Misericórdia De Vitória), Stella Binna Kim, Alexandre Venancio De Sousa, Alyne Daltri Lazzarini Cury (Hospital De Caridade Sãƒo De Paula), Gustavo Peixoto Soares Miguel, Ana Vega Carreiro De Freitas, Barbara Pereira Silvestre (Hospital Estadual Doutor Jayme Dos Santos Neves), Julia Guasti Pinto Vianna, Carolina Oliveira Felipe, Luis Alberto Valente Laufer (Hospital Estadual Doutor Jayme Santos Neves), Fernanda, Altoe, Luana Ayres Da Silva, Marina Luiza Pimenta, Thiago Fernandes Giuriato, Paulo Alves Bezerra Morais, Jessica Souza Luiz (Hospital Estadual Dr Jayme Santos Neves), Rafael, Araujo, Juliana, Menegussi, Marisa, Leal, Caio Vinícius Barroso de Lima, Luiza Sarmento Tatagiba, Antônio Leal (Hospital Infantil Nosa Senhora Da Gloria), Diogo Vinicius dos Santos, Gustavo Pereira Fraga, Romeo Lages Simoes (Hospital De Clinicas, Cameroon: Samuel Nigo, University Of Campinas). Cambodia: Simon Stock (World Mate Emergency Hospital)., Juana, Kabba, Tagang Ebogo Ngwa, Canada: Sebastian King, James Brown (Mbingo Baptist Hospital)., Georges, Azzie, Sameer, Kushwaha, Arnav Agarwal (The Hospital For Sick Children), Karen, Bailey, Brian, Cameron, Michael Livingston (McMaster Children's Hospital), Alexandre, Horobjowsky, Dan, L Deckelbaum, Tarek Razek (Centre for Global Surgery, Chile: Boris Marinkovic, McGill University Health Centre)., Eugenio, Grasset, Nicole D'aguzan (Hospital Del Salvador), Julio, Jimenez, China: Zhongtao Zhang, Roberto Macchiavello (Hospital Luis Tisne)., Wei, Guo, Junyeong, Oh, Colombia: Irene Montes, Fei Zheng (Beijing Friendship Hospital)., Sebastian, Sierra, Manuela Mendez (Clinica Ces), Maria Isabel Villegas, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Ivan Mendoza (Clinica Las Vegas), Fred Alexander Naranjo Aristizã¡bal, Jaime Andres Montoya Botero, Victor Manuel Quintero Riaza (Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe), Jakeline, Restrepo, Carlos, Morales, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango (Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundacion), Herman, Cruz, Alejandro, Munera, Croatia: Robert Karlo, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango (Ips Universitaria Clinica Leon Xiii)., Edgar, Domini, Jakov Mihanovic (Zadar General Hospital), Mihael, Radic, Kresimir, Zamarin, Dominican Republic: Manuel Hache-Marliere, Nikica Pezelj (General Hospital Sibenik)., Sylvia Batista Lemaire, Ruben Rivas (Cedimat, - Centro De Diagnostico Medicina Avanzada, Egypt: Ahmed Khyrallh, Laboratorio Y Telemedicina)., Ahamed, Hassan, Gamal, Shimy, Mohamed, A Baky Fahmy (Al-Azher Universty Hospital), Ayman, Nabawi, Mohamed, Elfil, Mohamed, Ghoneem, Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad Gohar, Mohamed, Asal, Mostafa, Abdelkader, Mahmoud, Gomah, Hayssam, Rashwan, Mohamed, Karkeet, Ahmed Gomaa (Alexandria Main University Hospital), Amr, Hasan, Ahmed, Elgebaly, Omar, Saleh, Ahmad Abdel Fattah, Abdullah, Gouda, Abd Elrahman Elshafay, Abdalla, Gharib, Ahmed, Menshawy, Mohammed, Hanafy, Abdullah, Al-Mallah, Mahmoud, Abdulgawad, Mohamad, Baheeg, Mohammed, Alhendy, Ibrahim, Abdelfattah, Abdalla, Kenibar, Omar, Osman, Mostafa, Gemeah, Ahmed, Mohammed, Abdalrahman, Adel, Abdelrahman, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Sayed, Mohamed Abozaid (Al-Hussein Hospital), Ahmed Hafez El-Badri Kotb, Ali Amin Ahmed Ata, Mohammed, Nasr, Abdelrahman, Alkammash, Mohammed, Saeed, Nader Abd El Hamid, Attia Mohamed Attia, Ahmed Abd El Galeel, Eslam, Elbanby, Khalid Salah El-Dien, Usama, Hantour, Omar, Alahmady, Billal, Mansour, Amr Muhammad Elkorashy (Bab El-Shareia Hospital), Emad Mohamed Saeed Taha, Kholod Tarek Lasheen, Salma Said Elkolaly, Nehal Yosri Elsayed Abdel-Wahab, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi Abozyed, Ahmed, Adel, Ahmed Moustafa Saeed, Gehad Samir El Sayed, Jehad Hassan Youssif (Banha University Hospital), Soliman Magdy Ahmed, Nermeen Soubhy El-Shahat, Abd El-Rahman Hegazy Khedr (Belbes Central Hospital), Abdelrhman Osama Elsebaaye, Mohamed, Elzayat, Mohamed, Abdelraheim, Ibrahim, Elzayat, Mahmoud, Warda, Khaled Naser El Deen, Abdelrhman Essam Elnemr, Omar, Salah, Mohamed, Abbas, Mona, Rashad, Ibrahim, Elzayyat, Dalia, Hemeda, Gehad, Tawfik, Mai, Salama, Hazem, Khaled, Mohamed Seisa (El Dawly Hospital, - Mansoura), Kareem, Elshaer, Abdelfatah, Hussein, Mahmoud Elkhadrawi (El Mahalla General Hospital), Ahmed Mohamed Afifi, Osama Saadeldeen Ebrahim, Mahmoud Mohamed Metwally (El, - Mataria Educational Hospital), Rowida, Elmelegy, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary Elsawahly, Hisham, Safa, Eman, Nofal, Mohamed, Elbermawy, Ahmed Abdelmotaleb Ghazy, Hisham, Samih, Asmaa, Abdelgelil, Sarah, Abdelghany, Ahmed El Kholy, Metwally, Aboraya, Fatma, Elkady, Mahmoud, Salma, Sarah, Samy, Reem, Fakher, Aya, Aboarab, Ahmed, Samir, Ahmed, Sakr, Abdelrahman, Haroun, Asmaa Abdel-Rahman Al-Aarag, Ahmed, Elkholy, Sally Elshanwany (El-Menshawy Hospital), Esraa Ghanem (Elshohadaa Central Hospital), Ahmed, Tammam, Ali Mohamed Hammad, Yousra El Shoura, Gehad El Ashal, Hosni Khairy (Kasr Alainy School Of Medicine), Sarah, Antar, Sara, Mehrez, Mahmoud, Abdelshafy, Maha Gamal Mohamad Hamad, Mona, Hosh, Emad, Abdallah, Basma, Magdy, Thuraya, Alzayat, Elsayed, Gamaly, Hossam, Elfeki, Amany, Abouzahra, Shereen, Elsheikh, Fatimah, I Elgendy (Mansoura University Hospitals), Fathia Abd El-Salam, Osama, Seifelnasr, Mohamed, Ammar, Athar, Eysa, Aliaa, Sadek, Aliaa Gamal Toeema, Aly, Nasr, Mohamed, Abuseif, Hagar, Zidan, Sara Abd Elmageed Barakat, Nadin, Elsayed, Yasmin Abd Elrasoul, Ahmed, Elkelany, Mohamed Sabry Ammar, Mennat-Allah, Mustafa, Yasmin, Hegazy, Mohamed, Etman, Samar, Saad, Mahmoud, Alrahawy, Ahmed, Raslan, Mahmoud, Morsi, Ahmed, Rslan, Ahmed, Sabry, Hager, Elwakil, Heba, Shaker, Yasmin, Abd-Elrasoul, Ahmed Elkelany (Menoufia University Hospitals), Hussein, El-Kashef, Mohamed, Shaalan, Areej Tarek (Minia University Hospital), Ayman, Elwan, Ahmed Ragab Nayel, Mostafa, Seif, Doaa, Emadeldin, Mohamed Ali Ghonaim, Ahmad, Almallah, Ahmed, Fouad, Eman Adel Sayma (New Damietta University Hospital), Ahmad, Elbatahgy, Angham Solaiman El-Ma'doul, Ahmed, Mosad, Hager, Tolba, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin Elsorogy, Hassan Ali Mostafa, Amira Atef Omar, Ola Sherief Abd El Hameed, Ahmed Lasheen (Quweisna Central Hospital In Quweisna), Yasser Abd El Salam, Ashraf, Morsi, Mohammed Ismail (Ras El Tin General Hospital), Hager Ahmed El-badawy, Mohamed, A Amer, Ahmed Sabry El-Hamouly, Attallah, Noura A., Omnia, Mosalum, Ahmed, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Alaa, Abouelnasr, Sara, Ayad, Ramdan, Shaker, Rokia, Sakr, Ramadan, Shaker, Mahmoud, Amreia, Soaad, Elsobky, Mohamed, Mustafa, Ahmed Abo El Magd, Abeer, Marey, Amr Tarek Hafez, Mohamed, F Zalabia (Shebin Elkom Teaching Hospital, Menoufia), Mohamed Moamen Mohamed, Amr, Fadel, Emad Ali Ahmed (Sohag University Hospital), Ahmad, Ali, Mohammad Ghassan Alwafai, Abdullah, Dwydar, Sara, Kharsa, Ehab, Mamdouh, Hatem, El-Sheemy, Ibrahim, Alyoussef, Abouelatta Khairy Aly, Ahmad, Aldalaq, Ehab, Alnawam, Dalia Alkhabbaz (Souad Kafafi University Hospital), Mahmoud, Saad, Shady, Hussein, Ahmed Abo Elazayem, Ahmed, Meshref, Marwa, Elashmawy, Mohammed, Mousa, Ahmad, Nashaat, Sara, Ghanem, Zaynab, M Elsayed, Aya, Elwaey, Iman Elkadsh (Suez Canal University Hospitals), Mariam, Darweesh, Ahmed, Mohameden, Mennaallah Hafez (Suez General Hospital), Ahmed, Badr, Assmaa, Badwy, Mohamed Abd El Slam (Talla Central Hospital), Mohamed, Elazoul, Safwat, Al-Nahrawi, Lotfy, Eldamaty, Fathee, Nada, Mohamed, Ameen, Aya, Hagar, Mohamed, Elsehimy, Mohammad, Aboraya, Hossam, Dawoud, Shorouk El Mesery, Abeer El Gendy, Ahmed, Abdelkareem, Ahmed Safwan Marey, Mostafa, Allam, Sherif, Shehata, Khaled, Abozeid, Marwa, Elshobary, Ahmed, Fahiem, Sameh, Sarsik, Amel, Hashish, Mohamed, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Shaimaa, Aql, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz Elhendawy (Tanta University Hospital), Mohamed, Husseini, Esraa, Kasem, Ahmed, Gheith, Yasmin, Elfouly, Ahmed Ragab Soliman, Yasmein, Ibrahim, Nesma, Elfouly, Ahmed, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Mohammad, Rashid, Abdallah Salah Elsherbiny, Basem, Sieda, Nermin, M Badwi, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed, Osama, Mohamed, Ethiopia: Mengistu Worku, Mohammad Abdulkhalek Habeeb (Zagazig University Hospitals)., Nichole Starr (Dessie Referral Hospital), Semay, Desta, Sahlu, Wondimu, Nebyou Seyoum Abebe (Minilik Ii Hospital), Efeson, Thomas, Frehun Ayele Asele, Daniel Dabessa (Myungsung Christian Medical Center), Nebiyou Seyoum Abebe, Finland: Panu Mentula, Abebe Bekele Zerihun (Tikur Anbessa Hospital)., Ari, Leppäniemi, France: Aurelien Scalabre, Ville Sallinen (Helsinki University Central Hospital)., Fernanda, Frade, Sabine Irtan (Trousseau Hospital Sorbonnes Universités, Upmc Univ Paris), Vivien, Graffeille, Elodie, Gaignard, Quentin Alimi (Chu De Rennes), Quentin, Alimi, Vivien, Graffieille, Elodie Gaignard (Fr Rennes University), Olivier, Abbo, Sofia, Mouttalib, Ourdia Bouali (Hopital Des Enfants), Erik, Hervieux, Yves, Aigrain, Nathalie Botto (Hopital Necker Enfants Malades), Alice, Faure, Lucile, Fievet, Nicoleta Panait (Hopitâl Nord), Emilie, Eyssartier, Francoise, Schmitt, Guillaume Podevin (Pediatric Surgery Department, University Hospital Of Angers, France), Valentine, Parent, Amandine, Martin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud (Rennes University Hospital), Cecile, Muller, Arnaud, Bonnard, Ghana: Francis Abantanga, Matthieu Peycelon (Robert Debré Children University Hospital)., Kwaku, Boakye-Yiadom, Mohammed Bukari (Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital), Frank Owusu (Offinso District Hospital), Joseph, Awuku-Asabre, Lemuel Davies Bray (University For Development Studies, School Of Medicine And Health Sciences, General Surgery Department, Greece: Dimitrios Lytras, Tamale Teaching Hospital)., Kyriakos, Psarianos, Anastasia Bamicha (Achillopoyleio General Hospital Of Volos), Eirini Kefalidi (Attikon General Hospital), Georgios Gemenetzis (Attikon University Hospital), Christos, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Gouvas, Christos Agalianos (Konstantopouleio General Hospital Of Athens), Michail, Kontos, Gregory, Kouraklis, Dimitrios Karousos (Laiko University Hospital), Stylianos, Germanos, Constantinos Marinos (Larissa General Hospital), Christos, Anthoulakis, Nikolaos, Nikoloudis, Guatemala: Gustavo Recinos, Nikolaos Mitroudis (Serres General Hospital)., Sergio, Estupinian, Walter Forno (Hospital De Accidentes Ceibal), José René Arévalo Azmitia (Hospital General De Enfermedades, Cirugia De Emergencia, Instituto Guatemalteco De Seguridad Social), Carla Cecilia Ramãrez Cabrera (Hospital General De Enfermedades, Servicio De Cirugia Abdominal, Romeo, Guevara, Maria, Aguilera, Napoleon, Mendez, Cesar Augusto Azmitia Mendizabal, Pablo, Ramazzini, Mario Contreras Urquizu (Hospital General San Juan De Dios), Fernando, Tale, Rafael, Soley, Emanuel, Barrios, Emmanuel Barrios (Hospital Juan Jose Arevalo Bermejo), Daniel Estuardo Marroquín Rodríguez, Carlos Iván Pérez Velásquez, Sara María Contreras Mérida (Hospital Regional De Retalhuleu), Francisco, Regalado, Mario, Lopez, Miguel Siguantay (Hospital Roosevelt, Hong Kong: Fong Yee Lam, Guatemala)., Kylie Joan-yi Szeto, Charing Cheuk Ling Szeto, Wing Sum Li, Kieran Ka Kei Li, Man Fung Leung, Tony, Mak, India: SS Prasad, Simon Ng (Prince of Wales Hospital)., Anand, Kirishnan, Nidhi Gyanchandani (KMC Hospital), Bylapudi Seshu Kumar, Muthukumaran Rangarajan (Kovai Medical Centre &amp, Hospital), Sriram, Bhat, Anjana, Sreedharan, Kinnera (Kasturba Medical College), S. V., Yella, Reddy, Caranj, Venugopal, Sunil Kumar (Pes Institute Of Medical Sciences &amp, Research), Abhishek Mittal (Safdarjung Hospital, New, Delhi), Shravan, Nadkarni, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Puneet Malik (Sawai Man Singh Medical College &amp, Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan), Neel, Limaye, Srinivas, Pai, Pratik Jain (Sdm College Of Medical Sciences And Hospital), Monty, Khajanchi, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev Satoskar (Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College And King Edward Memorial Hospital), Indonesia: Eldaa Prisca Refianti Sutanto, Abid Bin Mahamood (Travancore Medical College Hospital)., Daniel Ardian Soeselo, Chintya Tedjaatmadja (Atmajaya Hospital), Fitriana Nur Rahmawati, Radhian, Amandito, Maria Mayasari (Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Iraq: Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad Al-Hasani, Jakarta)., Hasan Ismael Ibraheem Al-Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Israa Abdullah Aziz Al-Azraqi (Alsader Medical City), Lubna, Sabeeh, Rahma, Kamil, Marwan Shawki (Baghdad Medical City), Muwaffaq Mezeil Telfah (Department Of Surgery, College Of Medicine, University Of Mosul, Ireland: Amoudtha Rasendran, Al-Jumhoori Teaching Hospital)., Jacqueline, Sheehan, Robert, Kerley, Caoimhe, Normile, Richard William Gilbert, Jiheon, Song, Mohamed, Dablouk, Linnea, Mauro, Mohammed Osman Dablouk, Michael, Hanrahan, Paul, Kielty, Eleanor Marks (Cork University Hospital), Simon, Gosling, Michelle, Mccarthy, Amoudtha Rasendran (Cork University Hospital &amp, University College Cork), Diya, Mirghani, Syed Altaf Naqvi, Chee Siong Wong (Limerick University Hospital), Siyi, Chung, Reuban, D'Cruz, Ronan Cahill (Mater Misericordiae University Hospital), Simon George Gosling, Amoudtha, Rasendran, Ciara, Fahy, Diana Duarte Cadogan, Anna, Powell, Richard, Gilbert, Caroline, Clifford, Aoife Driscoll (Mercy University Hospital), Stassen, Paul, Chris, Lee, Ross Bowe (Midlands Regional Hospital Mullingar), William, Hutch, Michael Hanrahan (University College Cork), Helen, Mohan, Maeve, O'Neill, Italy: Piergiorgio Danelli, Kenneth Mealy (Wexford General Hospital)., Andrea, Bondurri, Anna Maffioli (Azienda Ospedaliera Luigi Sacco, - Polo Universitario), Mario, Pasini, Giacomo, Pata, Stefano Roncali (Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili Di Brescia, - Chirurgia Generale), Paolo, Silvani, Michele, Carlucci, Roberto Faccincani (Irccs Ospedale San Raffaele), Luigi, Bonavina, Yuri, Macchitella, Chiara Ceriani (University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato), Gregorio, Tugnoli, Salomone Di Saverio, Khaled Khattab (Maggiore Hospital), Miguel Angel Paludi, Domenica, Pata, Luigi Maria Cloro (Nicola Giannettasio Hospital), Andrea, Allegri, Federico Coccolini (Papa Giovanni Xxiii Hospital), Ezio, Veronese, Luca, Bortolasi, Alireza Hasheminia (San Bonifacio Hospital), Giacomo, Nastri, Massimiliano Dal Canto, Stefano Cucumazzo (Santa Croce Hospital), Angelo, Benevento, Gaetano Tessera (Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Gallarate), Pier Paolo Grandinetti, Alessio, Maniscalco, Giovanni Luca Lamanna (Santi Benvenuto, E Rocco Hospital Asur), Luca, Turati, Giovanni, Sgroi, Emanuele Rausa (Treviglio Hospital), Roberta, Villa, Michela, Monteleone, David Merlini (Unita' Di Chirurgia D'urgenza Azienda Ospedaliera Salvini), Federico, Coccolini, Andrea Allegri (Unit Of General Surgery, I, Papa Giovanni Xxiii Hospital), Veronica, Grassi, Roberto, Cirocchi, Libya: Hamza Waleed, Alban Cacurri (University Of Perugia)., Ahmed, Diab, Lithuania: Mantas Jokubauskas, Fathi Elzowawi (Misurata Central Hospital)., Karolis, Varkalys, Donatas Venskutonis (Kaunas Clinical Hospital), Robertas, Pranevicius, Viktorija Ambrozeviciute (Klaipedas Seaman Hospital), Simona, Juciute, Austė Skardžiukaitė (Lietuvos Sveikatos Mokslų Universitetas), Saulius, Bradulskis, Linas, Urbanavicius, Aiste, Austraite, Romualdas, Riauka, Zilvinas Dambrauskas (Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences), Paulius, Karumnas, Zigmantas, Urniezius, Reda Zilinskiene (Republic Hospital Of Kaunas), Anele Rudzenskaite (Republic Hospital Of Panevezys), Ausrine, Usaityte, Margarita, Montrimaite, Nerijus Kaselis (Republic Klaipeda Hospital), Andrius, Strazdas, Kristijonas Jokubonis (Stasys Kudirka Regional Hospital Of Alytus), Kornelija, Maceviciute, Virgilijus, Beisa, Kestutis, Strupas, Erikas Laugzemys (Vilnius University, Center Of Abdominal Surgery), Andrej, Kolosov, Valdemaras, Jotautas, Ignas Rakita (Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics), Saulius, Mikalauskas, Darius, Kazanavicius, Rokas, Rackauskas, Virgilijus Beisa (Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos), Ritauras, Rakauskas, Malawi: Ross Coomber, Egle Preckailaite (Vsi Jonavos Ligonine)., Kenneth, Johnson, Malaysia: Dineshwary Periasammy, Jennifer Nowers (Queen Elizabeth Hospital)., Afizah, Salleh, Andre Das (Hospital Kajang), Reuben Goh Ern Tze, Milaksh Nirumal Kumar, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah (Sarawak General Hospital), Nik Ritza Kosai, Mustafa, Taher, Reynu Rajan (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre), Hoong Yin Chong, Malta: Marija Agius, Cheng Chun Goh (University Malaya Medical Centre)., Maureen, Bezzina, Roberta, Bugeja, Martinique, Vella-Baldacchino, Andrew, Spina, Josephine Psaila (Mater Dei Hospital, Martinique: Helene Francois-Coridon, Malta)., Cecilia, Tolg, Jean-Francois Colombani (Department Of Pediatric Surgery, Mother And Children's Hospital, Mexico: Carmina Diaz-Zorrilla, University Hospital Of Martinique)., Antonio Ramos-De La Medina, Mozambique: Mário Jacobe, Samantha Corro-Diaz Gonzalez (Hospital Español de Veracruz)., Domingos, Mapasse, New Zealand: Ramadan Oumer, Elizabeth Snyder (Hospital Central Maputo)., Mohammed Osman (Whangarei Hospital, Nigeria: Aminu Mohammad, Northland District Health Board)., Lofty-John, Anyanwu, Abdulrahman Sheshe (Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital), Alaba, Adesina, Olubukola, Faturoti, Ogechukwu Taiwo (Babcock University Teaching Hospital), Muhammad Habib Ibrahim, Abdulrasheed, A Nasir, Siyaka Itopa Suleiman (Federal Medical Centre, Birnin, Kebbi), Adewale, Adeniyi, Opeoluwa, Adesanya, Ademola Adebanjo (Federal Medical Centre), Roland, Osuoji, Kazeem, Atobatele, Ayokunle, Ogunyemi, Omolara, Williams, Mobolaji, Oludara, Olabode Oshodi (Lagos State University Teaching Hospital), Adesoji, Ademuyiwa, AbdulRazzaq Oluwagbemiga Lawal, Felix, Alakaloko, Olumide, Elebute, Adedapo, Osinowo, Christopher Bode(Lagos University Teaching Hospital), Abidemi Adesuyi (National Hospital Abuja), Adesoji, Tade, Adeleke, Adekoya, Collins Nwokoro (Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital), Omobolaji, O Ayandipo, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Akinlabi, E Ajao (University College Hospital), Samuel Sani Ali, Babatunde, Odeyemi, Samson Olori (University of Abuja Teaching Hospital), Ademola, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Lossius (Department Of Gastrointestinal Surgery, James Adeniran (University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital). Norway: William J., Olavs Hospital, St., Trondheim University Hospital), Ingemar Havemann (Soerlandet Hospital Kristiansand), Kenneth, Thorsen, Jon Kristian Narvestad, Kjetil Soreide (Stavanger University Hospital), Trude Beate Wold, Linn Nymo (University Hospital Of North Norway, Oman: Mohammed Elsiddig, Troms)., Pakistan: Kamran Faisal Bhopal, Manzoor Dar (Sohar Hospital)., Zainab, Iftikhar, Muhammad Mohsin Furqan (Bahawal Victoria Hospital), Bakhtiar, Nighat, Masood, Jawaid, Abdul Khalique (Dow University Hospital), Ahsan, Zil-E-Ali, Anam Rashid (Fatima Memorial Hospital), Hasnain Abbas Dharamshi, Tahira, Naqvi, Ahmad Faraz (Karachi Medical And Dental College, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital), Abdul Wahid Anwar, Tahir Muhammad Yaseen, Ghina Shamim Shamsi, Ghina, Shamsi, Tahir, Yaseen, Paraguay: Horacio Paredes Decoud, Wahid Anwer (The Indus Hospital)., Omar, Aguilera, Ismael Isaac Zelada Alvarez, Juan Marcelo Delgado, Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Peru: Wendy Leslie Messa Aguilar, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse (Hospital De Clínicas)., Jose Antonio Cabala Chiong, Essalud), Ana Cecilia Manchego Bautista (Carlos Alberto Seguin Escobedo National Hospital., Eduardo, Huaman, Sergio, Zegarra, Rony Camacho (Hospital Necional Guillermo Almenara), Jose María Vergara Celis, Diego Alonso Romani Pozo (Hospital De Emergencias Pediatricas), José, Hamasaki, Edilberto, Temoche, Jaime Herrera-Matta (Hospital De Policia), Carla Pierina García Torres, Luis Miguel Alvarez Barreda, Ronald Renato Barrionuevo Ojeda (Hospital Goyeneche), Octavio Garaycochea (Hospital Ii -1 Minsa Moyobamba), Melanie Castro Mollo, Mitchelle Solange De Fã Tima Linares Delgado, Francisco Fujii (Hospital Maria Auxiliadora), Ana Cecilia Manchego Bautista, Wendy Leslie Messa Aguilar, Jose Antonio Cabala Chiong (Hospital Nacional Carlos Alberto Seguin), Susana Yrma Aranzabal Durand, Carlos Alejandro Arroyo Basto, Nelson Manuel Urbina Rojas (Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins-Essalud), Sebastian Bernardo Shu Yip, Ana Lucia Contreras Vergara, Andrea Echevarria Rosas Moran, Giuliano Borda Luque, Manuel Rodriguez Castro, Ramon Alvarado Jaramillo (Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia), George Manrique Sila, Crislee Elizabeth Lopez, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze De Leon, Massiell, Machaca, Ronald Coasaca Huaraya, Andy, Arenas, Crislee, López, Clara Milagros Herrera Puma, Wilfredo, Pino, Christian, Hinojosa, Melanie Zapata Ponze De Leon, Susan, Limache, George Manrrique Sila, Portugal: Renato Melo, Layza-Alejandra Mercado Rodriguez (Hospital Regional Honorio Delgado Espinoza)., Jose, Costa-Maia, Romania: Ionasc Dan, Nuno Muralha (Servico De Cirurgia Geral - Centro Hospitalar Sao Joao - Porto). Reunion: Frederique Sauvat (Chu Reunion)., Mircea, Hogea, Pandi Eduard (Emergency Clinical Hospital Brasov), Razvan-Matei, Bratu, Mircea, Beuran, Ionut-Bogdan, Diaconescu, Bogdan-Valeriu, Martian, Florin-Mihail, Iordache, Mihaela Vartic (Emergency Clinical Hospital Bucharest), Lucian Corneliu Vida, Liviu Iuliu Muntean, Rwanda: Vizir Jean Paul Nsengimana (Chuk), Aurel Sandu Mironescu (Spitalul Clinic De Copii Brasov)., Alice, Niragire, Jean De La Croix Allen Ingabire, San Marino: Nicola Zanini, Eugene Niyirera (University Teaching Hospital Of Kigali)., Elio, Jovine, Alomar, Giovanni Landolfo (San Marino State Hospital). Saudi Arabia: Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry (Buraydah Central Hospital), Abdulrahman M., Moayad, Othman, Nohad Osman (Imam Abdulrahman Al Faisal Hospital), Enas Alqahtani (King Abdulaziz Hospital Al Ahsa National Guard), Mohammed, Alzahrani, Rifan, Alyami, Emad Aljohani (King Abdulaziz Medical City), Ibrahim, Alhabli, Zaher, Mikwar, Sultan Almuallem (King Abdulaziz Medical City (King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah), Emad, Aljohani, Mohammed Alzahrani (King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh), Abrar, Nawawi, Mohamad, Bakhaidar, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Mohammed, Alsaggaf, Murad, Aljiffry, Abdulmalik, Altaf, Ahmad, Khoja, Alaa, Habeebullah, Nouf Akeel (Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi, Arabia), Nashat, Ghandora, Abdullah, Almoflihi, Abdulmalik Huwait (King Fahad General Hospital), Abeer, Al-shammari, Mashael Al-Mousa (King Fahad Hospital), Masood, Alghamdi, Walid, Adham, Bandar, Albeladi, Muayad Ahmed Alfarsi, Atif, Mahdi, Saad Al Awwad (King Fahd Hospital), Thamer, Nouh, Mazen Hassanain (King Khaled University Hospital, King Saud University), Salman, Aldhafeeri, Nawal, Sadig, Osama Algohary (King Khalid General Hospital), Mohannad, Aledrisy, Ahmad Alrifaie (King Khalid National Guard Hospital), Mohammed, Alrowais, Amani Althwainy (Department of Surgery, Alaa, Shabkah, Uthman, Alamoudi, Mawaddah Alrajraji (National Guard Hospital), Basim, Alghamdi, Saud, Aljohani, Abdullah Daqeeq (Rcymc), South Africa: Vicky Jennings, Jubran J Al-Faifi (Security Forces Hospital)., Nyawira, Ngayu, Rachel Moore (Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital), Victor Kong (Edendale Hospital), Hayden, Kretzmann, Katie, Connor, Daniel Nel (Frere Hospital), Colleen, Sampson, Eugenio Panieri (Groote Schuur), Nosisa Sishuba (Helen Joseph Hospital, Department Of Surgery, University Of The Witwatersrand), Myint, Tun, Albert Mohale Mphatsoe, Jo-Anne Carreira (Leratong Hospital), Mark Wagener (Ngwelezana Hospital), Stefan, Botes, Spain: Fernando Fernandez-Bueno (Hospital Central De La Defensa Gomez Ulla), Danelo Du Plessis (Rob Ferreira Hospital)., Jose, Aguilar-Jimenez, Sms), Jose Andres Garcia-Marin (Hospital Morales Meseguer., Lorena Solar García, Luis Joaquín García Florez, Rubén Darío Arias Pacheco (Hospital San Agustín), Janet, Pagnozzi, Jimy Harold Jara Quezada, Jose Luis Rodicio, German, Minguez, Raquel, Rodríguez-Uría, Paul, Ugalde, Camilo, Lopez-Arevalo, Luis, Barneo, Jessica Patricia Gonzales Stuva (Hospital Universitario Central De Asturias), Irene, Ortega-Vazquez, Lorena, Rodriguez, Sri Lanka: Prasad Pitigala Arachchi, Norberto Herrera (Severo Ochoa University Hospital)., Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya Arachchige (Department Of General Surgery, Teaching Hospital Kandy), Sivasuriya, Sivaganesh, Dulan Irusha Samaraweera, Sudan: Ahmed Elgaili Khalid Musa, Vimalakanthan Thanusan (National Hospital Of Sri Lanka)., Reem Mohammed Hassan Balila, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad Mohamed (Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital), Hussein, Ali, Hagir Zain Elabdin, Alaa Hassan (Jarash International Specialized Hospital), Sefeldin, Mahdi, Hala, Ahmed, Sahar Abdoun Ishag Idris (Khartoum Teaching Hospital), Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Elsayed, Sweden: Magnus Boijsen, Mohamed Mahmoud (Omdurman Teaching Hospital)., Per-Olof Lundgren (Capio St Goran Hospital), Ulf, Gustafsson, Ali Kiasat (Danderyds Hospital), Fredrik, Wogensen, Emma, Jurdell, Anders Thorell (Department Of Surgery, Ersta, Hospital, Stockholm), Hildur, Thorarinsdottir, Maria Utter (Helsingborgs Lasarett), Sami Martin Sundstrom (Hudiksvall Sjukhus), Cecilia, Wredberg, Ann Kjellin (Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset), Johanna, Nyberg, Bjorn Frisk (Skaraborg Hospital Skovde), Malin, Sund, Linda, Andersson, Ulf Gunnarsson (Department Of Surgical And Perioperative Sciences, Umea University and Umea University Hospital), Yücel, Cengiz, Sandra, Ahlqvist, Ida Björklund (Sundsvall Hostpital) Hanna Royson, Per Weber (Vaexjoe Central Hospital), Hans-Ivar, Pahlsson, Eva Borin (Visby Hospital, Department Of Surgery), Maria Hjertberg (Vrinnevi Hospital), Hanna, Royson, Switzerland: Roger Schmid, Per Weber (Vaxjo Central Hospital)., Debora, Schivo, Vasileios Despotidis (Bürgerspital Solothurn), Stefan, Breitenstein, Ralph, F Staerkle, Erik Schadde (Kantonsspital Winterthur), Fabian, Deichsel, Alexandra, Gerosa, Antonio Nocito (Kantonsspital Baden), Dimitri Aristotle Raptis, Barbara, Mijuskovic, Markus, Zuber, Lukas Eisner (Kantonsspital Olten), Swantje, Kruspi, Katharina Beate Reinisch, Christin Schoewe (Kreisspital Fuer Das Freiamt Muri Ag), Allan, Novak, Palma, Adrian F., Gerfried Teufelberger (Kreisspital Muri, Tanzania: Msafiri Kimaro, Department Of Surgery)., Rachel King (Mbalizi Christian Designated Hospital) Turkey: Ali Zeynel Abidin Balkan, Mehmet, Gumar, Mehmet Ali Yavuz (Harran University Research And Treatment Hospital), Ufuk, Karabacak, Gokhan, Lap, Bahar Busra Ozkan (Ondokuz Mayis University, Medical, Faculty), Bahar Busra Ozkan, United Kingdom: Ryan Adams, Murat Karakahya (Ordu University Training And Research Hospital)., Robert, Morton, Liam, Henderson, Ruth, Gratton, Keiran David Clement, Kate Yu-Ching Chang, David, Mcnish, Ryan, Mcintosh, William Milligan (Aberdeen Royal Infirmary), Brendan, Skelly, Hannah, Anderson-Knight, Roger Lawther (Altnagelvin Area Hospital), Jemina, Onimowo, Veereanna, Shatkar, Shivanee Tharmalingam (Barking, Havering And Redbridge University Hospitals Trust (Queens Hospital, Romford), Evelina, Woin, Tessa, Fautz, Oliver Ziff (Barnet General Hospital), Shiva, Dindyal, Sam, Arman, Shagorika, Talukder, Vijay, Gadhvi, Shagorika Talukder (Basildon And Thurrock University Foundation Trust), Luen Shaun Chew, Jonathan Heath (Blackpool Victoria Teaching Hospitals), Natalie, Blencowe, Sally, Hallam, Katherine Gash (Bristol Royal Infirmary), Gurdeep Singh Mannu, Dimitris-Christos, Zachariades, Ailsa Claire Snaith (Buckinghamshire NHS Trust), Thusitha Sampath Hettiarachchi, Arjun, Nesaratnam, James Wheeler (Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Darragh, Mccullagh, Joshua Michael Clements, Ata Khan (Causeway Hospital), Foteini, Koumpa, Christina, Neophytou, Jessica, Roth, Wai Cheong Soon, Mohammed, Deputy, Ahmed, Ahmed, Annelisse, Ashton, Joe, Vincent, Jack, Almy, Taufiq, Khan, John Lee, Y Allen, Charlotte Jane Mcintyre, Dominic Charles Marshall (Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust), Mark, Sykes, Nebil, Behar, Harriet Jordan (Chelsea And Westminster Hospital), Yaseen, Rajjoub, Thomas Sherman (Cheltenham General Hospital), Timothy, White, Anna, Watts, Rohan Ardley (Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust), Tan, Arulampalam, Apar, Shah, Damien Brown (Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust), Emma, Blower, Paul, Sutton, Konstantinos, Gasteratos, Dale Vimalachandran (Countess Of Chester Hospital), Cathy, Magee, Andrew Mcguigan (Craigavon Area Hospital), Stephen, Mcaleer, Clare Morgan (Daisy Hill Hospital), Sarah Braungart (Department Of Paediatric Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary), Kirsten, Lafferty, Peter, Labib, Andrei, Tanase, Clodagh, Mangan, Lillian, Reza, Clodagh Mangan (Derriford Hospital), Helen, Woodward, Craig, Gouldthorpe, Megan Turner (Diana Princess Of Wales Hospital), Jonathan R, L Wild, Tom AM Malik, Victoria, K Proctor (Doncaster Royal Infirmary NHS Foundation Trust), Kalon, Hewage, James Davies (Dorset County Hospital), Andre, Dubois, Sayed, Sarwary, Ali, Zardab, Alan, Grant, Robert Mcintyre (Dr Grays Hospital), Yogendra Praveen Mogan, Weiguang, Ho, Bryon Frankie Hon Khi Chong (Dumfries And Galloway Royal Infirmary), Shirish, Tewari, Gemma, Humm, Eriberto Farinella (East And North Hertfordshire NHS Trust Lister Hospital) Nigel, J Hall, Naomi, J Wright, Christina, P Major (Evelina Children's Hospital), Thelma, Xerri, Phoebe De Bono, Jasim, Amin, Mustafa, Farhad, Camilleri-Brennan, John F., Andrew G, N Robertson, Joanna, Swann, James, Richards, Aijaz, Jabbar, Myranda, Attard, Hannah, Burns, Euan, Macdonald, Matthew, Baldacchino, Jennifer, Skehan, Julian Camilleri-Brennan (Forth Valley Royal Hospital), Tom Falconer Hall, Madelaine, Gimzewska, Greta Mclachlan (Frimley Park Hospital), Jamie, Shah, James Giles (George Elliot Hospital), Selina, Chiu, Beatrix, Weber, Selina Man Yeng Chiu, Saskia Highcock (Gilbert Bain Hospital), Maleeha, Hassan, William, Beasley, Apostolos, Vlachogiorgos, Stephen, Dias, Geta, Maharaj, Rosie Mcdonald (Glangwili General Hospital), Alisdair, Macdonald, Paul, Witherspoon, Alan Baird (Glasgow Southern General Hospital), Panchali, Sarmah, Nikki, Green, Haney Youssef (Good Hope Hospital), Kate, Cross, Clare, M Rees, Bernard Van Duren (Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Foundation Trust), Emma Upchurch (Great Western Hospital), Khurram, Khan, Haytham, Abudeeb, Ahmed Hammad (Hairmyres Hospital, Nhs, Lanarkshire), Sharad, Karandikar, Doug, Bowley, Ahmed Karim (Heart Of England Foundation Trust), Witold, Chachulski, Liam, Richardson, Giles, Dawnay, Ben, Thompson, Ajayesh, Mistry, Aneel, Bhangu, Millika, Ghetia, Sudipta, Roy, Ossama, Al-Obaedi, Kaustuv Das (Hereford County Hospital), Ash, Prabhudesai, Cocker, Dm, Jessica Juliana Tan (Hillingdon Hospital), Robert, Tyler, Filippo Di Franco, Shruti Ayyar (Hinchingbrooke Hospital), Sayinthen, Vivekanantham, Shyam Gokani (Imperial College London), Michael, Gillespie, Katrin Gudlaugsdottir (Inverclyde Royal Hospital), Theodore, Pezas, Chelise, Currow, Matthew Young-Han Kim (Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust), Amerdip, Birring, Joanne, Edwards, Ased, Ali, Suparna, Das, Madan, Jha, Kieran Atkinson (James Cook University Hospital), Joshua, Luck, Thomas, Fozard, Michael Puttick (John Radcliffe Hospital), Yahya, Salama, Rohi, Shah, Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem, Hamdi, Ebdewi, Gianpiero, Gravante, Saleem El-Rabaa (Kettering General Hospital), Henry, Nnajiuba, Rebecca, Allott, Aman Bhargava (King George Hospital), Zoe, Chan, Zaffar Hassan (Kings College Hospital), Misty, Makinde, David, Hemingway, Ramzana, Dean, Alexander, Boddy, Ahmed, Aber, Vijay Patel (Leicester Royal Infirmary), Jehangirshaw Parakh (Leighton Hospital, - Mid Cheshire NHS Foundation Trust), Sunil Parthiban (Lister Hospital), Harmony Kaur Ubhi, Simon-Peter Hosein (Luton And Dunstable Hospital), Simon, Ward, Kamran Malik (Macclesfield District General Hospital), Leifa, Jennings, Tom, Newton, Mirna, Alkhouri, Min Kyu Kang, Christopher, Houlden, Jonathan Barry (Morriston Hospital), Imtanan, Raza, Alistair, Farquharson, Sanjeet Bhattacharya (NHS Ayrshire), William, Milligan, Kate, Chang, Liam Henderson (NHS Grampian), Michael S, J Wilson, Yan Ning Neo, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Emily, Chan, Fraser, S Peck, Pei, J Lim, Alexander, S North, Rebecca, Blundell, Adam Williamson (Ninewells Hospital, NHS), Dina, Fouad, Ashish Minocha (Norfolk And Norwich University Hospital), Kathryn, Mccarthy, Emma, Court, Alice Chambers (North Bristol NHS Trust), Jenna, Yee, Ji Chung Tham, Ceri Beaton (North Devon District Hospital), Una, Walsh, Joseph, Lockey, Salman, Bokhari, Lara, Howells, Megan, Griffiths, Laura Yallop (Northwick Park Hospital), Shailinder, Singh, Omar, Nasher, Paul Jackson (Nottingham Children's Hospital At Queens Medical Centre Campus), Michael, Puttick, Thomas Fozard (Oxford University Hospitals), Abdul Muiz Shariffuddin, Weng Chee Ho, Michael Sj Wilson, Gurpreet Pabla (Perth Royal Infirmary), Saed, Ramzi, Shady, Zeidan, Jennifer Doughty (Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust), Sidhartha, Sinha, Ross, Davenport, Jason Lewis (Princess Alexandra Hospital), Leo, Duffy, Elizabeth, Mcaleer, Eleanor Williams (Princess Of Wales Hospital), Robin, Som, Omar Javed (Queen Elizabeth Hospital Woolwich), Matthew, Boal, Nicola, Harrison, Habib, Tafazal, Omar, Javed, Tom, Brogden, Ewen Griffiths (Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham) Rhalumi Daniel Obute, Thomas, E Glover, David, J Clark (Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn), Mohamed, Boshnaq, Mansoor, Akhtar, Pascale, Capleton, Samer, Doughan, Mohamed, Rabie, Ismail Mohamed (Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Hospital), Duncan, Samuel, Lauren, Dickson, Matthew, Kennedy, Eleanor, Dempster, Emma, Brown, Natalie, Maple, Eimear, Monaghan, Bernhard, Wolf, Alicia Garland (Raigmore Hospital), Arthur, Mcphee, David, Anderson, Robert Anderson (Royal Alexandria Hospital), Sarah, Hassan, Dave Smith (Royal Bolton Hospital), Jonathan, Lund, Catherine, Boereboom, Jennifer, Murphy, Gillian, Tierney, Samson Tou (Royal Derby Hospital), Eleanor Franziska Zimmermann, Neil James Smart, Andrea Marie Warwick (Royal Devon And Exeter National Health Service Foundation Trust), Theodora, Stasinou, Ian, Daniels, Kim Findlay-Cooper (Royal Devon &amp, Exeter NHS Foundation Trust), Stefan, Mitrasinovic, Swayamjyoti, Ray, Massimo, Varcada, Rovan, D'Souza, Sharif Omara (Royal Free Hospital), Matthew, Spurr, Lucienne, Parkinson, Anthony Hanks (Royal Glamorgan Hospital), Jennifer, Ma, Emily, Abington, Meera, Ramcharn, Gethin Williams (Royal Gwent Hospital), Joseph, Winstanley, Kennedy, Ewan D., Emily NW Yeung (Royal Hospital For Sick Children), Catrin, Jones, Stephen, O'Neill, Shujing Jane Lim, Ignatius, Liew, Hari, Nair, Cameron, Fairfield, Julia, Oh, Samantha, Koh, Andrew, Wilson, Catherine Fairfield (Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Delran, Anandkumar, Ashok, Kirupagaran, Timothy, F Jones, Hew Dt Torrance, Alexander, J Fowler, Charmilie, Chandrakumar, Priyank, Patel, Syed Faaz Ashraf, Lakhani, Sonam M., Aaron Lawson Mclean, Sonia Basson (Royal London Hospital), Jeremy, Batt, Catriona, Bowman, Natasha Benons (Royal United Hospital Bath), Clare, Mason, Rebecca, Harrison, John Quayle (Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust), Tom, Barker, Virginia, Summerour, Edward Harper (Sandwell And West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust), Caroline, Smith, Matthew Hampton (Sheffield Children's Hospital), Sophie, K Pitt, Alex, E Ward, Timothy, O’Connor, Emily, G Heywood, Thomas, M Drake (Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Abeed, Chowdhury, Sina, Hossaini, Nicholas Fs Watson (Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Doug, Mckechnie, Ayaan, Farah, Anita Chun (Southend University Hospital), Hoey, Koh, Grace, Lim, Graham Sunderland (Southern General Hospital), Laura, Gould, Alice Chambers (Southmead Hospital), C Munipalle, P, Rooney, H, D R, L Browning (Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust), Bernadette, Pereira, Kristof Nemeth (St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust), Emily, Decker, Stefano, Giuliani, George's Healthcare NHS Trust And University), Aly Shalaby (St., Shafaque, Shaikh, Chern Yan Tan, James's University Hospital), Ebrahim Y A Palkhi (St., Aleksandra, Szczap, Swathikan, Chidambaram, Chee Yang Chen, Kavian, Kulasabanathan, Srishti Chhabra (St Mary's Hospital), Elisabeth, Kostov, Philippe, Harbord, Mary's Hospital), James Barnacle (St., Madan Mohan Palliyil, Mina, Zikry, Johnathan, Porter, Charef, Raslan, Shazia, Hafiz, Niksa, Soltani, Katie Baillie (Stockport NHS Foundation Trust), Priyanka, Singh, Shailee, Sheth, Kishen, Patel, Mahry, Khalili, Jeesoo, Choi, Matthew Benger (St Thomas' Hospital), Lucy, Marples, Alastair, Macfarlane, Thomas Hospital), Ramesh Thurairaja (St., Tamsin, Boyce, Harriet, Whewell, Elin Jones (The Royal Gwent Hospital), Francesca, Th'Ng, Nichola Robertson (The Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Ahmad, Mirza, Haroon, Saeed, Simon Galloway (The University Hospital Of South Manchester), Gia, Elena, Mohammad, Afzal, Mohamed Zakir (United Lincolnshire Hospitals, - Pilgrim Hospital), Peter, Sodde, Charles, Hand, Aiesha, Sriram, Tamsyn, Clark, Patrick, Holton, Amy Livesey (University Hospital Coventry And Warwickshire), Yashashwi, Sinha, Fahad Mujtaba Iqbal, Indervir Singh Bharj (University Hospital Of North Midlands), Adriana, Rotundo, Cara, Jenvey, Robert Slade (University Hospital Of North Staffordshire NHS Trust), David, Golding, Samuel, Haines, Ali Adel Ne'ma Abdullah, Thomas, W Tilston, Dafydd, Loughran, Danielle, Donoghue, Lorenzo, Giacci, Mohamed Ashur Sherif, Peter, Harrison, Alethea Tang (University Hospital Of Wales), Deevia Kotecha (University Hospitals Leicester, - Leicester Royal Infirmary), Mohamed, Elshaer, Tomas, Urbonas, Amjid, Riaz, Annie, Chapman, Parisha, Acharya, Joseph Shalhoub (Watford General Hospital), Cathleen, Grossart, David McMorran (Western General Hospital), Makhosini, Mlotshwa, William, Hawkins, Sofronis Loizides (Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust), Kandaswamy, Krishna, Melanie, Orchard, Chik Wai Ho (Weston General Hospital), Peter, Thomson, Shahab, Khan, Fiona, Taylor, Jalak, Shukla, Emma Elizabeth Howie (Whipps Cross University Hospital), Linda, Macdonald, Olusegun, Komolafe, Neil Mcintyre (Wishaw General Hospital), James, Cragg, Jody, Parker, Duncan Stewart (Wrexham Maelor Hospital), Luke, Lintin, Julia, Tracy, United States: George Molina, Tahir Farooq (Yeovil District Hospital)., Haytham, Kaafarani, Laura Luque (Massachusetts General Hospital), Robel, Beyene, Jack, Sava, Mark Scott (Medstar Washington Hospital Center), Mamta, Swaroop, Raelene Kennedy (Northwestern Memorial Hospital), Ijeoma, A Azodo, Daithi, Heffernan, Tristen, Chun, Andrew Stephen (The Rhode Island Hospital), Melanie, Sion, Weinstein, Michael S., Viren Punja (Thomas Jefferson University Hospital), Nikolay, Bugaev, Monica, Goodstein, Shadi Razmdjou (Tufts Medical Center), Eric, Etchill, Juan Carlos Puyana, Matthew Kesinger (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, - Presbyterian Hospital), Lena, Napolitano, Kathleen, To, Zambia: Oliver Todd, Mark Hemmila (University Of Michigan)., Edward, Jenner, Local collaborators (GlobalSurg-2) Albania: Besmir Grizhja, Ellen Hoogakker (St Francis Hospital)., Shpetim, Ymeri, Gezim Galiqi (Spitali Rajonal Shkoder), Argentina: Roberto Klappenbach, Diego, Antezana, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza Beleño, Cecilia, Costa, Belen, Sanchez, Susan Aviles (Hospital Zonal General De Agudos Simplemente Evita), Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Rubén, Balmaceda, Santiago, Villalobos, Lagomaggiore, Juan Manuel Carmona (Hospital Luis C., Mendoza), Australia: Daniel Hamill, Peter, Deutschmann, Simone, Sandler, Daniel Cox (Alice Springs Hospital), Ram, Nataraja, Claire, Sharpin, Damir Ljuhar (Monash Medical Center), Demi Gray, Morgan Haines (Port Macquarie Base Hospital), Dush, Iyer, Nithya, Niranjan, Scott D'Amours (Liverpool Hospital), Morvarid, Ashtari, Bangladesh: Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Helena Franco (Gold Coast University Hospital)., Sabbir Karim (Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital), Nowrin F. Aman, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee (Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College &amp, Umme, Salma, Joyeta, Razzaque, Tasnia Hamid Kanta (Dhaka Medical College And Hospital), Sayeeda Aktar Tori, Shadid, Alamin, Swapnil, Roy, Shadid Al Amin, Rezaul Karim (Armed Forces Medical College), Muhtarima, Haque, Amreen, Faruq, Farhana Iftekhar (Birdem Bangladesh Institute Of Research And Rehabilitation In Diabetes Endocrine And Metabolic Disorder General Hospital), Barbados: Margaret O'Shea, Greg, Padmore, Belarus: Andrey Litvin, Ramesh Jonnalagadda (Queen Elizabeth Hospital)., Aliaksandr, Filatau, Dzmitry, Paulouski, Maryna, Shubianok, Tatsiana Shachykava (Gomel Regional Clinical Hospital), Dzianis, Khokha, Vladimir Khokha (City Hospital) Benin: Fernande Djivoh, Francis Dossou (Centre National Hospitalier Et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga), Djifid Morel Seto, Dansou Gaspard Gbessi, Bruno, Noukpozounkou, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou (Centre National Hospitalier Et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga), Kpèmahouton René Keke, Fred Hodonou (Clinique Vignon), Ernest Yemalin Stephane Ahounou, Thierry Alihonou (Hopital El Fateh), Max, Dénakpo, Burundi: Carlos Nsengiyumva, Germain Ahlonsou (Hospital Saint Luc). Botswana: Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada (Princess Marina Hospital)., Sandrine, Kwizera, Cambodia: Philip Choi, Venerand Barendegere (Hopital Militaire De Kamenge)., Simon Stock (World Mate Emergency Hospital) Canada: Luai Jamal, China: Tzu-Ling Chen, Arnav Agarwal (The Hospital For Sick Children)., Colombia: Irene Montes, Chingwan Yip (Fudan University Affiliated Huashan Hospital)., Felipe, Zapata, Sebastian Sierra (Clinica CES), Maria Isabel Villegas Lanau, Ivan Mendoza Restrepo (Clinica Las Vegas), Ruben Santiago Restrepo Giraldo, Croatia: Edgar Domini, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango (Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación)., Robert, Karlo, Egypt: Mohamed Youssef, Jakov Mihanovic (Zadar General Hospital)., Waleed, Thabet, Aly, Sanad, Ahmed, Zaki, Noran, Abdel-Hameed, Mohamed, Mostafa, Muhammad Fathi Waleed Omar, Ahmed, Ghanem, Adel, Denewar, Eman, Emara, Eman, Rashad, Ahmad, Sakr, Rehab, Elashry, Sameh Emile (Mansoura University Hospital), Toqa, Khafagy, Sara, Elhamouly, Arwa, Elfarargy, Amna Mamdouh Mohamed, Ghada Saied Nagy, Abeer, Esam, Eman, Elwy, Aya, Hammad, Salwa, Khallaf, Eman, Ibrahim, Ahmed, Saidbadr, Ahmed, Moustafa, Amany Eldosouky Mohammed, Mohammed, Elgheriany, Eman, Abdelmageed, Eman Abd Al Raouf, Esraa Samir Elbanby, Maha, Elmasry, Mahitab Morsy Farahat, Eman Yahya Mansor, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Esraa, Gamal, Heba, Gamal, Hend, Kandil, Doaa Maher Abdelrouf, Mohamed Moaty (Menofiya University Hospital), Dina, Gamal, Nada, El-Sagheer, Mohamed, Salah, Salma, Magdy, Asmaa, Salah, Ahmed, Essam, Ahmed, Ali, Mahmoud, Badawy, Sara Ahmed (Beni Suef University Hospital), Mazed, Mohamed, Abdelrahman, Assal, Mohamed, Sleem, Mai, Ebidy, Aly Abd Elrazek, Diaaaldin, Zahran, Nourhan, Adam, Mohamed, Nazir, Adel, B Hassanein, Ahmed, Ismail, Amira, Elsawy, Rana, Mamdouh, Mohamed, Mabrouk, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Hassab Alnaby, Eman, Magdy, Manar, Abd-Elmawla, Marwan, Fahim, Bassant, Mowafy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Meran, Allam, Muhammad, Alkelani, Noran Halim El Gendy, Mariam Saad Aboul-Naga, Reham Alaa El-Din, Alyaa Halim Elgendy, Mohamed, Ismail, Mahmoud, Shalaby, Aya Adel Elsharkawy, Mahmoud Elsayed Moghazy, Khaled Hesham Elbisomy, Hend Adel Gawad Shakshouk, Mohamed Fouad Hamed, Mai Mohamed Ebidy, Mohamed Karkeet (Alexandria Main UniversIty Hospital), Hayam, Ahmed, Israa, Adel, Mohammad Elsayed Omar, Mohamed, Ibrahim, Omar, Ghoneim, Omar, Hesham, Shimaa, Gamal, Karim, Hilal, Omar, Arafa, Sawsan Adel Awad, Menatalla, Salem, Fawzia Abdellatif Elsherif, Nourhan, Elsabbagh, Aboelsoud, Moustafa R., Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Amr, Hossameldin, Ethar, Hany, Yomna Hosny Asar, Nourhan, Anwar, Mohamed, Gadelkarim, Samar, Abdelhady, Eman Mohamed Morshedy, Reham, Saad, Nourhan, Soliman, Mahmoud Salama (Alexandria Medical Research Institute), Eslam, Ezzat, Arwa, Mohamed, Arwa, Ibrahim, Alaa, Fergany, Sara, Mohammed, Aya, Reda, Yomna, Allam, Hanan Adel Saad, Afnan, Abdelfatah, Aya Mohamed Fathy, Ahmed, El-Sehily, Esraa Abdalmageed Kasem, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset Hassan, Ahmed Rabeih Mohammed, Abdalla Gamal Saad, Arij, Ibrahim, Amr, Hassaan, Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed, Ghada, Elhoseny, Mohamed, Magdy, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia, Zakaria, Tarek, Ezzat, Ali Abo El Dahab, Mohamed, Kelany, Sara, Arafa, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien, Ahmed, Kholoud, Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah (Faculty Of Medicine, Zagazig, University), Muhammad Amsyar Auni Lokman, Suraya, Bahar, Anan Rady Abdelazeam, Abdelrahman, Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah, Zulkifli, Siti Nur Alia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz, Elhendawy, Aliang, Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul, Shaharuddin, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul Majid, Dina, Al-Marakby, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan Mohd Basir, Citra Dewi Mohd Ali, Aya Yehia Ata (Faculty Of Medicine, Tanta, University), Maha, Nasr, Asmaa, Rezq, Ahmed, Sheta, Sherif, Tariq, Abd Elkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman KZ Darwish, Sohaila, Elmihy, Shady, Elhadry, Ahmed, Farag, Haidar, Hajeh, Abdelaziz, Abdelaal, Amro, Aglan, Ahmed, Zohair, Mahitab, Essam, Omar, Moussa, Esraa, El-Gizawy, Mostafa, Samy, Safia, Ali, Esraa, Elhalawany, Ahmed, Ata, Mohamed El Halawany, Mohamed, Nashat, Samar, Soliman, Alaa, Elazab, Mostada Samy (El-Menshawy General Hospital), Mohamed, A Abdelaziz, Khaled, Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed Ibrahim, Ammar, Gado, Usama Hantour (Al-Hussein Hospital), Esraa Alm Eldeen, Mohamed Reda loaloa, Arwa, Abouzaid, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa Eldin, Eman, Hashad, Fathy, Sroor, Doaa, Gamil, Eman Mahmoud Abdulhakeem, Mahmoud, Zakaria, Fawzy, Mohamed, Marwan, Abubakr, Elsayed, Ali, Hesham, Magdy, Menna Tallah Ramadan, Mohamed Abdelaty Mohamed, Salma, Mansour, Hager Abdul Aziz Amin, Ahmed Rabie Mohamed, Mahmoud, Saami, Nada Ahmed Reda Elsayed, Adham, Tarek, Sabry Mohy Eldeen Mahmoud, Islam Magdy El Sayed, Amira, Reda, Martina Yusuf Shawky, Mohammed Mousa Salem, Shahinaz Alaa El-Din, Noha Abdullah Soliman, Muhammed, Talaat, Shahinaz, Alaael-Dein, Ahmed Abd Elmoen Elhusseiny, Noha, Abdullah, Mohammed, Elshaar, Aya AbdelFatah Ibraheem, Hager, Abdulaziz, Mohammed Kamal Ismail, Mona Hamdy Madkor, Mohamed, Abdelaty, Sara Mahmoud Abdel-Kader, Osama Mohamed Salah (Benha Faculty Of Medicine), Mahmoud, Eldafrawy, Ahmed Zaki Eldeeb, Mostafa Mahmoud Eid (October, 6 University Hospital), Attia, Attia, Ayman Shwky (Bab El-Shareia University Hospital), Mohamed Adel Badenjki, Abdelrahman, Soliman, Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar (The Memorial Soaad Kafafi University Hospital), Farrag, Sayed, Fahd Abdel Sabour, Azizeldine, Mohammed G., Muhammad, Shawqi, Abdullah, Hashim, Ahmed, Aamer, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelraouf, Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Amal, Ibrahim, Basma, Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali Mahmoud, Mostafa, Qenawy, Rashed, Ahmed M., Ahmed, Dahy, Marwa, Sayed, Shamsedine, Ahmed W., Bakeer, Mohamed, Ahmad, Hasan, Saad, Mahmoud M., Khalil Abdul Bassit (Assiut University Hospital), Nadia Khalid Abd El-Latif, Nada, Elzahed, Ahmed El Kashash, Nada Mohamed Bekhet, Sarah, Hafez, Ahmed, Gad, Mahmoud Elkhadragy Maher, Ahmed Abd Elsameea, Mohamed, Hafez, Ahmad, Sabe, Ataa, Ahmed, Ahmed, Shahine, Khaled, Dawood, Shireen, Gaafar, Reem, Husseiny, Omnia, Aboelmagd, Ahmed, Soliman, Nourhan, Mesbah, Hossam, Emadeldin, Amgad Al Meligy, Amira Hassan Bekhet, Doaa, Hasan, Khaled, Alhady, Ahmad Khaled Sabe, Elnajjar, Mahmoud A., Majed, Aboelella, Ward, Hamsho, Ihab, Hassan, Hala, Saad, Galaleldin, Abdelazim, Hend, Mahmoud, Noha, Wael, Ahmedali, M Kandil, Ahmed, Magdy, Shimaa Said Elkholy, Badr Eldin Adel, Kareem, Dabbour, Saged, Elsherbiney, Omar, Mattar, Abdulshafi Khaled Abdrabou, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed Aly, Abdelrahman, Geuoshy, Ahmedglal, Elnagar, Saraibrahim, Ahmed, Ibrahem, Abdelmotaleb, Amr Ahmed Saleh, Manar, Saeed, Shady, Mahmoud, Badreldin Adel Tawfik, Samar Adel Ismail, Esraay, Zakaria, Gad‏, Mariam O., Mohamed Salah Elhelbawy, Monica, Bassem, Noha, Maraie, Nourhan Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan, Semeda, Shaza Rabie Mohamed, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, AA Essam (Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty Of Medicine, Cairo, University), Dina, Tarek, Khlood, Ashour, Alaa, Elhadad, Abdulrahman, Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim, Rakha, Sara Mamdouh Matter, Rasha, Abdelhamed, Omar, Abdelkader, Ayat, Hassaan, Yasmin, Soliman, Amna, Mohamed, Sara Amr Mohamed Farouk, Eman Mohamed Ibrahim, Esraa El-Taher (Faculty Of Medicine Seuz Canal University), Merna, Mostafa, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous Badr, Rofida, Elsemelawy, Aya, El-Sawy, Ahmad, Bakr, Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati (Smouha University Hospital), Estonia: Sten Saar, Arvo, Reinsoo, Peep Talving (The North Estonia Medical Centre), Ethiopia: Nebyou Seyoum, Tewodros, Worku, Agazi Fitsum (Addis Ababa University, College Of Health Sciences, School Of Medicine), Finland: Matti Tolonen, Ville Sallinen (Helsinki University Hospital), France: Benoît Parmentier, Matthieu, Peycelon, Sabine Irtan (Trousseau Hospital, APHP), Sabrina Dardenne, Elsa Robert (GHICL), Betty, Maillot, Etienne, Courboin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud, Juliette Hascoet (CHU Rennes), Amir Ait Kaci, Thomas Prudhomme (CHU Toulouse), Quentin, Ballouhey, Céline, Grosos, Laurent Fourcade (CHU Limoges), Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean-Francois, Francois-Coridon Helene (CHU Martinique), Xavier Delforge, Elodie Haraux (CHU Amiens Picardie), Bertrand, Dousset, Roberto, Schiavone, Sebastien Gaujoux (Cochin, - APHP), Jean-Baptiste, Marret, Aurore, Haffreingue, Julien Rod (CHU Caen), Mariette Renaux-Petel (CHU Rouen), Jean-François, Lecompte, Jean, Bréaud, Pauline Gastaldi (CHU Lenval Nice), Chouikh, Taieb, Raquillet, Claire, Echaieb Anis (Hopital Robert Ballanger, Paris), Nasir, Bustangi, Manuel, Lopez, Aurelien Scalabre (CHU De Saint Etienne), Maria Giovanna Grella (CHU Poitiers), Aurora, Mariani, Guillaume, Podevin, Françoise Schmitt (CHU Angers), Aline, Broch, Cecile Muller (Hopital Necker Enfants Malades, Ghana: Stephen Tabiri, APHP)., Dickson, Bandoh, Francis, Abantanga, Martin, Kyereh, Hamza, Asumah, Eric Kofi Appiah, Paul Wondoh (Tamale Teaching Hospital), Adam, Gyedu, Charles, Dally, Kwabena, Agbedinu, Michael, Amoah, Abiboye Yifieyeh (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology/Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital), Particks Hospital), Frank Owusu (St., Mabel, Amoako-Boateng, Makafui, Dayie, Richmond, Hagan, Sam Debrah (Cape Coast Teaching Hosital), Micheal, Ohene-Yeboah, Joe-Nat, Clegg-Lampety, Victor, Etwire, Jonathan, Dakubo, Samuel, Essoun, William, Bonney, Hope, Glover-Addy, Samuel, Osei-Nketiah, Joachim, Amoako, Niiarmah, Adu-Aryee, William, Appeadu-Mensah, Antoinette, Bediako-Bowan, Florence Dedey (Korle Bu Teaching Hospital), Mattew, Ekow, Emmanuel, Akatibo, Musah Yakubu (Baptist Medical Center, Nalerigu), Hope Edem Kofi Kordorwu, Kwasi, Asare-Bediako, Enoch Tackie (Keta Hospital District Hospital, Keta), Kenneth, Aaniana, Emmanuel, Acquah, Richard, Opoku-Agyeman, Anthony, Avoka, Kwasi, Kusi, Kwame Maison (Techiman Holy Family Hospital), Frank Enoch Gyamfi (Berekum Holy Family Hospital), Gandau Naa Barnabas, Saiba Abdul-Latif (Upper West Regional Hospital), Philip Taah Amoako (Samapa Government Hospital), Anthony Davor, Victor Dassah (Upper East Regional Hospital), Mary's Hospital), Enoch Dagoe (St., Prince Kwakyeafriyie (Essumejaman Sda Hospital, Dominase), Elliot, Akoto, Eric, Ackom, Ekow Mensah (Dormaa Presbyterian Hospital), Ebenezer Takyi Atkins, Christian Lari Coompson (Brongho-Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani) Greece: Nikolaos Ivros, Christoforos, Ferousis, Vasileios, Kalles, Christos, Agalianos, Ioannis, Kyriazanos, Christos, Barkolias, Angelos, Tselos, Georgios, Tzikos, Evangelos Voulgaris (Naval And Veterans Hospital), Dimitrios, Lytras, Athanasia, Bamicha, Kyriakos Psarianos (Achillopoyleio General Hospital Of Volos), Anastasios Stefanopoulos (General Hospital Of Nafplio, Department Of Surgery), Ioannis, Patoulias, Dimitrios, Sfougaris, Gennimatas Hospital), Ioannis Valioulis (G., Dimitrios, Balalis, Dimitrios, Korkolis, Dimitrios, K Manatakis (Saint Savvas Cancer Hospital), Georgios, Kyrou, Georgios, Karabelias, Iason-Antonios Papaskarlatos (General And Oncological Hospital Of Kifissia-Athens), Kolonia, Konstantina, Nikolaos, Zampitis, Stylianos Germanos (General Hospital Of Larissa), Aspasia, Papailia, Theodosios, Theodosopoulos, Georgios Gkiokas (2nd Dept Of Surgery, Aretaieion, Hospital, National, &amp, Kapodistrian University Of Athens School Of Medicine), Magdalini, Mitroudi, Christina, Panteli, Thomas, Feidantsis, Gennimatas General Hospital), Konstantinos Farmakis (G., Dimitrios, Kyziridis, Orestis, Ioannidis, Styliani Parpoudi (4th Surgical Department, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki, General, Hospital, Papanikolaou), Georgios Gemenetzis, Stavros Parasyris (Attikon University Hospital), Michail Margaritis (Serres General Hospital), Guatemala: Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Otto, Coyoy-Gaitan, Javier Rosales (Hospital General San Juan De Dios), Luis, Tale, Emmanuel Barrios (Juan Josè Arevalo Bermejo), Servio Tulio Torres Rodriguez, Carlos Paz Galvez, Danilo Herrera Cruz (Hospital San Vicente), Guillermo Sanchez Rosenberg, Alejandro, Matheu, David Monterroso Cohen (Hospital Herrera Llerandi), Haiti: Marie Paul, Angeline Charles (Hopital Universitaire De Mirebalais), Hong Kong SAR, China: Justin Chak Yiu Lam, Man Hon Andrew Yeung, Chi Ying Jacquelyn Fok, Ka Hin Gabriel Li, Anthony Chuk-Him Lai, Yuk Hong Eric Cheung, Hong Yee Wong, Ka Wai Leung, Tien Seng Bryan Lee, Wai Him Lam, Weihei, Dao, Stephanie Hiu-wai Kwok, Tsz-Yan Katie Chan, Yung Kok Ng, TWC Mak (Prince Of Wales Hospital), Qinyang, Liu, Chi Chung Foo, James Yang (University Of Hong Kong), India: Basant Kumar, Ankur, Bhatnagar, Vijaid Upadhyaya (Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute Of Medical Sciences), Sunil Kumar (Excelcare Hospital), Uday, Muddebihal, Wasim, Dar, KC Janardha (Manipal Hospital), Philip Alexander, Neerav Aruldas (Lady Willingdon Hospital), Indonesia: Fidelis Jacklyn Adella, Anthonius Santoso Rulie, Ferdy, Iskandar, Jonny Setiawan (Atma Jaya Hospital), Cicilia Viany Evajelista, Hani, Natalie, Oen Surakarta Hospital), Arlindawati Suyadi (Dr., Rudy, Gunawan, Herlin, Karismaningtyas, Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih Mata, Ferry Fitriya Ayu Andika, Afifatun, Hasanah, T Ariani Widiastini, Nurlaila Ayu Purwaningsih, Annisa Dewi Fitriana Mukin, Dina Faizatur Rahmah, Hazmi Dwinanda Nurqistan, Hasbi Maulana Arsyad, Novia Adhitama (Rsd Dr Soebandi), Wifanto Saditya Jeo, Nathania, Sutandi, Audrey, Clarissa, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Matthew, Billy, Andreass, Haloho, Nadya, Johanna, Felix Lee (Rsupn Cipto Mangunkusumo), Ireland: Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin Dorani, Martha, Glynn, Mohammad, Alherz, Wennweoi, Goh, Shiwani, Haaris A., Lorraine, Sproule, Conlon (Tallaght Hospital, Kevin C., Trinity College Dublin) Israel: Miklosh Bala, Asaf Kedar (Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center), Italy: Luca Turati, Federica, Bianco, Francesca Steccanella (Treviglio Hospital), Gaetano, Gallo, Mario, Trompetto, Giuseppe Clerico (Department of Colorectal Surgery, Rita Clinic, S., Vercelli), Matteo, Papandrea, Giuseppe, Sammarco, Rosario Sacco (Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Universitario Mater Domini Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro), Luisa Giavarini (Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Luigi, Bucci, Gianluca, Pagano, Viviana, Sollazzo, Roberto, Peltrini, Gaetano Luglio (Federico II University Of Naples), Arianna, Birindelli, Gregorio Tugnoli (Maggiore Hospital), Pietro, Mingrone, Domenica Pata (Nicola Giannettasio Hospital, Rossano), Francesco, Selvaggi, Lucio, Selvaggi, Gianluca, Pellino, Natale Di Martino (Universitá della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples), Gianluca, Curletti, Paolo, Aonzo, Raffaele Galleano (Ospedale Santa Corona, Pietra Ligure (SV)), Stefano, Berti, Elisa, Francone, Andrea Hospital, Silvia Boni (S., Poll-Asl, 5, Spezia), La, Lorenzon, Laura, Annalisa lo Conte, Genoveffa Balducci (Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome), Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti (Azienda Ospedaliera Alessandro Manzoni), Laura, Gavagna, Giorgio, Vasquez, Simone, Targa, Savino, Occhionorelli, Dario Andreotti (Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Ferrara), Andrea, Armellini, Spedali Civili Di Brescia), Deborah Chiesa (A. O., Fabrizio, Aquilino, Nicola, Chetta, Arcangelo Picciariello (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico Di Bari), Mohamed, Abdelkhalek, Andrea, Belli, Silvia De Franciscis (Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione, Pascale-, I. R. C. C. S. )., Annamaria, Bigaran, Alessandro, Favero, 5 Friuli Occidentale), Stefano M. M Basso (Azienda Per L'assistenza Sanitaria N., Paola, Salusso, Martina, Perino, Sylvie, Mochet, Diego, Sasia, Francesco, Riente, Marco Migliore (Azienda Sanitaria Ospedaliera San Luigi Gonzaga), David, Merlini, Silvia, Basilicò, Carlo Corbellini (Ospedale Di Rho, - ASST Rhodense), Veronica, Lazzari, Luigi Bonavina (IRCCS Policlinico, University of Milano, San, Donato), Daniele, Angelieri, Diego, Coletta, Federica, Falaschi, Marco, Catani, Claudia, Reali, Mariastella, Malavenda, Celeste Del Basso, Sergio, Ribaldi, Massimo, Coletti, Andrea, Natili, Norma, Depalma, Immacolata, Iannone, Angelo, Antoniozzi, Davide Rossi (Policlinico Umberto, I Emergency Surgery Department), Daniele, Gui, Gerardo, Perrotta, Matteo, Ripa, Francesco Ruben Giardino, Maurizio Foco (Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli), Erika, Vicario, Gabriela Elisa Nita (AO Papa Giovanni XXIII), Nicoletta, Leone, Anna Maffioli (Ospedale Sacco), Andrea, Simioni, Davide De Boni, Sandro Pasquali (IOV, - Istituto Oncologico Veneto), Elena, Goldin, Elena, Vendramin, Eleonora Ciccioli (Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova), Umberto, Tedeschi, Paola, Violi, Tommaso, Campagnaro, Simone, Conci, Giovanni, Lazzari, Calogero, Iacono, Alfredo, Gulielmi, Serena Manfreda (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona), Anna, Rinaldi, Maria Novella Ringressi, Beatrice Brunoni (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi), Giuseppe, Salamone, Mirko, Mangiapane, Paolino De Marco, Antonella La Brocca, Roberta, Tutino, Vania, Silvestri, Leo, Licari, Tommaso, Fontana, Nicolò, Falco, Gianfranco Cocorullo (Policlinico Paolo Giaccone di Palermo), Mostafa, Shalaby, Pierpaolo, Sileri, Claudio Arcudi (Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome) Jordan: Isam Bsisu, Khaled, Aljboor, Lana, Abusalem, Aseel, Alnusairat, Ahmad, Qaissieh, Emad, Al-Dakka, Ali, Ababneh, Oday Halhouli (Jordan University Hospital), Kenya: Taha Yusufali, Hussein Mohammed (Kenyatta National Hospital), Justus, Lando, Robert, Parker, Wairimu Ndegwa (Tenwek Hospital), Lithuania: Mantas Jokubauskas, Jolanta, Gribauskaite, Donatas Venskutonis (Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences), Justas, Kuliavas, Audrius, Dulskas, Samalavicius (Klaipeda University Hospital, Narimantas E., National Cancer Institute), Kristijonas, Jasaitis, Audrius, Parseliunas, Viktorija, Nevieraite, Evelina, Slapelyte, Edvinas, Dainius, Zilvinas, Dambrauskas, Andrejus, Subocius, Linas, Venclauskas, Antanas, Gulbinas, Simona, Kasputyte, Deimante, Mikuckyte, Mindaugas, Kiudelis, Tomas, Jankus, Steponas Petrikenas (Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Matas, Pažuskis, Zigmantas, Urniežius, Mantas Vilčinskas (Republican Hospital of Kaunas), Vincas Jonas Banaitis, Vytautas, Gaižauskas, Edvard, Grisin, Povilas, Mazrimas, Mantas, Drungilas, Karolis, Lagunavicius, Vytautas, Lipnickas, Dovilè, Majauskyté, Tomas, Abaliksta, Laimonas, Uščinas, Gintaras, Simutis, Adomas, Ladukas, Donatas, Danys, Erikas, Laugzemys, Elena Zdanyte Sruogiene (Vilnius University Hospital), Petras, Višinskas, Reda, Žilinskienė, Deividas Dragatas (Hospital Of Jonava), Andrius Burmistrovas, Zygimantas Tverskis (Taurage Hospital), Arturas, Vaicius, Ruta, Mazelyte, Antanas Zadoroznas (Viesoji Istaiga Rokiskio Rajono Ligonine), Nerijus Kaselis, Greta Žiubrytė (Republican Hospital Of Klaipeda), Madagascar: Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence Rahantasoa, Luc Hervé Samison, Fanjandrainy, Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina Tolotra (Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Hospital), Malawi: Cornelius Mukuzunga, Vanessa, Msosa, Chimwemwe, Kwatiwani, Nelson Msiska (Kamuzu Central Hospital), Malaysia: Feng Yih Chai, Siti Mohd Desa Asilah, Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah (Hospital Keningau), Pui Xin Chin, Nur Zulaika Riswan (Kajang Hospital), Hoong-Yin, Chong, Nora Abdul Aziz, Keat-Seong, Poh, Chu-Ann, Chai, Sandip Kumar (University Malaya Medical Centre), Mustafa Mohammed Taher, Dayang Nita Abdul Aziz, Reynu Rajan (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre UKMMC), Rokayah, Julaihi, Durvesh Lacthman Jethwani, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Yahaya, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah, Susan Wndy Mathew, Kuet Jun Chung, Milaksh Kumar Nirumal, Goh Ern Tze, R., Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali (Sarawak General Hospital), Yiing Yee Gan, Jesse Ron Swire Ting (Hospital Sibu), Sii, Samuel S. Y., Kean Leong Koay, Yi Koon Tan, Alvin Ee Zhiun Cheah, Chui Yee Wong, Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Crystal Yern Nee Chow, Har, Prisca A. L., Yishan Der (Hospital Sultanah Aminah), Yong Yong Tew, Fitjerald, Henry, Xinwei Low (Selayang Hospital), Ya Theng Neo, Hian Ee Heng, Shu Ning Kong, Cheewei, Gan, Yi Ting Mok, Yee Wen Tan, Kandasami, Palayan, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Yih Jeng Cheong (Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar), Kuhaendran, Gunaseelan, Wan Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Pigeneswaren Yoganathan (Hospital Keningau), Eu Xian Lee, Jian Er Saw, Li Jing Yeang, Pei Ying Koh, Shyang Yee Lim, Shuang Yi Teo (Hospital Pulau Pinang, / Penang Medical College), Malta: Nicole Grech, Daniela, Magri, Kristina, Cassar, Christine, Mizzi, Malcolm, Falzon, Nihaal, Shaikh, Ruth, Scicluna, Stefan, Zammit, Sean, Mizzi, Svetlana Doris Brincat, Thelma, Tembo, Vu Thanh Hien Le, Tara, Grima, Keith, Sammut, Kurt, Carabott, Ciskje, Zarb, Andre, Navarro, Thea, Dimech, Georgette Marie Camilleri, Isaac, Bertuello, Jeffrey, Dalli, Karl Bonavia (Mater Dei Hospital), Mexico: Samantha Corro-Diaz, Marisol, Manriquez-Reyes, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina (Hospital Español de Veracruz), Morocco: Amina Abdelhamid, Abdelmalek, Hrora, Sarah, Benammi, Houda, Bachri, Meryem, Abbouch, Khaoula, Boukhal, Redouane Mammar Bennai, Abdelkader, Belkouchi, Mohamed Sobhi Jabal, Chaymae Benyaiche (IBN Sina Hospital) Netherlands: Maarten Vermaas, Lucia Duinhouwer (Ijsselland Hospital) Nicaragua: Javier Pastora, Greta, Wood, Maria Soledad Merlo (Hospital Escuela Oscar Danilo Rosales Arguello), Nigeria: Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji, Ayandipo, Taiwo, Lawal, Abdussemiu Abdurrazzaaq (University College Hospital, Ibadan), Muslimat, Alada, Abdulrasheed, Nasir, James, Adeniran, Olufemi, Habeeb, Ademola Adeyeye (University Of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin), Ademola, Adebanjo, Adewale Adeniyi (Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, ), Henry, Mendel, Bashir, Bello, Umar Muktar (Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital), Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Oyindamola, Oshati, George, Ihediwa, Babajide, Adenekan, Victor, Nwinee, Abdulrazzaq, Lawal, Chris, Bode, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi (Lagos University Teaching Hospital), Oluwatomi, Odutola, Oluwaseyi, Adebola, Clement, Onuoha, Fatai, Balogun, Olalekan, Ajai, Iloba, Njokanma, Roland Osuoji (Lagos State University Teaching Hospital), Stephen, Kache, Jonathan, Ajah, Jerry Makama (Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna State University, Kaduna), Ahmed, Adamu, Suleiman, Baba, Mohammad, Aliyu, Shamsudeen, Aliyu, Yahaya, Ukwenya, Halima, Aliyu, Tunde, Sholadoye, Muhammad, Daniyan, Oluseyi Ogunsua (Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria), Abdurrahaman, Sheshe, Aminu Mohammad (Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital), Samson, Olori, Philip, Mshelbwala, Garba, Samson, Oyediran Kehinde Timothy, Sani Ali Samuel (University Of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Anthony, Ajiboye, Isaac, Amole, Olajide, Abiola, Akin Olaolorun (Bowen University Teaching Hospital), Norway: Kjetil Søreide, Torhild, Veen, Arezo, Kanani, Kristian, Styles, Ragnar, Herikstad, Johannes Wiik Larsen, Jon Arne Søreide (Stavanger University Hospital), Elisabeth, Jensen, Mads, Gran, Eirik Kjus Aahlin (University Hospital Of Northern Norway), Tina, Gaarder, Peter Wiel Monrad-Hansen, Pål Aksel Næss (Oslo University Hospital), Giedrius, Lauzikas, Joachim, Wiborg, Silje Holte (Sykehuset Telemark HF), Knut Magne Augestad, Gurpreet Singh Banipal, Thomas Tetens Moe, Johannes Kurt Schultz (Akershus University Hospital), Palestine: Taher Al-taher, Ayah, Hamdan, Ayman, Salman, Rana, Saadeh, Aseel, Musleh, Dana, Jaradat, Soha, Abushamleh, Sakhaa, Hanoun, Amjad Abu Qumbos, Aseel, Hamarshi, Ayman And Taher (Al Makassed Islamic Charitable Society Hospital, Jerusalem), Israa, Qawasmi, Khalid, Qurie, Marwa, Altarayra, Mohammad, Ghannam, Alaa, Shaheen, Azher Herebat (Alia Governmental Hospital), Aram, Abdelhaq, Ahmad, Shalabi, Maram, Abu-toyour, Fatema, Asi, Ala, Shamasneh, Anwar, Atiyeh, Mousa, Mustafa, Rula, Zaa'Treh, Majd Dabboor (Palestine Medical Complex), Enas, Alaloul, Heba, Baraka, Jehad, Meqbil, Alaa, Al-Buhaisi, Mohamedraed, Elshami, Samah, Afana, Sahar, Jaber, Said, Alyacoubi, Yousef Abuowda (Islamic University of Gaza Medical School, European Gaza Hospital &amp, Shifa, Hospital), Tasneem Idress, Eman Abuqwaider (Mizan hospital), Sara, Al-saqqa, Alaa, Bowabsak, Alaa El Jamassi, Doaa, Hasanain, Hadeel, Al-farram, Maram, Salah, Aya, Firwana, Marwa, Hamdan, Israa Awad (Al-Shifa Hospital), Ahmad Ashour, Fayez Elian Al Barrawi (Bit Hanoun Hospital), Ahmed, Al-khatib, Maha, Al-faqawi, Mohamed Fares (Nasser Hospital), Amjad, Elmashala, Mohammad, Adawi, Ihdaa Adawi (Beit Jala Governmental Hospital), Reem, Khreishi, Rose Khreishi (Martyr Thabet Govermental hospital, Tulkarem), Ahmad, Ashour, Ahed Ghaben (Indonesian Hospital, Gaza) Pakistan: Najwa Nadeem, Muhammad Saqlain (Allied Hospital, Faisalabad), Jibran, Abbasy, Abdul Rehman Alvi, Tanzeela, Gala, Noman Shahzad (Aga Khan University), Kamran Faisal Bhopal, Muhammad Talha Butt, Syed Asaat ul Razi, Asdaq, Ahmed, Ali Khan Niazi (Bahawal Victoria Hospital), Ibrahim, Raza, Fatima, Baluch, Ahmed, Raza, Ahmad, Bani-Sadar, Muhammad, Adil, Awais Raza (King Edward Medical University, Mayo, Hospital, Lahore), Mahnoor, Javaid, Muhammad, Waqar, Maryam Ali Khan (CMH Lahore Medical And Dental College), Mohammad Mohsin Arshad, Mohammadasim Amjad (Nishtar Medical College And Hospital), Paraguay: Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Jorge Torres Cardozo, Marcelo O´Higgins Roche, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen Servin, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Larissa Ines Páez Lopez, Ramón Augusto Melo Cardozo (Hospital de Clínicas, II Cátedra de Clínica Quirúrgica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción) Peru: Fernando Espinoza, Angel David Pérez Rojas, Diana, Sanchez, Camila Sanchez Samaniego, Shalon Guevara Torres, Alexander Canta Calua, Cesar, Razuri, Nadia, Ortiz, Xianelle, Rodriguez, Nahilia, Carrasco, Fridiz, Saravia, Hector Shibao Miyasato, María, Valcarcel-Saldaña, Ysabel Esthefany Alejos Bermúdez, Juan, Carpio, Walter Ruiz Panez, Pedro Angel Toribio Orbegozo (Hospital Nacional Arzopispo Loayza), Carolina Guzmán Dueñas, Kevin Turpo Espinoza, Ana Maria Sandoval Barrantes, Jorge Armando Chungui Bravo, Lorena, Fuentes-Rivera, Carmen, Fernández, Bárbara, Málaga, Joselyn Ye (Hospital Cayetano Heredia), Ricardo Velasquez, Jannin Salcedo (Clínica De Especialidades Médicas), Ana Lucia Contreras-Vergara, Angelica Genoveva Vergara Mejia, Maria Soledad Gonzales Montejo (Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen), Marilia Del Carmen Escalante Salas, Willy Alcca Ticona, Marvin, Vargas, George Christian Manrique Sila, Robinson, Mas, Arazzelly del Pilar Paucar (Hospital Regional De Ayacucho), Armando José Román Velásquez, Alina, Robledo-Rabanal, Ludwing Alexander Zeta Solis (Hospital III José Cayetano Heredia), Kenny Turpo Espinoza (Hospital Nacional Maria Auxiliadora), José Luis Hamasaki Hamaguchi, Erick Samuel Florez Farfan, Linda Alvi Madrid Barrientos, Juan Jaime Herrera Matta (Hospital De Policia), Mora, Philippines: John Jemuel V., Redota, Menold Archee P., Manuel Francisco Roxas, Maño (The Medical City), Maria Jesusa B., Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Christel Leanne Almanon (Department Of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University Of The Philippines Manila), Poland: Maciej Walędziak, Rafał, Roszkowski, Michał Janik (Department Of General, Oncological, Metabolic And Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute Of Medicine, Warsaw), Anna, Lasek, Piotr, Major, Dorota, Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz (2nd Department Of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College), Portugal: Cristina Fernandes, Renato Melo (Centro Hospitalar De São João), Romania: Liviu Muntean, Aurel Sandu Mironescu, Lucian Corneliu Vida (Spitalul Clinic De Copii Brasov), Amar Kourdouli, Mariuca Popa (Spital Judetean De Urgenta Din Craiova), Hogea Mircea (Spitalul Clinic Judetean Brasov), Mihaela, Vartic, Bogdan, Diaconescu, Matei Razvan Bratu, Ionut, Negoi, Cezar Ciubotaru (Emergency Hospital of Bucharest), Allen Ingabire, Rwanda: J. C., Norbert Uzabumwana (University Teaching Hospital Of Kigali), Dieudonne Duhoranenayo (Kibungo Hospital), San Marino: Elio Jovine, Nicola, Zanini, Giovanni Landolfo (San Marino State Hospital), Saudi Arabia: Murad Aljiffry, Faisal, Idris, Alghamdi, Mohammed Saleh A., Ashraf, Maghrabi, Aroub, Alkaaki, Sondos Turkustani (Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah) Eyad Khalifah, Adel, Albiety, Sarah, Sahel, Reham, Alshareef, Mohammed Najjar (Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital and Oncology Center, Jeddah) Ahmed Alzahrani, Ahmed, Alghamdi, Wedyan Alhazmi (King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah) Ghiath Al Saied, Mohammed, Alamoudi, Muhammed Masood Riaz (King Fahad Medical City, Mazen, Hassanain, Basmah, Alhassan, Abdullah, Altamimi, Reem, Alyahya, Norah Al Subaie, Fatema Al Bastawis, Roaa Khan (King Khaled University Hospital), Serbia: Milan Radojkovic, Ljiljana, Jeremic, Milica Nestorovic (Clinic For General Surgery, Clinical Center Nis), Singapore: Jia Hao Law, Keith Say Kwang Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat Tan, Joel Kin Tan, Lau Wen Liang Joel, Bettina, Lieske, Xue Wei Chan, Faith Qi Hui Leong, Choon Seng Chong, Sharon, Koh, Kai Yin Lee, Kuok Chung Lee (National University Hospital) South Africa: Kent Pluke, Britta, Dedekind, Puyearashid, Nashidengo, Mark Ian Hampton (Victoria Hospital Wynberg), Johanna, Joosten, Sanju, Sobnach, Liana, Roodt, Anthony, Sander, James, Pape, Richard Spence (Groote Schuur), Niveshni Maistry (Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital), Phumudzo, Ndwambi, Kamau, Kinandu, Myint Tun (Leratong Hospital), Frederick Du Toit, Quinn, Ellison, Sule, Burger, Grobler, Dc, Lawrence Bongani Khulu (Tembisa Tertiary Provincial Hospital), Rachel, Moore, Vicky, Jennings, Astrid Leusink (Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital), Nazmie, Kariem, Juan, Gouws, Kathryn, Chu, Heather, Bougard, Fazlin, Noor, Angela Dell (New Somerset Hospital), Stephanie Van Straten (Helen Joseph Hospital, University Of Witwatersrand), Arvin, Khamajeet, Serge Kapenda Tshisola, Kalangu Kabongo (Stanger Hospital), Yoshan, Moodley, Frank, Anderson, Thandinkosi Madiba (Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital), Flip du Plooy (Mediclinic Potchefstroom), Leila, Hartford, Gareth, Chilton, Parveen Karjiker (Mitchell's Plain District Hospital), Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu (Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital), Maria Badicel, Robert Jaich (Milpark Hospital) Spain: Jaime Ruiz-Tovar (University Hospital Rey Juan Carlos), Luis, Garcia-Florez, Otero-Díez, Jorge L., Virginia Ramos Pérez, Nuria Aguado Suárez (Hospital Universitario San Agustín), Javier Minguez García, Sara Corral Moreno, Maria Vicenta Collado, Virginia Jiménez Carneros, Javier García Septiem (Hospital Universitario de Getafe), Mariana, Gonzalez, Antonio, Picardo, Enrique, Esteban, Esther, Ferrero, Irene Ortega (Infanta Sofía University Hospital), Eloy, Espin-Basany, Ruth, Blanco-Colino, Valeria Andriola (Hospital Valle De Hebron), Elisa, Contreras, Carmen García Bernardo, Sandra, Sanz, Alberto Miyar de León, Asnel, Dorismé, Joseluis, Rodicio, Aida, Suarez, Jessica, Stuva, Tamara Diaz Vico (Central University Hospital Of Asturias), Laura, Fernandez-Vega, Carla, Soldevila-Verdeguer, Fatima, Sena-Ruiz, Natalia, Pujol-Cano, Paula, Diaz-Jover, José Maria Garcia-Perez, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Cristina, Pineño-Flores, David, Ambrona-Zafra, Andrea, Craus-Miguel, Patricia, Jimenez-Morillas, Angela Mazzella (Hospital Universitario Son Espases), B Jayathilake, Sri Lanka: A., Thalgaspitiya, S. P. B., Wijayarathna, L. S., Wimalge (University Surgical Unit, P. M. S. N., Teaching Hospital Anuradhapura), Kitts And Nevis: Hakeem Ayomi Sanni, St., Aliyu, Ndajiwo, Ogheneochuko Okenabirhie (Joseph, N France Hospital) Sudan: Anmar Homeida, Abobaker, Younis, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Mustafa, Abdulaziz, Ali, Mussad, Ali Adam (University of Gezira), Sweden: Yucel Cengiz, Ida, Björklund, Sandra Ahlqvist (Sundsvall Hospital), Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen (Ersta Hospital), Arestis Sokratous, Michaela Breistrand (Mora Hospital), Hildur Thorarinsdottir (Helsingborgs Lasarett), Johanna, Sigurdadottir, Maziar, Nikberg, Abbas Chabok (Västmanlands Hospital Västerås), Maria Hjertberg (Department Of Surgery And Department Of Clinical And Experimental Medicine, Linköping, University, Norrköping, Sweden), Peter, Elbe, Deborah, Saraste, Wiktor, Rutkowski, Louise Forlin (Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Solna), Karoliina, Niska, Malin Sund (Umea University Hospital) Switzerland: Dennis Oswald, Georgios, Peros, Rafael, Bluelle, Katharina, Reinisch, Daniel, Frey, Adrian Palma (Gzo Spital Wetzikon), Lucius, Zumbühl, Markus Zuber (Kantonsspital Olten), Roger Schmid, Gabriela Werder (Buergerspital Solothurn), Antonio, Nocito, Silke Mahanty (Kantonsspital Baden), Lukas Werner Widmer, Julia, Müller, Alissa Gübeli (Hospital Davos), Grzegorz Zuk (Gzo Spital Wetzikon), Turkey: Osman Bilgin Gulcicek, Yuksel, Altinel, Talar Vartanoglu (Bagcilar Research And Training Hospital), Emin, Kose, Servet Rustu Karahan, Mehmet Can Aydin (Okmeydanı Training And Research Hospital), Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Ilkay, Halicioglu, Sadi Konuk Training And Research Hospital), Halil Alis (Bakirkoy Dr., Ipek, Sapci, Can, Adıyaman, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Turgut Bora Cengiz, Ilkan, Tansoker, Vedatcan, Işler, Muazzez, Cevik, Deniz, Mutlu, Volkan, Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Sefa, Bayram, Sinem, Yolcu, Berna Buse Kobal, Ömer Faruk Toto, Haluk Cem Çakaloğlu (Acibadem University School of Medicine, Atakent, Hospital), Kagan, Karabulut, Vahit, Mutlu, Bahar Busra Ozkan (Ondokuz Mayis University Medical Faculty), Saban, Celik, Anil, Semiz, Selim, Bodur, Enisburak, Gül, Busra, Murutoglu, Reyyan, Yildirim, Bahadir Emre Baki, Ekin, Arslan, Mehmet, Ulusahin, Ali Guner (Karadeniz Technical University Faculty Of Medicine), United Kingdom: Nathan Walker, Nikhita, Shrimanker, Simon Cole (Royal United Hospital Bath), Ryan Breslin, Ravi Srinivasan (Blackpool Victoria Hospital), Kristina, Hunter, Ahmed Al-Bahrani (Watford General Hospital), Nora Grace Mairs, Alistair, Rocke, Lachlan, Dick, Mobeen Qureshi (Inverclyde Royal Hospital), Debkumar Chowdhury (University Hospital Ayr), Naomi, Wright, Clare, Skerritt, Thomas' Hospitals), Dorothy Kufeji (Guy's And St., Adrienne, Ho, Tharindra, Dissanayake, Athula, Tennakoon, Wadah Ali (Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust), Charlene, Tan, Catrin Jones (Victoria Hospital Kirkcaldy), Stephen, Knight, Dima, Nassif, Abhishek Sharma (Perth Royal Infirmary), Oliver, Warren, Rebecca, White, Aia, Mehdi, Nathan, Post, Eliana, Kalakouti, Enkhbat, Dashnyam, Frederick Stourton (Chelsea And Westminster Hospital), Ioannis Mykoniatis, Chelise Currow (Northampton General Hospital), Francisca, Wong, Ashish, Gupta, Veeranna Shatkar (Queen's Hospital, BHR University Hospitals NHS Trust), Suraj, Kadiwar, Alexander Smedley (North Middlesex University Hospital), Rebecca, Wakefield, Philip, Herrod, James, Blackwell, Jonathan Lund (Royal Derby Hospital), Fraser, Cohen, Ashwath, Bandi, Stefano Giuliani (St George's Hospital), Giles, Bond-Smith, Neda, Farhangmehr, Miklos Perenyei (John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford), Philip, Ireland, Kirk, Bowling, David Bunting (Gloucestershire Royal Hospital), Lydia, Longstaff, Kenneth Keogh (Royal Devon &amp, Exeter, Hospital), Hyunjin, Jeon, Muhammad Rafaih Iqbal, Shivun, Khosla, Anna, Jeffery, James Perera (Maidstone &amp, Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust), Ella Teasdale (Western Isles Hospital), Tariq, Alhammali, Yahya Salama (Kettering General Hospital NHS Trust), Rakan Kabariti, Shaun Oram (Nevill Hall Hospital), Thomas, Kidd, Fraser, Cullen, Christopher, Owen, Michael, Wilson, Seehui, Chiu, Hannah Sarafilovic (Ninewells Hospital), Jennifer, Ploski, Elizabeth, Evans, Athar, Abbas, Sylvia, Kamya, Norzawani, Ishak, Carly, Bisset, Cedar, Andress, Ye Ru Chin (Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley), Priya, Patel, David Evans (University Hospital, Wales), Anna Jeffery, James Perera (Maistone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust), Aidan, Haslegrave, Adam, Boggon, Kirsten, Laurie, Thomas Mann (Borders General Hospital), Anahita, Mansuri, Rachel, Davies, Ewen Griffiths (University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust), Aized Raza Shahbaz, Calvin, Eng, Farhat, Din, Ariadne, L'Heveder, Park, Esther H. G., Ramanish, Ravishankar, Kirsten, Mcintosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke, Chan, Susan McGarvie (Western General Hospital, Edinburgh), Lingshan, Tang, Hui, Lim, Suhhuey, Yap, Jay, Park, Zhan Herr Ng, Shahrukh, Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke, Walls, Chloe, Roy, Simon, Paterson-Brown, Julian, Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth, Mclean, Michelle, S D'Souza, Savva, Pronin, David Ewart Henshall, Eunice Zuling Ter (Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Dina Fouad, Ashish Minocha (Norfolk And Norwich University Hospital), William, English, Catrin, Morgan, Dominic, Townsend, Laura, Maciejec, Shareef, Mahdi, Onyinye, Akpenyi, Elisabeth, Hall, Hanaan, Caydiid, Zakaria, Rob, Tom, Abbott, Hew, D Torrance (The Royal London Hospital), Gareth Irwin, Robin Johnston (Ulster Hospital Dundonald), Mohammed Akil Gani, Gianpiero Gravante (Leicester Royal Infirmary), Shivanchan, Rajmohan, Kiran, Majid, Christopher Smith (West Middlesex University Hospital), Madanmohan, Palliyil, Sanjay, Patel, Luke, Nicholson, Neil, Harvey, Katie, Baillie, Sam, Shillito, Suzanne, Kershaw, Rebecca, Bamford, Peter Orton (Stockport NHS Foundation Trust), Elke, Reunis, Wai Cheong Soon (Good Hope Hospital), Jama, Guled M., Dharminder, Dhillon, Khyati Patel (Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall), Shayanthan, Nanthakumaran, Rachel, Heard, Kar Yan Chen (Aberdeen Royal Infirmary), Behrad, Barmayehvar, Uttaran, Datta, Sivesh, K Kamarajah, Sharad Karandikar (Heartlands Hospital), Sobhana Iftekhar Tani (Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust), Philippa, Donnelly, Michael Walker (Raigmore Hospital), Jehangirshaw, Parakh, Sarah, Blacker, Anil Kaul (Whiston Hospital), Arjun Paramasivan (Darlington Memorial Hospital), Sameh, Farag, Ashrafun, Nessa, Salwa Awadallah (Worthing Hospital, Western Sussex Hospital NHS Foundation Trust), Jieqi, Lim, James Chean Khun Ng (Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow), United States: Katherine Gash, Kiran, Ravi P., Alice Murray (New York Presbyterian Hospital, / Columbia University Medical Center), Mohini, Dasari, Juan Puyana (University Of Pittsburgh Medical Center, - Presbyterian), Nadeem, Haddad, Martin, Zielinski, Asad Choudhry (Mayo Clinic), Celeste, Caliman, Mieshia, Beamon, Therese Duane (John Peter Smith Hospital), Ragavan Narayanan, Mamta Swaroop (Northwestern Memorial Hospital / Northwestern University), Jonathan, Myers, Rebecca, Deal, Erik Schadde (Rush University Medical Centre), Mark, Hemmila, Kathleen To (University Of Michigan Medical Center) Zambia: Alex Makupe, Joseph, Musowoya, Mayaba Maimbo (Ndola Central Hospital), Niels Van Der Naald, Dayson, Kumwenda, Alex, Reece-Smith, Kars, Otten, Anna, Verbeek, Marloes Prins (St Francis Mission Hospital) Data validators (GlobalSurg-2) Argentina: Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez (Simplemente Evita), Ruben Balmaceda (Hospital Lagomaggiore), Barbados: Chelsea Deane (Queen Elizabeth Hospital), Croatia: Emilio Dijan (Zadar General Hospital), Egypt: Mahmoud Elfiky (Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University), Finland: Laura Koskenvuo (Helsinki University Hospital), France: Aurore Thollot (CHU Poitiers), Bernard Limoges (CHU Limoges), Carmen Capito (Hopital Necker Enfants Malades, Challine Alexandre (Hopital Cochin, Henri Kotobi (Trousseau Hospital, Julien Leroux (CHU Rouen), Kalitha Pinnagoda (CHU Toulouse), Nicolas Henric (CHU Angers), Olivier Azzis (CHU Rennes), Olivier Rosello (CHU Nice), Poddevin Francois (GHICL), Sara Etienne (CHU Saint Etienne), Philippe Buisson (CHU Amiens Picardie), Sophian Hmila (Hopital Robert Ballanger, Ghana: Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey (Korle Bu Teaching Hospital), Osman Imoro (Baptist Medical Centre), Owusu Emmanuel Abem (Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital), Paul Wondoh (Upper West Regional Hospital), Greece: Dimitrios Papageorgiou (Naval And Veterans Hospital Of Athens), Vasiliki Soulou (Anticancer Hospital Of Athens Agios Savvas), Guatemala: Sabrina Asturias (Hospital Herrera Llerandi Amedesgua), Lenin Peña (Hospital General San Juan De Dios), India: Basant Kumar (Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute Of Medical College Lucknow), Ireland: Donal B O’Connor (Tallaght Hospital, Trinity College Dublin), Italy: Alberto Realis Luc (Santa Rita Clinic, Alfio Alessandro Russo (Treviglio Hospital), Andrea Ruzzenente (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona), Antonio Taddei (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi), Camilla Cona (IOV, - Istituto Oncologico Veneto), Corrado Bottini (Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Giovanni Pascale (Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara), Giuseppe Rotunno (Nicola Giannettasio Hospital, Leonardo Solaini (University Of Brescia, Spedali Civili Di Brescia, ), Marco Maria Pascale (Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli', ), Margherita Notarnicola (University Of Bari 'Aldo Moro'), Mario Corbellino (Ospedale Luigi Sacco Milano), Michele Sacco (Federico II University of Naples), 5 'Friuli Occidentale', Paolo Ubiali (Azienda per L'Assistenza Sanitaria N., Pordenone), Roberto Cautiero (Second University Of Naples), Tommaso Bocchetti (Sant’Andrea Hospital, Andrea Hospital, Elena Muzio (S., Vania Guglielmo (Policlinico Umberto I, Emergency Surgery Department), Eugenio Morandi (Ospedale di Rho, – ASST Rhodense), Patrizio Mao (San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano), Emilia De Luca (Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Jordan: Farah Mahmoud Ali (Jordan University Hospital), Margherita Notarnicola (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico Di Bari)., Lithuania: Justas Žilinskas (Klaipeda Republic), Kestutis Strupas (Vilnius University Hospital), Paulius Kondrotas (Taurage County Hospital), Robertas Baltrunas (Rokiskis District Municipality Hospital), Juozas Kutkevicius (Department Of General Surgery, Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences), Povilas Ignatavicius (Hospital Of Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics), Malaysia: Choy Ling Tan (Hospital Sultanah Aminah), Jia Yng Siaw (Hospital Sibu), Sir Young Yam (Penang Medical College), Ling Wilson (Sarawak General Hospital), Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz (University Malaya Medical Centre), Malta: John Bondin (Mater Dei Hospital), Mexico: Carmina Diaz Zorrilla (Hospital Espanol De Veracruz), Morocco: Anass Majbar (Centre Hospitalier Ibn Sina Rabat), Nigeria: Danjuma Sale (Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital), Lawal Abdullahi (Aminu KanoTeaching Hospital), Olabisi Osagie (University Of Abuja Teaching Hospital), Omolara Faboya (Lagos State Teaching Hospital), Adedeji Fatuga (Lagos University Teaching Hospital), Agboola Taiwo (Babcock University Teaching Hospital), Emeka Nwabuoku (Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital), Norway: Marte Bliksøen (Oslo University Hospital), Pakistan: Zain Ali Khan (Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur), Paraguay: Jazmin Coronel (Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción) Peru: Cesar Miranda (Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia), Idelso Vasquez (Lima Almenara), Helguero-Santin (Hospital Regional III Jose Cayetano Heredia – Piura), Luis M., Rwanda: Jennifer Rickard (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Kigali), Romania: Aurel Mironescu (Spitalul Clinic De Copii Brasov), Saint Kitts and Nevis: Adesina Adedeji (Joseph, N France Hospital), Saudi Arabia: Saleh Alqahtani (King Fahad General Hospital), South Africa: Max Rath (Groote Schuur Hospital), Michael Van Niekerk (New Somerset Hospital), Modise Zacharia Koto (Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital), Roel Matos-Puig (Stanger Hospital), Sweden: Leif Israelsson (Sundsvall), Switzerland: Tobias Schuetz (Kantonsspital Olten), Turkey: Mahmut Arif Yuksek (Ondokuz Mayis University), Meric Mericliler (Acibadem University School of Medicine, Mehmet Uluşahin (Karadeniz Technical University Farabi Hospital), United Kingdom: Bernhard Wolf (Raigmore Hospital Inverness), Cameron Fairfield (Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Guo Liang Yong (Perth Royal Infirmary), Katharine Whitehurst (Royal Devon And Exeter), Michael Wilson (Ninewells Hospital And Medical School), Natalie Redgrave (John Radcliffe Hospital, Caroluce, K Musyoka (Royal Alexandra Hospital), James Olivier (Royal United Hospital Bath), Kathryn Lee (Queen Elizabeth Birmingham), Michael Cox (Royal Derby Hospital), Muhamed M, H Farhan-Alanie (Inverclyde Royal Hospital), Rory Callan (North Middlesex University Hospital) Zambia: Chali Chibuye (Ndola Central Hospital) Protocol translators (GlobalSurg-2) Arabic, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine, Rekhis, Muna, Rommaneh, Oday, Halhouli, Chinese, Zi Hao Sam, Jacky Hong Chieh Chen, French, Dylan, Roi, Greek, Vasileios Kalles, Italian, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Portuguese, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel, Pardo, Spanish, Ruth, Blanco, Eugenio Grasset, Escobar., Gallo, Gaetano, Adisa, A. O., Costas-Chavarri, A., Allen-Ingabire, J. C., Lilford, R. J., Harrison, E. M., Pinkney, T. D., Verjee, A., Runigamugabo, E., Altamini, A., Borda-Luque, G., Cornick, J., Fitzgerald, J. E., Kirby, A., Mihaljevic, A. L., Morton, D., Ntirenganya, F., Ots, R., Shaw, C. A., Khatri, C., Gobin, N., Freitas, A. V., Hall, N., Kim, S. -H., Negida, A., Jaffry, Z., Chapman, S. J., Arnaud, A. P., Tabiri, S., Recinos, G., Manipal, C. E., Mohan, M., Amandito, R., Shawki, M., Hanrahan, M., Zilinskas, J., Roslani, A. C., Goh, C. C., Ademuyiwa, A. O., Irwin, G., Shu, S., Luque, L., Shiwani, H., Altamimi, A., Alsaggaf, M. U., Spence, R., Rayne, S., Jeyakumar, J., Raptis, D. A., Glasbey, J. C., Modolo, M. M., Iyer, D., King, S., Arthur, T., Nahar, S. N., Waterman, A., Walsh, M., Agarwal, A., Zani, A., Firdouse, M., Rouse, T., Liu, Q., Correa, J. C., Salem, H. K., Talving, P., Worku, M., Kalles, V., Kumar, B., Kumar, S., Quek, R., Pata, F., Ansaloni, L., Altibi, A., Venskutonis, D., Poskus, T., Whitaker, J., Msosa, V., Tew, Y. Y., Farrugia, A., Borg, E., Ramos-De La Medina, A., Bentounsi, Z., Soreide, K., Gala, T., Al-Slaibi, I., Tahboub, H., Alser, O. H., Romani, D., Major, P., Mironescu, A., Bratu, M. R., Kourdouli, A., Ndajiwo, A., Altwijri, A., Gudal, A., Jubran, A. F., Seisay, S., Lieske, B., Ortega, I., Senanayake, K. J., Abdulbagi, O., Altinel, Y., Kong, C., Teasdale, E., Stoddart, M., Kabariti, R., Suresh, S., Gash, K., Narayanan, R., Maimbo, M., Fermani, C., Macdermid, E., Chenn, R., Yong, C. O., Edye, M., Jarmin, M., D'Amours, S. K., Youssef, D., Phillips, N., Brown, J., George, R., Koh, C., Warren, O., Hanley, I., Dickfos, M., Nawara, C., Ofner, D., Primavesi, F., Mitul, A. R., Mahmud, K., Hussain, M., Hakim, H., Kumar, T., Oosterkamp, A., Assouto, P. A., Lawani, I., Souaibou, Y. I., Tun, A. K., Chong, C. L., Devadasar, G. H., Qadir, M. R. M., Aung, K. P., Yeo, L. S., Castillo, V. D. P., Munhoz, M. M., Moreira, G., De Castro Segundo, L. C. B., Ferreira, S. A. K., Careta, M. C., Kim, S. B., De Sousa, A. V., Cury, A. D. L., Miguel, G. P. S., De Freitas, A. V. C., Silvestre, B. P., Vianna, J. G. P., Felipe, C. O., Laufer, L. A. V., Altoe, F., Da Silva, L. A., Pimenta, M. L., Giuriato, T. F., Morais, P. A. B., Luiz, J. S., Araujo, R., Menegussi, J., Leal, M., De Lima, C. V. B., Tatagiba, L. S., Leal, A., Dos Santos, D. V., Fraga, G. P., Simoes, R. L., Stock, S., Nigo, S., Kabba, J., Ngwa, T. E., Azzie, G., Kushwaha, S., Bailey, K., Cameron, B., Livingston, M., Horobjowsky, A., Deckelbaum, D. L., Razek, T., Marinkovic, B., Grasset, E., D'Aguzan, N., Jimenez, J., Macchiavello, R., Zhang, Z., Guo, W., Oh, J., Zheng, F., Montes, I., Sierra, S., Mendez, M., Villegas, M. I., Arango, M. C. M., Mendoza, I., Aristizabal, F. A. N., Botero, J. A. M., Riaza, V. M. Q., Restrepo, J., Morales, C., Cruz, H., Munera, A., Karlo, R., Domini, E., Mihanovic, J., Radic, M., Zamarin, K., Pezelj, N., Hache-Marliere, M., Lemaire, S. B., Rivas, R., Khyrallh, A., Hassan, A., Shimy, G., Fahmy, M. A. B., Nabawi, A., Elfil, M., Ghoneem, M., Gohar, M. E. S. A. M., Asal, M., Abdelkader, M., Gomah, M., Rashwan, H., Karkeet, M., Gomaa, A., Hasan, A., Elgebaly, A., Saleh, O., Fattah, A. A., Gouda, A., Elshafay, A. E., Gharib, A., Menshawy, A., Hanafy, M., Al-Mallah, A., Abdulgawad, M., Baheeg, M., Alhendy, M., Fattah, I. A., Kenibar, A., Osman, O., Gemeah, M., Mohammed, A., Adel, A., Sayed, A., Abozaid, M., El-Badri Kotb, A. H., Ata, A. A. A., Nasr, M., Alkammash, A., Saeed, M., El Hamid, N. A., Attia, A. M., El Galeel, A. A., Elbanby, E., El-Dien, K. S., Hantour, U., Alahmady, O., Mansour, B., Elkorashy, A. M., Taha, E. M. S., Lasheen, K. T., Elkolaly, S. S., Abdel-Wahab, N. Y. E., Abozyed, M. A. F., Saeed, A. M., El Sayed, G. S., Youssif, J. H., Ahmed, S. M., El-Shahat, N. S., Khedr, A. E. R. H., Elsebaaye, A. O., Elzayat, M., Abdelraheim, M., Elzayat, I., Warda, M., El Deen, K. N., Elnemr, A. E., Salah, O., Abbas, M., Rashad, M., Elzayyat, I., Hemeda, D., Tawfik, G., Salama, M., Khaled, H., Seisa, M., Elshaer, K., Hussein, A., Elkhadrawi, M., Afifi, A. M., Ebrahim, O. S., Metwally, M. M., Elmelegy, R., Elsawahly, D. M. E., Safa, H., Nofal, E., Elbermawy, M., Ghazy, A. A., Samih, H., Abdelgelil, A., Abdelghany, S., Kholy, A. E., Aboraya, M., Elkady, F., Salma, M., Samy, S., Fakher, R., Aboarab, A., Samir, A., Sakr, A., Haroun, A., Al-Aarag, A. A. R., Elkholy, A., Elshanwany, S., Ghanem, E., Tammam, A., Hammad, A. M., Shoura, Y. E., Ashal, G. E., Antar, S., Mehrez, S., Abdelshafy, M., Hamad, M. G. M., Hosh, M., Abdallah, E., Magdy, B., Alzayat, T., Gamaly, E., Elfeki, H., Abouzahra, A., Elsheikh, S., Elgendy, F. I., El-Salam, F. A., Seifelnasr, O., Ammar, M., Eysa, A., Sadek, A., Toeema, A. 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Valentine, Martin, Amandine, Arnaud, Alexis Pierre, Muller, Cecile, Bonnard, Arnaud, Peycelon, Matthieu, Abantanga, Franci, Boakye‐Yiadom, Kwaku, Bukari, Mohammed, Owusu, Frank, Awuku‐Asabre, Joseph, Bray, Lemuel Davie, Lytras, Dimitrio, Psarianos, Kyriako, Bamicha, Anastasia, Kefalidi, Eirini, Gemenetzis, Georgio, Dervenis, Christo, Gouvas, Nikolao, Agalianos, Christo, Kontos, Michail, Kouraklis, Gregory, Karousos, Dimitrio, Germanos, Styliano, Marinos, Constantino, Anthoulakis, Christo, Nikoloudis, Nikolao, Mitroudis, Nikolao, Estupinian, Sergio, Forno, Walter, Azmitia, José René Arévalo, Cabrera, Carla Cecilia Ramãrez, Guevara, Romeo, Aguilera, Maria, Mendez, Napoleon, Mendizabal, Cesar Augusto Azmitia, Ramazzini, Pablo, Urquizu, Mario Contrera, Tale, Fernando, Soley, Rafael, Barrios, Emanuel, Barrios, Emmanuel, Rodríguez, Daniel Estuardo Marroquín, Velásquez, Carlos Iván Pérez, Mérida, Sara María Contrera, Regalado, Francisco, Lopez, Mario, Siguantay, Miguel, Lam, Fong Yee, Szeto, Kylie Joan‐yi, Szeto, Charing Cheuk Ling, Li, Wing Sum, Li, Kieran Ka Kei, Leung, Man Fung, Mak, Tony, Ng, Simon, Prasad, SS, Kirishnan, Anand, Gyanchandani, Nidhi, Kumar, Bylapudi Seshu, Rangarajan, Muthukumaran, Bhat, Sriram, Sreedharan, Anjana, Kinnera, S.V., Reddy, Yella, Venugopal, Caranj, Mittal, Abhishek, Nadkarni, Shravan, Lakshmi, Harish Neelamraju, Malik, Puneet, Limaye, Neel, Pai, Sriniva, Jain, Pratik, Khajanchi, Monty, Satoskar, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev, Mahamood, Abid Bin, Sutanto, Eldaa Prisca Refianti, Soeselo, Daniel Ardian, Tedjaatmadja, Chintya, Rahmawati, Fitriana Nur, Mayasari, Maria, Al‐Hasani, Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad, Al‐Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Ibraheem, Hasan Ismael, Al‐Azraqi, Israa Abdullah Aziz, Sabeeh, Lubna, Kamil, Rahma, Telfah, Muwaffaq Mezeil, Rasendran, Amoudtha, Sheehan, Jacqueline, Kerley, Robert, Normile, Caoimhe, Gilbert, Richard William, Song, Jiheon, Dablouk, Mohamed, Mauro, Linnea, Dablouk, Mohammed Osman, Kielty, Paul, Marks, Eleanor, Gosling, Simon, Mccarthy, Michelle, Mirghani, Diya, Naqvi, Syed Altaf, Wong, Chee Siong, Chung, Siyi, D'cruz, Reuban, Cahill, Ronan, Gosling, Simon George, Fahy, Ciara, Cadogan, Diana Duarte, Powell, Anna, Gilbert, Richard, Clifford, Caroline, Driscoll, Aoife, Paul, Stassen, Lee, Chri, Bowe, Ro, Hutch, William, Mohan, Helen, O'neill, Maeve, Mealy, Kenneth, Danelli, Piergiorgio, Bondurri, Andrea, Maffioli, Anna, Pasini, Mario, Pata, Giacomo, Roncali, Stefano, Silvani, Paolo, Carlucci, Michele, Faccincani, Roberto, Bonavina, Luigi, Macchitella, Yuri, Ceriani, Chiara, Tugnoli, Gregorio, Di Saverio, Salomone, Khattab, Khaled, Paludi, Miguel Angel, Pata, Domenica, Cloro, Luigi Maria, Allegri, Andrea, Coccolini, Federico, Veronese, Ezio, Bortolasi, Luca, Hasheminia, Alireza, Nastri, Giacomo, Canto, Massimiliano Dal, Cucumazzo, Stefano, Benevento, Angelo, Tessera, Gaetano, Grandinetti, Pier Paolo, Maniscalco, Alessio, Lamanna, Giovanni Luca, Turati, Luca, Sgroi, Giovanni, Rausa, Emanuele, Villa, Roberta, Monteleone, Michela, Merlini, David, Grassi, Veronica, Cirocchi, Roberto, Cacurri, Alban, Waleed, Hamza, Diab, Ahmed, Elzowawi, Fathi, Jokubauskas, Manta, Varkalys, Karoli, Pranevicius, Roberta, Ambrozeviciute, Viktorija, Juciute, Simona, Skardžiukaitė, Austė, Bradulskis, Sauliu, Urbanavicius, Lina, Austraite, Aiste, Riauka, Romualda, Dambrauskas, Zilvina, Karumnas, Pauliu, Urniezius, Zigmanta, Zilinskiene, Reda, Rudzenskaite, Anele, Usaityte, Ausrine, Montrimaite, Margarita, Kaselis, Neriju, Strazdas, Andriu, Jokubonis, Kristijona, Maceviciute, Kornelija, Beisa, Virgiliju, Strupas, Kestuti, Laugzemys, Erika, Kolosov, Andrej, Jotautas, Valdemara, Rakita, Igna, Mikalauskas, Sauliu, Kazanavicius, Dariu, Rackauskas, Roka, Rakauskas, Ritaura, Preckailaite, Egle, Coomber, Ro, Johnson, Kenneth, Nowers, Jennifer, Periasammy, Dineshwary, Salleh, Afizah, Das, Andre, Tze, Reuben Goh Ern, Kumar, Milaksh Nirumal, Abdullah, Nik Azim Nik, Kosai, Nik Ritza, Taher, Mustafa, Rajan, Reynu, Chong, Hoong Yin, Agius, Marija, Bezzina, Maureen, Bugeja, Roberta, Vella‐Baldacchino, Martinique, Spina, Andrew, Psaila, Josephine, Francois‐Coridon, Helene, Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean‐Francoi, Diaz‐Zorrilla, Carmina, De La Medina, Antonio Ramos‐, Gonzalez, Samantha Corro‐Diaz, Jacobe, Mário, Mapasse, Domingo, Snyder, Elizabeth, Oumer, Ramadan, Osman, Mohammed, Mohammad, Aminu, Anyanwu, Lofty‐John, Sheshe, Abdulrahman, Adesina, Alaba, Faturoti, Olubukola, Taiwo, Ogechukwu, Ibrahim, Muhammad Habib, Nasir, Abdulrasheed A, Suleiman, Siyaka Itopa, Adeniyi, Adewale, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Adebanjo, Ademola, Osuoji, Roland, Atobatele, Kazeem, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, Williams, Omolara, Oludara, Mobolaji, Oshodi, Olabode, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Lawal, AbdulRazzaq Oluwagbemiga, Alakaloko, Felix, Elebute, Olumide, Osinowo, Adedapo, Bode, Christopher, Adesuyi, Abidemi, Tade, Adesoji, Adekoya, Adeleke, Nwokoro, Collin, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O, Lawal, Taiwo Akeem, Ajao, Akinlabi E, Ali, Samuel Sani, Odeyemi, Babatunde, Olori, Samson, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Ademola, Adeniran, Jame, Lossius, William J., Havemann, Ingemar, Thorsen, Kenneth, Narvestad, Jon Kristian, Soreide, Kjetil, Wold, Trude Beate, Nymo, Linn, Elsiddig, Mohammed, Dar, Manzoor, Bhopal, Kamran Faisal, Iftikhar, Zainab, Furqan, Muhammad Mohsin, Nighat, Bakhtiar, Jawaid, Masood, Khalique, Abdul, Zil‐E‐Ali, Ahsan, Rashid, Anam, Dharamshi, Hasnain Abba, Naqvi, Tahira, Faraz, Ahmad, Anwar, Abdul Wahid, Yaseen, Tahir Muhammad, Shamsi, Ghina Shamim, Shamsi, Ghina, Yaseen, Tahir, Anwer, Wahid, Decoud, Horacio Parede, Aguilera, Omar, Alvarez, Ismael Isaac Zelada, Delgado, Juan Marcelo, Vega, Gustavo Miguel Machain, Lohse, Helmut Alfredo Segovia, Aguilar, Wendy Leslie Messa, Chiong, Jose Antonio Cabala, Bautista, Ana Cecilia Manchego, Huaman, Eduardo, Zegarra, Sergio, Camacho, Rony, Celis, Jose María Vergara, Pozo, Diego Alonso Romani, Hamasaki, José, Temoche, Edilberto, Herrera‐Matta, Jaime, Torres, Carla Pierina García, Barreda, Luis Miguel Alvarez, Ojeda, Ronald Renato Barrionuevo, Garaycochea, Octavio, Mollo, Melanie Castro, Delgado, Mitchelle Solange De Fã Tima Linare, Fujii, Francisco, Durand, Susana Yrma Aranzabal, Basto, Carlos Alejandro Arroyo, Rojas, Nelson Manuel Urbina, Yip, Sebastian Bernardo Shu, Vergara, Ana Lucia Contrera, Moran, Andrea Echevarria Rosa, Luque, Giuliano Borda, Castro, Manuel Rodriguez, Jaramillo, Ramon Alvarado, Sila, George Manrique, Lopez, Crislee Elizabeth, De Leon, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze, Machaca, Massiell, Huaraya, Ronald Coasaca, Arenas, Andy, López, Crislee, Puma, Clara Milagros Herrera, Pino, Wilfredo, Hinojosa, Christian, De Leon, Melanie Zapata Ponze, Limache, Susan, Sila, George Manrrique, Rodriguez, Layza‐Alejandra Mercado, Melo, Renato, Costa‐Maia, Jose, Muralha, Nuno, Sauvat, Frederique, Dan, Ionasc, Hogea, Mircea, Eduard, Pandi, Bratu, Razvan‐Matei, Beuran, Mircea, Diaconescu, Ionut‐Bogdan, Martian, Bogdan‐Valeriu, Iordache, Florin‐Mihail, Vartic, Mihaela, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Muntean, Liviu Iuliu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Nsengimana, Vizir Jean Paul, Niragire, Alice, Ingabire, Jean De La Croix Allen, Niyirera, Eugene, Zanini, Nicola, Jovine, Elio, Landolfo, Giovanni, Alomar, Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry, Abdulrahman M., Othman, Moayad, Osman, Nohad, Alqahtani, Ena, Alzahrani, Mohammed, Alyami, Rifan, Aljohani, Emad, Alhabli, Ibrahim, Mikwar, Zaher, Almuallem, Sultan, Nawawi, Abrar, Bakhaidar, Mohamad, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Alsaggaf, Mohammed, Aljiffry, Murad, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Khoja, Ahmad, Habeebullah, Alaa, Akeel, Nouf, Ghandora, Nashat, Almoflihi, Abdullah, Huwait, Abdulmalik, Al‐shammari, Abeer, Al‐Mousa, Mashael, Alghamdi, Masood, Adham, Walid, Albeladi, Bandar, Alfarsi, Muayad Ahmed, Mahdi, Atif, Al Awwad, Saad, Nouh, Thamer, Hassanain, Mazen, Aldhafeeri, Salman, Sadig, Nawal, Algohary, Osama, Aledrisy, Mohannad, Alrifaie, Ahmad, AlRowais, Mohammed, Althwainy, Amani, Shabkah, Alaa, Alamoudi, Uthman, Alrajraji, Mawaddah, Alghamdi, Basim, Aljohani, Saud, Daqeeq, Abdullah, Al‐Faifi, Jubran J, Jennings, Vicky, Ngayu, Nyawira, Moore, Rachel, Kong, Victor, Kretzmann, Hayden, Connor, Katie, Nel, Daniel, Sampson, Colleen, Panieri, Eugenio, Sishuba, Nosisa, Tun, Myint, Mphatsoe, Albert Mohale, Carreira, Jo‐Anne, Wagener, Mark, Botes, Stefan, Du Plessis, Danelo, Fernandez‐Bueno, Fernando, Aguilar‐Jimenez, Jose, Garcia‐Marin, Jose Andre, García, Lorena Solar, Florez, Luis Joaquín García, Pacheco, Rubén Darío Aria, Pagnozzi, Janet, Quezada, Jimy Harold Jara, Rodicio, Jose Lui, Minguez, German, Rodríguez‐Uría, Raquel, Ugalde, Paul, Lopez‐Arevalo, Camilo, Barneo, Lui, Stuva, Jessica Patricia Gonzale, Ortega‐Vazquez, Irene, Rodriguez, Lorena, Herrera, Norberto, Arachchi, Prasad Pitigala, Senanayake, Wanigasekara, Senanayake, Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha, Arachchige, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasoori, Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya, Samaraweera, Dulan Irusha, Thanusan, Vimalakanthan, Musa, Ahmed Elgaili Khalid, Balila, Reem Mohammed Hassan, Mohamed, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad, Ali, Hussein, Elabdin, Hagir Zain, Hassan, Alaa, Mahdi, Sefeldin, Ahmed, Hala, Idris, Sahar Abdoun Ishag, Elsayed, Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Boijsen, Magnu, Lundgren, Per‐Olof, Gustafsson, Ulf, Kiasat, Ali, Wogensen, Fredrik, Jurdell, Emma, Thorell, Ander, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Utter, Maria, Sundstrom, Sami Martin, Wredberg, Cecilia, Kjellin, Ann, Nyberg, Johanna, Frisk, Bjorn, Sund, Malin, Andersson, Linda, Gunnarsson, Ulf, Cengiz, Yücel, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Björklund, Ida, Royson, Hanna, Weber, Per, Pahlsson, Hans‐Ivar, Borin, Eva, Hjertberg, Maria, Schmid, Roger, Schivo, Debora, Despotidis, Vasileio, Breitenstein, Stefan, Staerkle, Ralph F, Schadde, Erik, Deichsel, Fabian, Gerosa, Alexandra, Nocito, Antonio, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Mijuskovic, Barbara, Zuber, Marku, Eisner, Luka, Kruspi, Swantje, Reinisch, Katharina Beate, Schoewe, Christin, Novak, Allan, Palma, Adrian F., Teufelberger, Gerfried, Kimaro, Msafiri, King, Rachel, Balkan, Ali Zeynel Abidin, Gumar, Mehmet, Yavuz, Mehmet Ali, Karabacak, Ufuk, Lap, Gokhan, Ozkan, Bahar Busra, Karakahya, Murat, Adams, Ryan, Morton, Robert, Henderson, Liam, Gratton, Ruth, Clement, Keiran David, Chang, Kate Yu‐Ching, Mcnish, David, Mcintosh, Ryan, Milligan, William, Skelly, Brendan, Anderson‐Knight, Hannah, Lawther, Roger, Onimowo, Jemina, Shatkar, Veereanna, Tharmalingam, Shivanee, Woin, Evelina, Fautz, Tessa, Ziff, Oliver, Dindyal, Shiva, Arman, Sam, Talukder, Shagorika, Gadhvi, Vijay, Chew, Luen Shaun, Heath, Jonathan, Blencowe, Natalie, Hallam, Sally, Mannu, Gurdeep Singh, Zachariades, Dimitris‐Christo, Snaith, Ailsa Claire, Hettiarachchi, Thusitha Sampath, Nesaratnam, Arjun, Wheeler, Jame, McCullagh, Darragh, Clements, Joshua Michael, Khan, Ata, Koumpa, Foteini, Neophytou, Christina, Roth, Jessica, Soon, Wai Cheong, Deputy, Mohammed, Ahmed, Ahmed, Ashton, Annelisse, Vincent, Joe, Almy, Jack, Khan, Taufiq, Allen, John Lee Y, Mcintyre, Charlotte Jane, Marshall, Dominic Charle, Sykes, Mark, Behar, Nebil, Jordan, Harriet, Rajjoub, Yaseen, Sherman, Thoma, White, Timothy, Watts, Anna, Ardley, Rohan, Arulampalam, Tan, Shah, Apar, Brown, Damien, Blower, Emma, Sutton, Paul, Gasteratos, Konstantino, Vimalachandran, Dale, Magee, Cathy, Mcguigan, Andrew, Mcaleer, Stephen, Morgan, Clare, Braungart, Sarah, Lafferty, Kirsten, Labib, Peter, Tanase, Andrei, Mangan, Clodagh, Reza, Lillian, Woodward, Helen, Gouldthorpe, Craig, Turner, Megan, Wild, Jonathan R L, Malik, Tom AM, Proctor, Victoria K, Hewage, Kalon, Davies, Jame, Dubois, Andre, Sarwary, Sayed, Zardab, Ali, Grant, Alan, Mcintyre, Robert, Mogan, Yogendra Praveen, Ho, Weiguang, Chong, Bryon Frankie Hon Khi, Tewari, Shirish, Humm, Gemma, Farinella, Eriberto, Hall, Nigel J, Wright, Naomi J, Major, Christina P, Xerri, Thelma, De Bono, Phoebe, Amin, Jasim, Farhad, Mustafa, Camilleri‐Brennan, John F., Robertson, Andrew G N, Swann, Joanna, Richards, 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Pezas, Theodore, Currow, Chelise, Kim, Matthew Young‐Han, Birring, Amerdip, Edwards, Joanne, Ali, Ased, Das, Suparna, Jha, Madan, Atkinson, Kieran, Luck, Joshua, Fozard, Thoma, Puttick, Michael, Salama, Yahya, Shah, Rohi, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Ebdewi, Hamdi, Gravante, Gianpiero, El‐Rabaa, Saleem, Nnajiuba, Henry, Allott, Rebecca, Bhargava, Aman, Chan, Zoe, Hassan, Zaffar, Makinde, Misty, Hemingway, David, Dean, Ramzana, Boddy, Alexander, Aber, Ahmed, Patel, Vijay, Parakh, Jehangirshaw, Parthiban, Sunil, Ubhi, Harmony Kaur, Hosein, Simon‐Peter, Ward, Simon, Malik, Kamran, Jennings, Leifa, Newton, Tom, Alkhouri, Mirna, Kang, Min Kyu, Houlden, Christopher, Barry, Jonathan, Raza, Imtanan, Farquharson, Alistair, Bhattacharya, Sanjeet, Chang, Kate, Wilson, Michael S J, Neo, Yan Ning, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Chan, Emily, Peck, Fraser S, Lim, Pei J, North, Alexander S, Blundell, Rebecca, Williamson, Adam, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, Mccarthy, Kathryn, Court, Emma, Chambers, Alice, Yee, Jenna, Tham, Ji Chung, Beaton, Ceri, Walsh, Una, Lockey, Joseph, Bokhari, Salman, Howells, Lara, Griffiths, Megan, Yallop, Laura, Singh, Shailinder, Nasher, Omar, Jackson, Paul, Shariffuddin, Abdul Muiz, Ho, Weng Chee, Wilson, Michael Sj, Pabla, Gurpreet, Ramzi, Saed, Zeidan, Shady, Doughty, Jennifer, Sinha, Sidhartha, Davenport, Ro, Lewis, Jason, Duffy, Leo, Mcaleer, Elizabeth, Williams, Eleanor, Som, Robin, Javed, Omar, Boal, Matthew, Harrison, Nicola, Tafazal, Habib, Brogden, Tom, Griffiths, Ewen, Obute, Rhalumi Daniel, Glover, Thomas E, Clark, David J, Boshnaq, Mohamed, Akhtar, Mansoor, Capleton, Pascale, Doughan, Samer, Rabie, Mohamed, Mohamed, Ismail, Samuel, Duncan, Dickson, Lauren, Kennedy, Matthew, Dempster, Eleanor, Brown, Emma, Maple, Natalie, Monaghan, Eimear, Wolf, Bernhard, Garland, Alicia, Mcphee, Arthur, Anderson, David, Anderson, Robert, Hassan, Sarah, Smith, Dave, Lund, Jonathan, Boereboom, Catherine, Murphy, Jennifer, Tierney, Gillian, Tou, Samson, Zimmermann, Eleanor Franziska, Smart, Neil Jame, Warwick, Andrea Marie, Stasinou, Theodora, Daniels, Ian, Findlay‐Cooper, Kim, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Ray, Swayamjyoti, Varcada, Massimo, D'Souza, Rovan, Omara, Sharif, Spurr, Matthew, Parkinson, Lucienne, Hanks, Anthony, Ma, Jennifer, Abington, Emily, Ramcharn, Meera, Williams, Gethin, Winstanley, Joseph, Kennedy, Ewan D., Yeung, Emily NW, Jones, Catrin, O'neill, Stephen, Lim, Shujing Jane, Liew, Ignatiu, Nair, Hari, Fairfield, Cameron, Oh, Julia, Koh, Samantha, Wilson, Andrew, Fairfield, Catherine, Anandkumar, Delran, Kirupagaran, Ashok, Jones, Timothy F, Torrance, Hew Dt, Fowler, Alexander J, Chandrakumar, Charmilie, Patel, Priyank, Ashraf, Syed Faaz, Lakhani, Sonam M., Mclean, Aaron Lawson, Basson, Sonia, Batt, Jeremy, Bowman, Catriona, Benons, Natasha, Mason, Clare, Harrison, Rebecca, Quayle, John, Barker, Tom, Summerour, Virginia, Harper, Edward, Smith, Caroline, Hampton, Matthew, Pitt, Sophie K, Ward, Alex E, O'Connor, Timothy, Heywood, Emily G, Chowdhury, Abeed, Hossaini, Sina, Watson, Nicholas F, Mckechnie, Doug, Farah, Ayaan, Chun, Anita, Koh, Hoey, Lim, Grace, Sunderland, Graham, Gould, Laura, Munipalle, P C, Rooney, H, Browning, D R L, Pereira, Bernadette, Nemeth, Kristof, Decker, Emily, Giuliani, Stefano, Shalaby, Aly, Shaikh, Shafaque, Tan, Chern Yan, Palkhi, Ebrahim Y A, Szczap, Aleksandra, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chen, Chee Yang, Kulasabanathan, Kavian, Chhabra, Srishti, Kostov, Elisabeth, Harbord, Philippe, Barnacle, Jame, Palliyil, Madan Mohan, Zikry, Mina, Porter, Johnathan, Raslan, Charef, Hafiz, Shazia, Soltani, Niksa, Baillie, Katie, Singh, Priyanka, Sheth, Shailee, Patel, Kishen, Khalili, Mahry, Choi, Jeesoo, Benger, Matthew, Marples, Lucy, Macfarlane, Alastair, Thurairaja, Ramesh, Boyce, Tamsin, Whewell, Harriet, Jones, Elin, Th'ng, Francesca, Robertson, Nichola, Mirza, Ahmad, Saeed, Haroon, Galloway, Simon, Elena, Gia, Afzal, Mohammad, Zakir, Mohamed, Sodde, Peter, Hand, Charle, Sriram, Aiesha, Clark, Tamsyn, Holton, Patrick, Livesey, Amy, Sinha, Yashashwi, Iqbal, Fahad Mujtaba, Bharj, Indervir Singh, Rotundo, Adriana, Jenvey, Cara, Slade, Robert, Golding, David, Haines, Samuel, Ne'ma Abdullah, Ali Adel, Tilston, Thomas W, Loughran, Dafydd, Donoghue, Danielle, Giacci, Lorenzo, Sherif, Mohamed Ashur, Harrison, Peter, Tang, Alethea, Kotecha, Deevia, Elshaer, Mohamed, Urbonas, Toma, Riaz, Amjid, Chapman, Annie, Acharya, Parisha, Shalhoub, Joseph, Grossart, Cathleen, McMorran, David, Mlotshwa, Makhosini, Hawkins, William, Loizides, Sofroni, Krishna, Kandaswamy, Orchard, Melanie, Ho, Chik Wai, Thomson, Peter, Khan, Shahab, Taylor, Fiona, Shukla, Jalak, Howie, Emma Elizabeth, Macdonald, Linda, Komolafe, Olusegun, Mcintyre, Neil, Cragg, Jame, Parker, Jody, Stewart, Duncan, Lintin, Luke, Tracy, Julia, Farooq, Tahir, Molina, George, Kaafarani, Haytham, Beyene, Robel, Sava, Jack, Scott, Mark, Swaroop, Mamta, Kennedy, Raelene, Azodo, Ijeoma A, Heffernan, Daithi, Chun, Tristen, Stephen, Andrew, Sion, Melanie, Weinstein, Michael S., Punja, Viren, Bugaev, Nikolay, Goodstein, Monica, Razmdjou, Shadi, Etchill, Eric, Puyana, Juan Carlo, Kesinger, Matthew, Napolitano, Lena, To, Kathleen, Hemmila, Mark, Todd, Oliver, Jenner, Edward, Hoogakker, Ellen, Grizhja, Besmir, Ymeri, Shpetim, Galiqi, Gezim, Klappenbach, Roberto, Antezana, Diego, Beleño, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza, Costa, Cecilia, Sanchez, Belen, Aviles, Susan, Fermani, Claudio Gabriel, Balmaceda, Rubén, Villalobos, Santiago, Carmona, Juan Manuel, Hamill, Daniel, Deutschmann, Peter, Sandler, Simone, Cox, Daniel, Nataraja, Ram, Sharpin, Claire, Ljuhar, Damir, Gray, Demi, Haines, Morgan, Iyer, Dush, Niranjan, Nithya, D'Amours, Scott, Ashtari, Morvarid, Franco, Helena, Karim, Sabbir, Aman, Nowrin F., Estee, Mahnuma Mahfuz, Salma, Umme, Razzaque, Joyeta, Kanta, Tasnia Hamid, Tori, Sayeeda Aktar, Alamin, Shadid, Roy, Swapnil, Al Amin, Shadid, Karim, Rezaul, Haque, Muhtarima, Faruq, Amreen, Iftekhar, Farhana, O'Shea, Margaret, Padmore, Greg, Jonnalagadda, Ramesh, Litvin, Andrey, Filatau, Aliaksandr, Paulouski, Dzmitry, Shubianok, Maryna, Shachykava, Tatsiana, Khokha, Dziani, Khokha, Vladimir, Djivoh, Fernande, Dossou, Franci, Seto, Djifid Morel, Gbessi, Dansou Gaspard, Noukpozounkou, Bruno, Keke, Kpèmahouton René, Hodonou, Fred, Ahounou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane, Alihonou, Thierry, Dénakpo, Max, Ahlonsou, Germain, Bedada, Alemayehu Ginbo, Nsengiyumva, Carlo, Kwizera, Sandrine, Barendegere, Venerand, Choi, Philip, Jamal, Luai, Chen, Tzu‐Ling, Yip, Chingwan, Zapata, Felipe, Lanau, Maria Isabel Villega, Restrepo, Ivan Mendoza, Giraldo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo, Youssef, Mohamed, Thabet, Waleed, Sanad, Aly, Zaki, Ahmed, Abdel‐Hameed, Noran, Mostafa, Mohamed, Omar, Muhammad Fathi Waleed, Ghanem, Ahmed, Denewar, Adel, Emara, Eman, Rashad, Eman, Sakr, Ahmad, Elashry, Rehab, Emile, Sameh, Khafagy, Toqa, Elhamouly, Sara, Elfarargy, Arwa, Mohamed, Amna Mamdouh, Nagy, Ghada Saied, Esam, Abeer, Elwy, Eman, Hammad, Aya, Khallaf, Salwa, Ibrahim, Eman, Saidbadr, Ahmed, Moustafa, Ahmed, Mohammed, Amany Eldosouky, Elgheriany, Mohammed, Abdelmageed, Eman, Al Raouf, Eman Abd, Elbanby, Esraa Samir, Elmasry, Maha, Farahat, Mahitab Morsy, Mansor, Eman Yahya, Hegazy, Eman Magdy, Gamal, Esraa, Gamal, Heba, Kandil, Hend, Abdelrouf, Doaa Maher, Moaty, Mohamed, Gamal, Dina, El‐Sagheer, Nada, Salah, Mohamed, Magdy, Salma, Salah, Asmaa, Essam, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Badawy, Mahmoud, Ahmed, Sara, Mohamed, Mazed, Assal, Abdelrahman, Sleem, Mohamed, Ebidy, Mai, Elrazek, Aly Abd, Zahran, Diaaaldin, Adam, Nourhan, Nazir, Mohamed, Hassanein, Adel B, Ismail, Ahmed, Elsawy, Amira, Mamdouh, Rana, Mabrouk, Mohamed, Ahmed, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed, Alnaby, Mohamed Hassab, Magdy, Eman, Abd‐Elmawla, Manar, Fahim, Marwan, Mowafy, Bassant, Mahmoud, Moustafa Ibrahim, Allam, Meran, Alkelani, Muhammad, El Gendy, Noran Halim, Aboul‐Naga, Mariam Saad, El‐Din, Reham Alaa, Elgendy, Alyaa Halim, Ismail, Mohamed, Shalaby, Mahmoud, Elsharkawy, Aya Adel, Moghazy, Mahmoud Elsayed, Elbisomy, Khaled Hesham, Shakshouk, Hend Adel Gawad, Hamed, Mohamed Fouad, Ebidy, Mai Mohamed, Ahmed, Hayam, Adel, Israa, Omar, Mohammad Elsayed, Ibrahim, Mohamed, Ghoneim, Omar, Hesham, Omar, Gamal, Shimaa, Hilal, Karim, Arafa, Omar, Awad, Sawsan Adel, Salem, Menatalla, Elsherif, Fawzia Abdellatif, Elsabbagh, Nourhan, Aboelsoud, Moustafa R., Rida, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad, Hossameldin, Amr, Hany, Ethar, Asar, Yomna Hosny, Anwar, Nourhan, Gadelkarim, Mohamed, Abdelhady, Samar, Morshedy, Eman Mohamed, Saad, Reham, Soliman, Nourhan, Salama, Mahmoud, Ezzat, Eslam, Mohamed, Arwa, Ibrahim, Arwa, Fergany, Alaa, Mohammed, Sara, Reda, Aya, Allam, Yomna, Saad, Hanan Adel, Abdelfatah, Afnan, Fathy, Aya Mohamed, El‐Sehily, Ahmed, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Hassan, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset, Mohammed, Ahmed Rabeih, Saad, Abdalla Gamal, Ibrahim, Arij, Hassaan, Amr, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa, Elhoseny, Ghada, Magdy, Mohamed, Elkhalek, Esraa Abd, Zakaria, Yehia, Ezzat, Tarek, El Dahab, Ali Abo, Kelany, Mohamed, Arafa, Sara, Hassan, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Sleem, Ahmad Saber, Ahmed, Hussien, Abdelbadeai, Kholoud, Abdullah, Mohamed Abozed, Lokman, Muhammad Amsyar Auni, Bahar, Suraya, Abdelazeam, Anan Rady, Adelshone, Abdelrahman, Hasnan, Muhammad Bin, Zulkifli, Athirah, Kamarulzamil, Siti Nur Alia, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz, Latif, Aliang, Adnan, Ahmad Bin, Shaharuddin, Shahadatul, Majid, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul, Al‐Marakby, Dina, Ismail, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin, Basir, Elissa Rifhan Mohd, Ali, Citra Dewi Mohd, Ata, Aya Yehia, Nasr, Maha, Rezq, Asmaa, Sheta, Ahmed, Tariq, Sherif, Sallam, Abd Elkhalek, Darwish, Abdelrhman KZ, Elmihy, Sohaila, Elhadry, Shady, Farag, Ahmed, Hajeh, Haidar, Abdelaal, Abdelaziz, Aglan, Amro, Zohair, Ahmed, Essam, Mahitab, Moussa, Omar, El‐Gizawy, Esraa, Samy, Mostafa, Ali, Safia, Elhalawany, Esraa, Ata, Ahmed, El Halawany, Mohamed, Nashat, Mohamed, Soliman, Samar, Elazab, Alaa, Samy, Mostada, Abdelaziz, Mohamed A, Ibrahim, Khaled, Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed, Gado, Ammar, Eldeen, Esraa Alm, loaloa, Mohamed Reda, Abouzaid, Arwa, Eldin, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa, Hashad, Eman, Sroor, Fathy, Gamil, Doaa, Abdulhakeem, Eman Mahmoud, Zakaria, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Fawzy, Abubakr, Marwan, Ali, Elsayed, Magdy, Hesham, Ramadan, Menna Tallah, Mohamed, Mohamed Abdelaty, Mansour, Salma, Amin, Hager Abdul Aziz, Mohamed, Ahmed Rabie, Saami, Mahmoud, Elsayed, Nada Ahmed Reda, Tarek, Adham, Mahmoud, Sabry Mohy Eldeen, El Sayed, Islam Magdy, Reda, Amira, Shawky, Martina Yusuf, Salem, Mohammed Mousa, El‐Din, Shahinaz Alaa, Soliman, Noha Abdullah, Talaat, Muhammed, Alaael‐Dein, Shahinaz, Elhusseiny, Ahmed Abd Elmoen, Abdullah, Noha, Elshaar, Mohammed, Ibraheem, Aya AbdelFatah, Abdulaziz, Hager, Ismail, Mohammed Kamal, Madkor, Mona Hamdy, Abdelaty, Mohamed, Abdel‐Kader, Sara Mahmoud, Salah, Osama Mohamed, Eldafrawy, Mahmoud, Eldeeb, Ahmed Zaki, Eid, Mostafa Mahmoud, Attia, Attia, Shwky, Ayman, Badenjki, Mohamed Adel, Soliman, Abdelrahman, Al Attar, Samaa Mahmoud, Sayed, Farrag, Sabour, Fahd Abdel, Azizeldine, Mohammed G., Shawqi, Muhammad, Hashim, Abdullah, Aamer, Ahmed, Abdelraouf, Ahmed Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Mahmoud, Ibrahim, Amal, Mahmoud, Basma, Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali, Qenawy, Mostafa, Rashed, Ahmed M., Dahy, Ahmed, Sayed, Marwa, Shamsedine, Ahmed W., Mohamed, Bakeer, Hasan, Ahmad, Saad, Mahmoud M., Bassit, Khalil Abdul, El‐Latif, Nadia Khalid Abd, Elzahed, Nada, El Kashash, Ahmed, Bekhet, Nada Mohamed, Hafez, Sarah, Gad, Ahmed, Maher, Mahmoud Elkhadragy, Elsameea, Ahmed Abd, Hafez, Mohamed, Sabe, Ahmad, Ahmed, Ataa, Shahine, Ahmed, Dawood, Khaled, Gaafar, Shireen, Husseiny, Reem, Aboelmagd, Omnia, Soliman, Ahmed, Mesbah, Nourhan, Emadeldin, Hossam, Al Meligy, Amgad, Bekhet, Amira Hassan, Hasan, Doaa, Alhady, Khaled, Sabe, Ahmad Khaled, Elnajjar, Mahmoud A., Aboelella, Majed, Hamsho, Ward, Hassan, Ihab, Saad, Hala, Abdelazim, Galaleldin, Mahmoud, Hend, Wael, Noha, Kandil, Ahmedali M, Magdy, Ahmed, Elkholy, Shimaa Said, Adel, Badr Eldin, Dabbour, Kareem, Elsherbiney, Saged, Mattar, Omar, Abdrabou, Abdulshafi Khaled, Aly, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed, Geuoshy, Abdelrahman, Elnagar, Ahmedglal, Ahmed, Saraibrahim, Abdelmotaleb, Ibrahem, Saleh, Amr Ahmed, Saeed, Manar, Mahmoud, Shady, Tawfik, Badreldin Adel, Ismail, Samar Adel, Zakaria, Esraay, Gad, Mariam O., Elhelbawy, Mohamed Salah, Bassem, Monica, Maraie, Noha, Elhadary, Nourhan Medhat, Semeda, Nourhan, Mohamed, Shaza Rabie, Bakry, Hesham Mohammed, Essam, AA, Tarek, Dina, Ashour, Khlood, Elhadad, Alaa, Abdel‐Aty, Abdulrahman, Rakha, Ibrahim, Matter, Sara Mamdouh, Abdelhamed, Rasha, Abdelkader, Omar, Hassaan, Ayat, Soliman, Yasmin, Mohamed, Amna, Farouk, Sara Amr Mohamed, Ibrahim, Eman Mohamed, El‐Taher, Esraa, Mostafa, Merna, Badr, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrou, Elsemelawy, Rofida, El‐Sawy, Aya, Bakr, Ahmad, Al Rafati, Ahmad Abdel Razaq, Saar, Sten, Reinsoo, Arvo, Seyoum, Nebyou, Worku, Tewodro, Fitsum, Agazi, Tolonen, Matti, Parmentier, 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Hope, Osei‐Nketiah, Samuel, Amoako, Joachim, Adu‐Aryee, Niiarmah, Appeadu‐Mensah, William, Bediako‐Bowan, Antoinette, Dedey, Florence, Ekow, Mattew, Akatibo, Emmanuel, Yakubu, Musah, Kordorwu, Hope Edem Kofi, Asare‐Bediako, Kwasi, Tackie, Enoch, Aaniana, Kenneth, Acquah, Emmanuel, Opoku‐Agyeman, Richard, Avoka, Anthony, Kusi, Kwasi, Maison, Kwame, Gyamfi, Frank Enoch, Barnabas, Gandau Naa, Abdul‐Latif, Saiba, Amoako, Philip Taah, Davor, Anthony, Dassah, Victor, Dagoe, Enoch, Kwakyeafriyie, Prince, Akoto, Elliot, Ackom, Eric, Mensah, Ekow, Atkins, Ebenezer Takyi, Coompson, Christian Lari, Ivros, Nikolao, Ferousis, Christoforo, Kalles, Vasileio, Kyriazanos, Ioanni, Barkolias, Christo, Tselos, Angelo, Tzikos, Georgio, Voulgaris, Evangelo, Bamicha, Athanasia, Stefanopoulos, Anastasio, Patoulias, Ioanni, Sfougaris, Dimitrio, Valioulis, Ioanni, Balalis, Dimitrio, Korkolis, Dimitrio, Manatakis, Dimitrios K, Kyrou, Georgio, Karabelias, Georgio, Papaskarlatos, Iason‐Antonio, Konstantina, 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E., Jasaitis, Kristijona, Parseliunas, Audriu, Nevieraite, Viktorija, Slapelyte, Evelina, Dainius, Edvina, Subocius, Andreju, Venclauskas, Lina, Gulbinas, Antana, Kasputyte, Simona, Mikuckyte, Deimante, Kiudelis, Mindauga, Jankus, Toma, Petrikenas, Stepona, Pažuskis, Mata, Urniežius, Zigmanta, Vilčinskas, Manta, Banaitis, Vincas Jona, Gaižauskas, Vytauta, Grisin, Edvard, Mazrimas, Povila, Drungilas, Manta, Lagunavicius, Karoli, Lipnickas, Vytauta, Majauskyté, Dovilè, Abaliksta, Toma, Uščinas, Laimona, Simutis, Gintara, Ladukas, Adoma, Danys, Donata, Sruogiene, Elena Zdanyte, Višinskas, Petra, Žilinskienė, Reda, Dragatas, Deivida, Burmistrovas, Andriu, Tverskis, Zygimanta, Vaicius, Artura, Mazelyte, Ruta, Zadoroznas, Antana, Žiubrytė, Greta, Rahantasoa, Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence, Samison, Luc Hervé, Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Fanjandrainy, Tolotra, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina, Mukuzunga, Corneliu, Kwatiwani, Chimwemwe, Msiska, Nelson, Chai, Feng Yih, Asilah, Siti Mohd Desa, Syibrah, Khuzaimah Zahid, Chin, Pui Xin, Riswan, Nur Zulaika, Chong, Hoong‐Yin, Aziz, Nora Abdul, Poh, Keat‐Seong, Chai, Chu‐Ann, Kumar, Sandip, Taher, Mustafa Mohammed, Aziz, Dayang Nita Abdul, Julaihi, Rokayah, Jethwani, Durvesh Lacthman, Yahaya, Muhammad Taqiyuddin, Mathew, Susan Wndy, Chung, Kuet Jun, Nirumal, Milaksh Kumar, Tze, R. Goh Ern, Ali, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan, Gan, Yiing Yee, Ting, Jesse Ron Swire, Sii, Samuel S. Y., Koay, Kean Leong, Tan, Yi Koon, Cheah, Alvin Ee Zhiun, Wong, Chui Yee, Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Tuan, Chow, Crystal Yern Nee, Har, Prisca A.L., Der, Yishan, Henry, Fitjerald, Low, Xinwei, Neo, Ya Theng, Heng, Hian Ee, Kong, Shu Ning, Gan, Cheewei, Mok, Yi Ting, Tan, Yee Wen, Palayan, Kandasami, Tata, Mahadevan Deva, Cheong, Yih Jeng, Gunaseelan, Kuhaendran, 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Wan Nurul, Yoganathan, Pigeneswaren, Lee, Eu Xian, Saw, Jian Er, Yeang, Li Jing, Koh, Pei Ying, Lim, Shyang Yee, Teo, Shuang Yi, Grech, Nicole, Magri, Daniela, Cassar, Kristina, Mizzi, Christine, Falzon, Malcolm, Shaikh, Nihaal, Scicluna, Ruth, Zammit, Stefan, Mizzi, Sean, Brincat, Svetlana Dori, Tembo, Thelma, Le, Vu Thanh Hien, Grima, Tara, Sammut, Keith, Carabott, Kurt, Zarb, Ciskje, Navarro, Andre, Dimech, Thea, Camilleri, Georgette Marie, Bertuello, Isaac, Dalli, Jeffrey, Bonavia, Karl, Corro‐Diaz, Samantha, Manriquez‐Reyes, Marisol, Abdelhamid, Amina, Hrora, Abdelmalek, Benammi, Sarah, Bachri, Houda, Abbouch, Meryem, Boukhal, Khaoula, Bennai, Redouane Mammar, Belkouchi, Abdelkader, Jabal, Mohamed Sobhi, Benyaiche, Chaymae, Vermaas, Maarten, Duinhouwer, Lucia, Pastora, Javier, Wood, Greta, Merlo, Maria Soledad, Ajao, Akinlabi, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, Lawal, Taiwo, Abdurrazzaaq, Abdussemiu, Alada, Muslimat, Nasir, Abdulrasheed, Habeeb, Olufemi, Mendel, Henry, Bello, Bashir, Muktar, Umar, Olajide, Thomas Olagboyega, Oshati, Oyindamola, Ihediwa, George, Adenekan, Babajide, Nwinee, Victor, Lawal, Abdulrazzaq, Bode, Chri, Olugbemi, Mojolaoluwa, Odutola, Oluwatomi, Adebola, Oluwaseyi, Onuoha, Clement, Balogun, Fatai, Ajai, Olalekan, Njokanma, Iloba, Kache, Stephen, Ajah, Jonathan, Makama, Jerry, Adamu, Ahmed, Baba, Suleiman, Aliyu, Mohammad, Aliyu, Shamsudeen, Ukwenya, Yahaya, Aliyu, Halima, Sholadoye, Tunde, Daniyan, Muhammad, Ogunsua, Oluseyi, Sheshe, Abdurrahaman, Mshelbwala, Philip, Samson, Garba, Timothy, Oyediran Kehinde, Samuel, Sani Ali, Ajiboye, Anthony, Amole, Isaac, Abiola, Olajide, Olaolorun, Akin, Veen, Torhild, Kanani, Arezo, Styles, Kristian, Herikstad, Ragnar, Larsen, Johannes Wiik, Søreide, Jon Arne, Jensen, Elisabeth, Gran, Mad, Aahlin, Eirik Kju, Gaarder, Tina, Monrad‐Hansen, Peter Wiel, Næss, Pål Aksel, Lauzikas, Giedriu, Wiborg, Joachim, Holte, Silje, Augestad, Knut Magne, Banipal, Gurpreet Singh, Moe, Thomas Teten, Schultz, Johannes Kurt, Al‐taher, Taher, Hamdan, Ayah, Salman, Ayman, Saadeh, Rana, Musleh, Aseel, Jaradat, Dana, Abushamleh, Soha, Hanoun, Sakhaa, Qumbos, Amjad Abu, Hamarshi, Aseel, Taher, Ayman And, Qawasmi, Israa, Qurie, Khalid, Altarayra, Marwa, Ghannam, Mohammad, Shaheen, Alaa, Herebat, Azher, Abdelhaq, Aram, Shalabi, Ahmad, Abu‐toyour, Maram, Asi, Fatema, Shamasneh, Ala, Atiyeh, Anwar, Mustafa, Mousa, Zaa'treh, Rula, Dabboor, Majd, Alaloul, Ena, Baraka, Heba, Meqbil, Jehad, Al‐Buhaisi, Alaa, Elshami, Mohamedraed, Afana, Samah, Jaber, Sahar, Alyacoubi, Said, Abuowda, Yousef, Idress, Tasneem, Abuqwaider, Eman, Al‐saqqa, Sara, Bowabsak, Alaa, El Jamassi, Alaa, Hasanain, Doaa, Al‐farram, Hadeel, Salah, Maram, Firwana, Aya, Hamdan, Marwa, Awad, Israa, Ashour, Ahmad, Al Barrawi, Fayez Elian, Al‐khatib, Ahmed, Al‐faqawi, Maha, Fares, Mohamed, Elmashala, Amjad, Adawi, Mohammad, Adawi, Ihdaa, Khreishi, Reem, Khreishi, Rose, ashour, Ahmad, Ghaben, Ahed, Nadeem, Najwa, Saqlain, Muhammad, Abbasy, Jibran, Alvi, Abdul Rehman, Shahzad, Noman, Butt, Muhammad Talha, Asaat ul Razi, Syed, Ahmed, Asdaq, Niazi, Ali Khan, Raza, Ibrahim, Baluch, Fatima, Raza, Ahmed, Bani‐Sadar, Ahmad, Adil, Muhammad, Raza, Awai, Javaid, Mahnoor, Waqar, Muhammad, Khan, Maryam Ali, Arshad, Mohammad Mohsin, Amjad, Mohammadasim, Cardozo, Jorge Torre, Roche, Marcelo O'Higgin, Servin, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen, Lopez, Larissa Ines Páez, Cardozo, Ramón Augusto Melo, Espinoza, Fernando, Rojas, Angel David Pérez, Sanchez, Diana, Samaniego, Camila Sanchez, Torres, Shalon Guevara, Calua, Alexander Canta, Razuri, Cesar, Ortiz, Nadia, Rodriguez, Xianelle, Carrasco, Nahilia, Saravia, Fridiz, Miyasato, Hector Shibao, Valcarcel‐Saldaña, María, Bermúdez, Ysabel Esthefany Alejo, Carpio, Juan, Panez, Walter Ruiz, Orbegozo, Pedro Angel Toribio, Dueñas, Carolina Guzmán, Espinoza, Kevin Turpo, Barrantes, Ana Maria Sandoval, Bravo, Jorge Armando Chungui, Fuentes‐Rivera, Lorena, Fernández, Carmen, Málaga, Bárbara, Ye, Joselyn, Velasquez, Ricardo, Salcedo, Jannin, Contreras‐Vergara, Ana Lucia, Mejia, Angelica Genoveva Vergara, Montejo, Maria Soledad Gonzale, Salas, Marilia Del Carmen Escalante, Ticona, Willy Alcca, Vargas, Marvin, Sila, George Christian Manrique, Mas, Robinson, Pilar Paucar, Arazzelly, Velásquez, Armando José Román, Robledo‐Rabanal, Alina, Solis, Ludwing Alexander Zeta, Espinoza, Kenny Turpo, Hamaguchi, José Luis Hamasaki, Farfan, Erick Samuel Florez, Barrientos, Linda Alvi Madrid, Matta, Juan Jaime Herrera, Mora, John Jemuel V., Redota, Menold Archee P., Roxas, Manuel Francisco, Maño, Maria Jesusa B., Parreno‐Sacdalan, Marie Dione, Almanon, Christel Leanne, Walędziak, Maciej, Roszkowski, Rafał, Janik, Michał, Lasek, Anna, Radkowiak, Dorota, Rubinkiewicz, Mateusz, Fernandes, Cristina, Muntean, Liviu, Popa, Mariuca, Mircea, Hogea, Diaconescu, Bogdan, Bratu, Matei Razvan, Negoi, Ionut, Ciubotaru, Cezar, Uzabumwana, Norbert, Duhoranenayo, Dieudonne, Idris, Faisal, Alghamdi, Mohammed Saleh A., Maghrabi, Ashraf, Alkaaki, Aroub, Turkustani, Sondo, Khalifah, Eyad, Albiety, Adel, Sahel, Sarah, Alshareef, Reham, Alzahrani, Mohammed Najjar Ahmed, Alghamdi, Ahmed, Alhazmi, Wedyan, Al Saied, Ghiath, Alamoudi, Mohammed, Riaz, Muhammed Masood, Alhassan, Basmah, Altamimi, Abdullah, Alyahya, Reem, Al Subaie, Norah, Al Bastawis, Fatema, Khan, Roaa, Radojkovic, Milan, Jeremic, Ljiljana, Nestorovic, Milica, Law, Jia Hao, Tan, Keith Say Kwang, Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat, Tan, Joel Kin, Joel, Lau Wen Liang, Chan, Xue Wei, Leong, Faith Qi Hui, Chong, Choon Seng, Koh, Sharon, Lee, Kai Yin, Lee, Kuok Chung, Pluke, Kent, Dedekind, Britta, Nashidengo, Puyearashid, Hampton, Mark Ian, Joosten, Johanna, Sobnach, Sanju, Roodt, Liana, Sander, Anthony, Pape, Jame, Maistry, Niveshni, Ndwambi, Phumudzo, Kinandu, Kamau, Du Toit, Frederick, Ellison, Quinn, Burger, Sule, Grobler, DC, Khulu, Lawrence Bongani, Leusink, Astrid, Kariem, Nazmie, Gouws, Juan, Chu, Kathryn, Bougard, Heather, Noor, Fazlin, Dell, Angela, Van Straten, Stephanie, Khamajeet, Arvin, Tshisola, Serge Kapenda, Kabongo, Kalangu, Moodley, Yoshan, Anderson, Frank, Madiba, Thandinkosi, Plooy, Flip, Hartford, Leila, Chilton, Gareth, Karjiker, Parveen, Mabitsela, Matlou Ernest, Ndlovu, Sibongile Ruth, Badicel, Maria, Jaich, Robert, Ruiz‐Tovar, Jaime, Garcia‐Florez, Lui, Otero‐Díez, Jorge L., Pérez, Virginia Ramo, Suárez, Nuria Aguado, García, Javier Minguez, Moreno, Sara Corral, Collado, Maria Vicenta, Carneros, Virginia Jiménez, Septiem, Javier García, Gonzalez, Mariana, Picardo, Antonio, Esteban, Enrique, Ferrero, Esther, Espin‐Basany, Eloy, Blanco‐Colino, Ruth, Andriola, Valeria, Contreras, Elisa, Bernardo, Carmen García, Sanz, Sandra, León, Alberto Miyar, Dorismé, Asnel, Rodicio, Joselui, Suarez, Aida, Stuva, Jessica, Vico, Tamara Diaz, Fernandez‐Vega, Laura, Soldevila‐Verdeguer, Carla, Sena‐Ruiz, Fatima, Pujol‐Cano, Natalia, Diaz‐Jover, Paula, Garcia‐Perez, José Maria, Segura‐Sampedro, Juan Jose, Pineño‐Flores, Cristina, Ambrona‐Zafra, David, Craus‐Miguel, Andrea, Jimenez‐Morillas, Patricia, Mazzella, Angela, Jayathilake, A.B, Thalgaspitiya, S.P.B, Wijayarathna, L.S., Wimalge, P.M.S.N., Sanni, Hakeem Ayomi, Okenabirhie, Ogheneochuko, Homeida, Anmar, Younis, Abobaker, Omer, Omer Abdelbagi, Abdulaziz, Mustafa, Mussad, Ali, Adam, Ali, Sokratous, Aresti, Breistrand, Michaela, Sigurdadottir, Johanna, Nikberg, Maziar, Chabok, Abba, Elbe, Peter, Saraste, Deborah, Rutkowski, Wiktor, Forlin, Louise, Niska, Karoliina, Oswald, Denni, Peros, Georgio, Bluelle, Rafael, Reinisch, Katharina, Frey, Daniel, Palma, Adrian, Zumbühl, Luciu, Werder, Gabriela, Mahanty, Silke, Widmer, Lukas Werner, Müller, Julia, Gübeli, Alissa, Zuk, Grzegorz, Gulcicek, Osman Bilgin, Vartanoglu, Talar, Kose, Emin, Karahan, Servet Rustu, Aydin, Mehmet Can, Sahbaz, Nuri Alper, Halicioglu, Ilkay, Alis, Halil, Sapci, Ipek, Adıyaman, Can, Pektaş, Ahmet Murat, Cengiz, Turgut Bora, Tansoker, Ilkan, Işler, Vedatcan, Cevik, Muazzez, Mutlu, Deniz, Ozben, Volkan, Ozmen, Berk Bari, Bayram, Sefa, Yolcu, Sinem, Kobal, Berna Buse, Toto, Ömer Faruk, Çakaloğlu, Haluk Cem, Karabulut, Kagan, Mutlu, Vahit, Celik, Saban, Semiz, Anil, Bodur, Selim, Gül, Enisburak, Murutoglu, Busra, Yildirim, Reyyan, Baki, Bahadir Emre, Arslan, Ekin, Ulusahin, Mehmet, Guner, Ali, Walker, Nathan, Shrimanker, Nikhita, Cole, Simon, Breslin, Ryan, Srinivasan, Ravi, Hunter, Kristina, Al‐Bahrani, Ahmed, Mairs, Nora Grace, Rocke, Alistair, Dick, Lachlan, Qureshi, Mobeen, Chowdhury, Debkumar, Wright, Naomi, Skerritt, Clare, Kufeji, Dorothy, Ho, Adrienne, Dissanayake, Tharindra, Tennakoon, Athula, Ali, Wadah, Tan, Charlene, O'Neill, Stephen, Knight, Stephen, Nassif, Dima, Sharma, Abhishek, White, Rebecca, Mehdi, Aia, Post, Nathan, Kalakouti, Eliana, Dashnyam, Enkhbat, Stourton, Frederick, Mykoniatis, Ioanni, Wong, Francisca, Gupta, Ashish, Shatkar, Veeranna, Kadiwar, Suraj, Smedley, Alexander, Wakefield, Rebecca, Herrod, Philip, Blackwell, Jame, Cohen, Fraser, Bandi, Ashwath, Bond‐Smith, Gile, Farhangmehr, Neda, Perenyei, Miklo, Ireland, Philip, Bowling, Kirk, Bunting, David, Longstaff, Lydia, Keogh, Kenneth, Jeon, Hyunjin, Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih, Khosla, Shivun, Jeffery, Anna, Perera, Jame, Alhammali, Tariq, Oram, Shaun, Kidd, Thoma, Cullen, Fraser, Owen, Christopher, Wilson, Michael, Chiu, Seehui, Sarafilovic, Hannah, Ploski, Jennifer, Evans, Elizabeth, Abbas, Athar, Kamya, Sylvia, Ishak, Norzawani, Bisset, Carly, Andress, Cedar, Chin, Ye Ru, Patel, Priya, Evans, David, Haslegrave, Aidan, Boggon, Adam, Laurie, Kirsten, Mann, Thoma, Mansuri, Anahita, Davies, Rachel, Shahbaz, Aized Raza, Eng, Calvin, Din, Farhat, L'Heveder, Ariadne, Park, Esther H.G., Ravishankar, Ramanish, McIntosh, Kirsten, Yau, Jih Dar, Chan, Luke, McGarvie, Susan, Tang, Lingshan, Lim, Hui, Yap, Suhhuey, Park, Jay, Ng, Zhan Herr, Mirza, Shahrukh, Ang, Yun Lin, Walls, Luke, Roy, Chloe, Paterson‐Brown, Simon, Mclean, Kenneth, D'Souza, Michelle S, Pronin, Savva, Henshall, David Ewart, Ter, Eunice Zuling, English, William, Morgan, Catrin, Townsend, Dominic, Maciejec, Laura, Mahdi, Shareef, Akpenyi, Onyinye, Hall, Elisabeth, Caydiid, Hanaan, Rob, Zakaria, Abbott, Tom, Torrance, Hew D, Johnston, Robin, Gani, Mohammed Akil, Rajmohan, Shivanchan, Majid, Kiran, Smith, Christopher, Palliyil, Madanmohan, Patel, Sanjay, Nicholson, Luke, Harvey, Neil, Shillito, Sam, Kershaw, Suzanne, Bamford, Rebecca, Orton, Peter, Reunis, Elke, Jama, Guled M., Dhillon, Dharminder, Patel, Khyati, Nanthakumaran, Shayanthan, Heard, Rachel, Chen, Kar Yan, Barmayehvar, Behrad, Datta, Uttaran, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, Tani, Sobhana Iftekhar, Donnelly, Philippa, Walker, Michael, Blacker, Sarah, Kaul, Anil, Paramasivan, Arjun, Farag, Sameh, Nessa, Ashrafun, Awadallah, Salwa, Lim, Jieqi, Ng, James Chean Khun, Kiran, Ravi P., Murray, Alice, Dasari, Mohini, Puyana, Juan, Haddad, Nadeem, Zielinski, Martin, Choudhry, Asad, Caliman, Celeste, Beamon, Mieshia, Duane, Therese, Myers, Jonathan, Deal, Rebecca, Makupe, Alex, Musowoya, Joseph, Van Der Naald, Niel, Kumwenda, Dayson, Reece‐Smith, Alex, Otten, Kar, Verbeek, Anna, Prins, Marloe, Suarez, Alibeth Andres Baquero, Deane, Chelsea, Dijan, Emilio, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Koskenvuo, Laura, Thollot, Aurore, Limoges, Bernard, Capito, Carmen, Alexandre, Challine, Kotobi, Henri, Leroux, Julien, Pinnagoda, Kalitha, Henric, Nicola, Azzis, Olivier, Rosello, Olivier, Francois, Poddevin, Etienne, Sara, Buisson, Philippe, Hmila, Sophian, Clegg‐Lamptey, Joe‐Nat, Imoro, Osman, Abem, Owusu Emmanuel, Papageorgiou, Dimitrio, Soulou, Vasiliki, Asturias, Sabrina, Peña, Lenin, O'Connor, Donal B, Luc, Alberto Reali, Russo, Alfio Alessandro, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Taddei, Antonio, Cona, Camilla, Bottini, Corrado, Pascale, Giovanni, Rotunno, Giuseppe, Solaini, Leonardo, Pascale, Marco Maria, Notarnicola, Margherita, Corbellino, Mario, Sacco, Michele, Ubiali, Paolo, Cautiero, Roberto, Bocchetti, Tommaso, Muzio, Elena, Guglielmo, Vania, Morandi, Eugenio, Mao, Patrizio, De Luca, Emilia, Ali, Farah Mahmoud, Žilinskas, Justa, Kondrotas, Pauliu, Baltrunas, Roberta, Kutkevicius, Juoza, Ignatavicius, Povila, Tan, Choy Ling, Siaw, Jia Yng, Yam, Sir Young, Wilson, Ling, Aziz, Mohamed Rezal Abdul, Bondin, John, Zorrilla, Carmina Diaz, Majbar, Ana, Sale, Danjuma, Abdullahi, Lawal, Osagie, Olabisi, Faboya, Omolara, Fatuga, Adedeji, Taiwo, Agboola, Nwabuoku, Emeka, Bliksøen, Marte, Khan, Zain Ali, Coronel, Jazmin, Miranda, Cesar, Vasquez, Idelso, Helguero‐Santin, Luis M., Rickard, Jennifer, Adedeji, Adesina, Alqahtani, Saleh, Rath, Max, Van Niekerk, Michael, Koto, Modise Zacharia, Matos‐Puig, Roel, Israelsson, Leif, Schuetz, Tobia, Yuksek, Mahmut Arif, Mericliler, Meric, Uluşahin, Mehmet, Yong, Guo Liang, Whitehurst, Katharine, Redgrave, Natalie, Musyoka, Caroluce K, Olivier, Jame, Lee, Kathryn, Cox, Michael, Farhan‐Alanie, Muhamed M H, Callan, Rory, Chibuye, Chali, Ali, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed, Rekhis, Syrine, Rommaneh, Muna, Sam, Zi Hao, Chen, Jacky Hong Chieh, Roi, Dylan, Pugliesi, Thays Brunelli, Pardo, Gabriel, Blanco, Ruth, Escobar, Eugenio Grasset, GlobSurg Collaboration, Group, and Sileri, P
Subjects: Male, modelos logísticos, medicine.medical_treatment, humanos, surgial care, Colorectal Neoplasm, países desarrollados, Logistic regression, outcomes, Global Health, urgencias médicas, 0302 clinical medicine, países en desarrollo, Surgical, estudios prospectivos, Colostomy, 80 and over, globalsurg, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Multivariate Analysi, mediana edad, Cancer, Aged, 80 and over, Emergencie, anciano, Anastomosis, colorectal resection, colostomy, Anastomosis, Surgical, General Medicine, Middle Aged, adulto, colostomy, colorectal cancer, human developlment index, 3. Good health, Colo-Rectal Cancer, traditional healers, Elective Surgical Procedures, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Colorectal Neoplasms, 6.4 Surgery, low income, Cohort study, Human, Developed Countrie, Adult, Aged, Emergencies, Humans, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, medicine.medical_specialty, neoplasias colorrectales, Logistic Model, cancer, anastomosis, surgical, income, stomas, colostomy procedure, colorectal resection, end colostomy, emergency surgical procedure, human development index, delay, Anastomosis, Perforation (oil well), lcsh:Surgery, GlobalSurg Collaborative, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Case mix index, Clinical Research, medicine, cancer, análisis multifactorial, emergency abdominal surgery, low income, surgial care, traditional healers, cancer, mortality, outcomes, delay, Elective Surgical Procedure, business.industry, Kirurgi, left colon resection, anastomosis, end colostomy, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, lcsh:RD1-811, Odds ratio, mortality, Surgery, Prospective Studie, business, Digestive Diseases, colostomía, emergency abdominal surgery
Abstract: Background: End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods: This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results: In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6.9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15.5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77.6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57.5, 40.9 and 35.4 per cent; P, Medical Research Council, MR/N022114/1; National Institute for Health Research, 16/136/79
Published: 2019

10. Mortality of the Severely Obese: A Population Study

Author: Simon Erridge, Osama Moussa, Swathikan Chidambaram, Sanjay Purkayastha, Ara Darzi, Paul Ziprin, National Institute of Health Research, and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Survival rate, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Proportional Hazards Models, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Hazard ratio, Case-control study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Obesity, United Kingdom, Obesity, Morbid, Survival Rate, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Case-Control Studies, Population study, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Female, business, Body mass index
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the Clinical Practice Research Datalink to identify the prognostic factors of all-cause mortality in the severely obese. BACKGROUND: Patients who are severely obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m] are at increased risk of all-cause mortality as a result of metabolic sequelae including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce the severity of the metabolic complications of obesity. METHOD: A case-controlled analysis was carried out of patients with a BMI of 35 kg/m or more from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a UK database of primary care clinics. Clinicopathological characteristics at baseline diagnosis were extracted. Cases of all-cause mortality were identified as a clinical endpoint. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for different patient factors. A P value less than 0.050 was defined as significant. RESULTS: A total of 187,061 records were identified for analysis. Median follow-up time was 98.0 months (range: 3.0-1095.0). A total of 8655(4.6%) were identified as having died during the study period. The median time from baseline obesity diagnosis until death was 137.0 months (range: 3.0-628.7). Multivariate analysis found bariatric surgery to be associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.487; P < 0.001). The following were associated with increased risk of death: male sex (HR: 1.805; P < 0.001), BMI of 60 or greater (HR: 2.541; P < 0.001), hypertension (HR: 2.108; P < 0.001), diabetes (HR: 2.766; P < 0.001), and hyperlipidemia (HR: 1.641; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Factors such as high BMI, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension at first diagnosis of severe obesity were each independently associated with an increased risk of death. Bariatric surgery was shown to be associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Improving access to bariatric surgery and public health campaigns can improve the prognosis of severely obese patients.
Published: 2019

11. The management and referral of iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis in North West London

Author: Mimi Li, James Bryan, R. Goodson, Srishti Chhabra, K. Sun, Clifford Lek, Joanna K L Wong, Husein Rajabali, Andrew Busuttil, Alun H. Davies, L Pay, Simon Erridge, Kaywaan Khan, Saniya Mediratta, Nikhil Math, Apichaya Amrapala, Swathikan Chidambaram, Kayla Chiew, and National Institute for Health Research
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, VEIN THROMBOSIS, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Iliac Vein, 0302 clinical medicine, Post-thrombotic syndrome, London, Thrombolytic Therapy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Referral and Consultation, RISK, Aged, 80 and over, Venous Thrombosis, Medical record, Thrombolysis, Middle Aged, Iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, Venous thrombosis, Treatment Outcome, CAVENT, Cohort, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Female, Guideline Adherence, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Referral, POSTTHROMBOTIC SYNDROME, CATHETER-DIRECTED THROMBOLYSIS, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Aged, Science & Technology, business.industry, Anticoagulants, Emergency department, Femoral Vein, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Emergency medicine, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, Surgery, Complication, business
Abstract: Background Post-thrombotic syndrome is a common complication of iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (IFDVT). Existing evidence and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines suggest that this can be reduced by prompt thrombolytic therapy or thrombectomy. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of IFDVT patients and to identify whether patients are being offered the recommended treatment pathway. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted across eight hospital sites in the North West London region, of which two were hub hospitals in their local vascular service networks. Patients with proximal DVT were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision coding during a 1-year period. Data on demographics, diagnostic methods used, interventions, and referrals were extracted from electronic and paper medical records. Results During the study period, 132 patients with IFDVT were identified (mean age, 59.4 years; 55% female); 75% of these patients had an IFDVT. In this cohort, the biggest predisposing factors were previous DVT (n = 35), malignant disease (n = 35), and immobility (n = 20). In total, 104 patients were administered anticoagulation, and 88 of these patients received anticoagulation within 24 hours. The cases of 45 patients were either discussed with or promptly referred to a vascular service, after which 20 patients were treated solely with anticoagulation, whereas 20 patients received thrombolysis of varying methods. Conclusions A significant proportion (56%) of symptomatic IFDVT patients are not being appropriately referred to or discussed with vascular services. Of these, 43% would have been eligible for consideration of early thrombus removal. Adherence to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines could be improved by increasing awareness among emergency department colleagues.
Published: 2019

12. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Skills Transfer: From Touch Surgery to Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Author: Simon Erridge, Daniel R. Leff, Sanjay Purkayastha, and Swathikan Chidambaram
Subjects: Adult, Male, Medical education, medicine.medical_specialty, Swine, IMPROVE, Surgical training, Touch Surgery, law.invention, Simulation training, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Intervention (counseling), Task Performance and Analysis, COGNITIVE TASK-ANALYSIS, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Simulation Training, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, VIRTUAL-REALITY SIMULATION, Science & Technology, business.industry, Significant difference, 1103 Clinical Sciences, PERFORMANCE, United Kingdom, Cognitive training, Surgery, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Models, Animal, Task analysis, TECHNICAL-SKILLS, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Clinical Competence, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Simulation, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background Surgical training has traditionally involved teaching trainees in the operating room. However, intraoperative training is time-intensive and exposes patients to greater risks. Touch Surgery (TS) is an application that uses animation to provide simulation training via cognitive task analysis as an adjunct to intraoperative training. Methods Forty students were recruited and randomly allocated to either a control or intervention group. Each group received the same preparation before intervention, including a 10-min introduction to laparoscopic equipment and a 15-min educational tutorial on laparoscopic cholecystectomies. The participants then received training via either TS (intervention) or written information (control). Their performance was compared using a validated scoring tool on a porcine laparoscopic cholecystectomy model. Significance was defined as P Results In total, n = 22 and n = 18 participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between age (P = 0.320), year of medical school (P = 0.322), handedness (P = 1.000), or gender (P = 0.360) of the groups. The overall mean performance score was higher for intervention (mean ± SD = 41.9 ± 22.5) than control (mean ± SD = 24.7 ± 19.6; P = 0.016). There was no significant difference between scores for each intraoperative segment between the intervention and control group (P > 0.050). Conclusions This study demonstrates that TS is effective for providing cognitive training in laparoscopic cholecystectomies to medical students. It is likely that this effect will be seen across modules and other platforms that use cognitive task analysis alongside high-fidelity animation. Further work is necessary to extend this to other surgical procedures for evaluating its longitudinal effectiveness.
Published: 2019

13. Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis versus intramedullary nail fixation for closed distal tibial fractures: a meta-analysis of the clinical outcomes

Author: Shaocheng Ma, Denise Eigenmann, Swathikan Chidambaram, Gareth G. Jones, and En Lin Goh
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Percutaneous, Plate, Review Article, Clinical Outcomes, law.invention, Intramedullary rod, 03 medical and health sciences, Fixation (surgical), 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, lcsh:Orthopedic surgery, law, medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Malunion, 030222 orthopedics, Science & Technology, business.industry, ADULTS, medicine.disease, Surgery, SHAFT FRACTURES, lcsh:RD701-811, Plate osteosynthesis, Orthopedics, Meta-analysis, Orthopedic surgery, Distal Tibial Fractures, Intramedullary Nail, TRIAL, Ankle, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Meta-Analysis
Abstract: Introduction: Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) has emerged as a viable alternative for the treatment of distal tibial fractures. However, the clinical outcomes of this procedure compared to intramedullary (IM) nail fixation have yet to be established. The present meta-analysis aims to compare the clinical outcomes following MIPPO and IM nail fixation for closed distal tibial fractures. Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from date of inception to 10th April 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing MIPPO with IM nail fixation for closed and Gustilo Grade I distal tibial fractures were included. Outcomes assessed included time to union, complications and functional outcomes. Quality and risk of bias of the RCTs were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool. Results: Five RCTs comprising 497 patients were included. MIPPO was associated with a longer time to union (MD: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.26, 1.90, p = 0.010, I 2 = 84%) and increased risk of wound complications (RR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.46, p = 0.04, I 2 = 0%). Both MIPPO and IM nail fixation had comparable risks of malunion, delayed union, non-union and deep infections, with similar functional outcomes. Discussion: Compared to IM nail fixation, a MIPPO fixation technique for distal tibial fractures is associated with a longer time to fracture union and an increased risk of wound complications. Neither technique demonstrates a clear advantage with regard to risk of malunion/non-union, or functional outcome. Assuming equivalent surgical expertise with both techniques, the results suggest that IM nail fixation is the treatment modality of choice for these challenging fractures.
Published: 2018

14. Laparoscopic vs open hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis of the long-term survival outcomes

Author: Shaocheng Ma, Swathikan Chidambaram, and En Lin Goh
Subjects: Laparoscopic surgery, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Hepatocellular carcinoma, medicine.medical_treatment, Laparoscopic hepatectomy, Open hepatectomy, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Long term survival, medicine, Hepatectomy, Humans, In patient, Postoperative Period, Retrospective Studies, Hepatology, business.industry, Liver Neoplasms, 1103 Clinical Sciences, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Conversion to Open Surgery, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Meta-analysis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Female, Laparoscopy, Hepatobiliary, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business
Abstract: Background In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis, laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) confers short-term benefits over open hepatectomy (OH) but the long-term outcomes of this procedure are unclear. This systematic review aims to compare the long-term survival outcomes of LH and OH for patients with HCC and underlying cirrhosis. Methods EMBASE, MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched from date of inception to 7th October 2016. Controlled clinical studies comparing LH to OH for HCC in cirrhotic patients, which reported long-term overall and disease-free survival were included. The studies were evaluated using the MOOSE guidelines and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were extracted and analysed using a fixed-effects model. Results Five non-randomised, retrospective observational studies representing 888 patients were included. LH was associated with significantly lower tumour recurrence [OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.89]. LH conferred greater overall survival at 1- [HR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.68], 3- [HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.87] and 5-years [HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.80]. With LH, there was higher disease-free survival at 1-year [HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.96], but not at 3- [HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.14]; and 5-years [HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.04]. Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery is associated with comparable postoperative and survival outcomes in patients with HCC and underlying cirrhosis. With careful selection of patients, this approach is safe, feasible and advantageous.
Published: 2017

15. Subclinical developmental dysplasia of the hip could predispose to femoroacetabular impingement

Author: Swathikan Chidambaram, Simon Erridge, and En Lin Goh
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Research & Experimental Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Femoracetabular Impingement, Models, Biological, Weight-bearing, Weight-Bearing, 03 medical and health sciences, Femoral head, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Hip Dislocation, Humans, Computer Simulation, 030212 general & internal medicine, Femoroacetabular impingement, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Subclinical infection, 030222 orthopedics, Science & Technology, Evidence-Based Medicine, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Developmental dysplasia, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Surgery, Causality, medicine.anatomical_structure, Medicine, Research & Experimental, Asymptomatic Diseases, Etiology, Hip Joint, Premature osteoarthritis, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) are separate causes of premature osteoarthritis. There is a paucity of literature describing potential ways in which an individual can be predisposed to FAI. This hypothesis aims to outline how subclinical DDH may predispose a patient to FAI. In DDH the acetabular malformation of the hip joint alters the weight distribution superiorly in the loading axis. In accordance with Wolff's Law, we propose that this change in loading may result in the formation of protrusions on either the acetabular rim or femoral head and neck, predisposing to impingement of the hip during to certain movements and consequently, FAI. Should this hypothesis be proven it would help to reduce the incidence FAI by aiding the understanding of disease aetiology.
Published: 2017

16. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of whole-body computed tomography imaging in the management of trauma and injury

Author: Mansoor Khan, Swathikan Chidambaram, and En Lin Goh
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, MEDLINE, Psychological intervention, Computed tomography, Subgroup analysis, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Injury Severity Score, medicine, Humans, Whole Body Imaging, General Environmental Science, Cause of death, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple Trauma, Mortality rate, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Survival Rate, Meta-analysis, Emergency medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Observational study, Radiology, business, Emergency Service, Hospital, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract: Traumatic injury is the third leading cause of death overall. To optimize the outcomes in these patients, hospitals employ whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) imaging due to the high diagnostic yield and potential to identify missed injuries. However, this delays time-critical interventions. Currently, there is an absence of any high-level evidence to support or refute either view. We present a meta-analysis of the available literature to elucidate the efficacy of WBCT in improving the outcomes of trauma, specifically the mortality rate.A systematic review of studies comparing WBCT and selective CT imaging in secondary survey was conducted, using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Review and Scopus databases. The articles were evaluated for intervention using WBCT to reduce mortality rate, followed by subgroup analysis for other secondary measures, using Review Manager 5.3 software.Eleven studies of 32,207 patients were included. There were lower overall (OR=0.79; 95% CI 0.74,0.83, p0.05) and 24h mortality rates (OR=0.72, 95% CI 0.66,0.79, p0.05) in the WBCT cohort. Additionally, patients in the WBCT arm spent less time in the emergency room (MD=-14.81; 95% CI -17.02, -12.60, p0.00001) and needing ventilation (MD=-2.01; 95% CI -2.41, -1.62, p0.05) despite a higher baseline injury severity score.The analysis shows that WBCT is associated with better outcomes, including a lower overall and 24h mortality rate, however the included studies are mostly observational and show considerable heterogeneity. Further work is required to make definitive clinical recommendations for a tailored algorithm in managing trauma patients.
Published: 2017

17. The role of timely emergency care for hypotensive trauma patients

Author: En Lin Goh and Swathikan Chidambaram
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Emergency Medical Services, business.industry, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Emergency medicine, Medicine, Humans, Wounds and Injuries, Surgery, Medical emergency, Hypotension, business, Emergency Treatment
Published: 2017

18. Complex regional pain syndrome: a recent update

Author: Daqing Ma, En Lin Goh, and Swathikan Chidambaram
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Biomedical Engineering, Review, CRPS, Dermatology, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Pathophysiology, Terminology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Future therapy, 030202 anesthesiology, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, business.industry, medicine.disease, Treatment, Complex regional pain syndrome, Treatment modality, Emergency Medicine, Physical therapy, Surgery, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating condition affecting the limbs that can be induced by surgery or trauma. This condition can complicate recovery and impair one’s functional and psychological well-being. The wide variety of terminology loosely used to describe CRPS in the past has led to misdiagnosis of this condition, resulting in poor evidence-base regarding the treatment modalities available and their impact. The aim of this review is to report on the recent progress in the understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of CRPS and to discuss novel approaches in treating this condition.
Published: 2017

19. The Effect of Digital Health Intervention on Reducing Cardiovascular Risk

Author: En Lin Goh and Swathikan Chidambaram
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, MEDLINE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Digital health, Cardiovascular System, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Text mining, Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, Intervention (counseling), Family medicine, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2016

20. In-Hospital Mortality After Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Author: En Lin Goh and Swathikan Chidambaram
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Treatment outcome, MEDLINE, Hospital mortality, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 030230 surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, Aortic aneurysm, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, Hospital Mortality, In hospital mortality, business.industry, medicine.disease, Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Elective Surgical Procedures, Elective Surgical Procedure, business, Vascular Surgical Procedures, Abdominal surgery, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
Published: 2016

21. Effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery in the Remission of Type 2 Diabetes and Vascular Complications

Author: Swathikan Chidambaram and En Lin Goh
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Gastric bypass, Gastric Bypass, Bariatric Surgery, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Text mining, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Weight loss, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Weight Loss, medicine, Humans, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.symptom, business
Published: 2018

22. Important Limitations in Defining the Benefits of Bariatric Surgery for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Author: Swathikan Chidambaram and Simon Erridge
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Bariatric Surgery, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, Obesity, Morbid, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Text mining, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, medicine, Humans, Surgery, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, business
Published: 2016

23. The Link Between Cytokine Levels and Loss of Olfaction in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Author: En Lin Goh and Swathikan Chidambaram
Subjects: Chronic rhinosinusitis, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Olfaction, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cytokine, Otorhinolaryngology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunology, medicine, Surgery, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, business
Published: 2017

24. Nontechnical Factors in the Simulation of Ophthalmological Procedures

Author: Swathikan Chidambaram and En Lin Goh
Subjects: 03 medical and health sciences, Ophthalmology, 0302 clinical medicine, business.industry, Management science, 0206 medical engineering, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Medicine, 02 engineering and technology, business, 020601 biomedical engineering
Published: 2017

25. Differences in Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation in Women and Men

Author: En Lin Goh and Swathikan Chidambaram
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, MEDLINE, Atrial fibrillation, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Text mining, Sex factors, Internal medicine, Atrial Fibrillation, medicine, Cardiology, Humans, Female, Registries, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2017

26. Prognostic Factors of Survival in Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans

Author: Swathikan Chidambaram and En Lin Goh
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Skin Neoplasms, business.industry, Dermatofibrosarcoma, Dermatology, Prognosis, medicine.disease, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Internal medicine, Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, medicine, Humans, business
Published: 2016

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26 results on '"Swathikan, Chidambaram"'

1. Electrocautery, Diathermy, and Surgical Energy Devices

2. Clinical utility and applicability of circulating tumor DNA testing in esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

3. Outcomes of bariatric surgery in extreme obesity: results from the United Kingdom National Bariatric Surgery Registry for patients with a body mass index >70 kg/m2

4. Vasopressin vs noradrenaline: Have we found the perfect recipe to improve outcome in septic shock?

5. Risk Factors of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma beyond Alcohol and Smoking

6. SARS-CoV-2 and Obesity: 'CoVesity'—a Pandemic Within a Pandemic

7. What Has Been the Impact of Covid-19 on Safety Culture? A Case Study from a Large Metropolitan Healthcare Trust

8. Clinician-directed improvement in the accuracy of hospital clinical coding

9. Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

10. Mortality of the Severely Obese: A Population Study

11. The management and referral of iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis in North West London

12. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Skills Transfer: From Touch Surgery to Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

13. Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis versus intramedullary nail fixation for closed distal tibial fractures: a meta-analysis of the clinical outcomes

14. Laparoscopic vs open hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis of the long-term survival outcomes

15. Subclinical developmental dysplasia of the hip could predispose to femoroacetabular impingement

16. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of whole-body computed tomography imaging in the management of trauma and injury

17. The role of timely emergency care for hypotensive trauma patients

18. Complex regional pain syndrome: a recent update

19. The Effect of Digital Health Intervention on Reducing Cardiovascular Risk

20. In-Hospital Mortality After Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

21. Effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery in the Remission of Type 2 Diabetes and Vascular Complications

22. Important Limitations in Defining the Benefits of Bariatric Surgery for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

23. The Link Between Cytokine Levels and Loss of Olfaction in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

24. Nontechnical Factors in the Simulation of Ophthalmological Procedures

25. Differences in Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation in Women and Men

26. Prognostic Factors of Survival in Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans

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26 results on '"Swathikan, Chidambaram"'

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