1. How to Avoid False-Negative and False-Positive Diagnoses of Platelet Apoptosis: Illustrative Experimental and Clinically Relevant Cases
- Author
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Valery Leytin, John Freedman, and Armen V. Gyulkhandanyan
- Subjects
Blood Platelets ,Reviews ,Stimulation ,Apoptosis ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Bioinformatics ,diagnosis of platelet apoptosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,platelet activation ,Medicine ,Humans ,Platelet ,False Positive Reactions ,Platelet activation ,Medical diagnosis ,False Negative Reactions ,business.industry ,Hematology ,General Medicine ,platelet apoptosis ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Chemical agents ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,business - Abstract
Platelets may selectively execute apoptosis (PL-Apo), activation (PL-Act), and both or no responses when exposed to different chemical agents, shear stresses, and stored under blood banking conditions. Appropriate diagnosis of PL-Apo is an important issue of platelet physiology investigations. However, in diagnosing PL-Apo, there is a risk of a false-negative or false-positive diagnosis. The goal of the current review is to present recommendations that may help to avoid incorrect PL-Apo diagnosis. Analyzing reported studies, we recommend (1) using platelet-rich plasma rather than isolated platelets to minimize artificial stimulation of PL-Apo during platelet isolation, (2) using established optimal conditions for stimulation of PL-Apo and/or PL-Act, (3) using a panel of PL-Apo and PL-Act markers, and (4) appropriate positive and negative controls for quantification of PL-Apo and PL-Act responses.
- Published
- 2018