1. Erythematous Papular Rash: A Dermatological Feature of COVID-19
- Author
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Nuno R Carreira, Alexandra Wahnon, Catarina Sousa Gonçalves, Marisa Silva, Ana Maria Baltazar, Pedro Miguel Garrido, Ana Luísa Barbosa, Lourdes Alvoeiro, Teresa Ferreira, Ana Mafalda Abrantes, and Dúlio Teixeira Passos
- Subjects
myalgia ,medicine.medical_specialty ,cutaneous manifestations ,Respiratory tract infections ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Articles ,Dermatology ,Asymptomatic ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Respiratory failure ,Internal Medicine ,Sore throat ,medicine ,Chills ,030212 general & internal medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Nose ,Livedo reticularis - Abstract
COVID-19 is the clinical expression of the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection. Most patients have mild symptoms, but a significant proportion have severe or critical disease, which can include cardiac injury, sepsis, acute kidney failure and respiratory failure. It is also worth highlighting the increasing number of reported COVID-19 cases with dermatological disease/manifestations. The cutaneous clinical spectrum is wide and includes maculopapular, urticarial, varicelliform and petechial rashes, pseudo perniosis, livedo reticularis, and pityriasis rosea-like, violaceous and pustular lesions. Until the physiological mechanism is fully understood, it is important to describe these manifestations, which could help identify a typical pattern. This report describes a cutaneous manifestation in a COVID-19 patient. LEARNING POINTS SARS-CoV-2 presents with multiple symptoms with the dermatological manifestations currently under-recognized. Clinicians should be aware of patients presenting only with cutaneous symptoms, which in some cases are the initial clinical feature of COVID-19. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, cutaneous manifestations INTRODUCTION The SARS-CoV-2 virus appeared for the first time in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It belongs to the coronavirus family, a large group of human and animal viruses that cause around 10–30% of mild upper respiratory tract infections [1]. The SARS-CoV-2 virus can be transmitted animal-to-human and human-to-human and has a high contagion rate, even in asymptomatic individuals. Spread is via droplets projected by sneezing or coughing and then inhaled or absorbed by mucous membranes (mouth, nose and eyes). The clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection is called COVID-19 and has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, various symptoms were identified such as hyposmia or anosmia (in over 80% of patients) [2], fever (80%), dry cough (56%), fatigue (22%), myalgia (7%) [3], runny nose, sore throat, diarrhoea, bloody cough and chills. As with other viral infections, SARS-CoV-2 may also have cutaneous manifestations.
- Published
- 2020