1. Mechanical properties of CAD/CAM-fabricated in comparison to conventionally fabricated functional regulator 3 appliances
- Author
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Dorothee Ruckes, Lutz D. Hodecker, Andreas Zenthöfer, Christopher J. Lux, Stefan Rues, Christoph Roser, and Chris Koebel
- Subjects
Craniofacial orthodontics ,Wilcoxon signed-rank test ,Science ,Regulator ,CAD ,Dental technician ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Cyclic loading ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mathematics ,Load capacity ,Multidisciplinary ,people.profession ,Stiffness ,030206 dentistry ,Fracture testing ,Mechanical engineering ,Three-dimensional imaging ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,people ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Manufacturing of Fränkel's functional regulator 3 (FR3) is complicated and requires extensive knowledge from the dental technician. To determine whether FR3s produced by CAD/CAM techniques (CAD-FR3) meet similar mechanical properties like conventional FR3s (Con-FR3), for each of 10 patient cases, three CAD-FR3 designs (palatal connector cross-section 3 × 3 mm, 4 × 1 mm or 5 × 2 mm) and one Con-FR3 were subjected to cyclic loading and subsequent fracture testing in a universal testing device. Transversal load capacity (Fmax(FR3)) and stiffness were compared among the different CAD-FR3 designs and Con-FR3s using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests with a significance level of α = 0.05. All CAD-FR3 designs had significantly higher mean Fmax(FR3) (p ≤ 0.007) and stiffness (p ≤ 0.005) than the Con-FR3s. The CAD-FR33×3 had the highest mean Fmax(FR3) (98.2 ± 26.2 N) and stiffness (37.1 ± 15.5 N/mm), closely followed by the CAD-FR35×2 (Fmax(FR3): 90.3 ± 24.7 N; stiffness: 30.0 ± 12.3 N/mm). Among the CAD appliances, CAD-FR34×1 had the lowest values (p ≤ 0.007 for all pairwise tests) with Fmax(FR3) of 45.8 ± 17.9 N and stiffness of 12.5 ± 7.3 N/mm. CAD-FR3s have superior mechanical properties in comparison to Con-FR3s if certain design parameters are followed. Further clinical investigations have to examine if they can serve as an alternative in practice.
- Published
- 2021
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