Search

Le cancer du sein est le premier cancer féminin en France, et sa détection précoce est indispensable. L’IRM mammaire est un élément de choix dans son diagnostic mais présente des coûts directs et indirects élevés, notamment du fait de sa durée qui ralentit son utilisation plus large. Compte tenu de ses éléments, l’utilisation d’un protocole abrégé se développe pour pallier ces inconvénients. Les premières données de la littérature tendent à penser que cet examen plus rapide permet également une durée d’interprétation plus courte. De plus, la sensibilité et la spécificité de l’examen ne sont pas inférieures à celles du protocole complet. Cet article explique ce nouveau concept et son intérêt, le compare au protocole complet et évoque les perspectives futures et notamment à l’adjonction de séquences à haute résolution temporelle.

Resume Le cancer du sein est le premier cancer chez la femme. La surveillance mammaire en imagerie des patientes traitees est un element incontournable de la prise en charge. Pour ce faire, la connaissance des remaniements post-therapeutiques normaux est primordiale, et ce selon les differentes modalites d’imagerie (IRM, mammographie, echographie). En effet, elle permet de mieux detecter les recidives et/ou les nouveaux cancers qui est le but principal de cette surveillance. Elle permet en outre d’eviter les pieges de cette surveillance afin de detecter au plus tot les eventuelles evolutions tumorales locales chez ces patientes.

Background: CyberKnife ® stereotactic radiotherapy allows for minimally invasive treatment with satisfactory results in patients with inoperable primary or metastatic lung cancer. The objective of this study was to identify factors influencing the probability of local control. Methods: Ninety-five patients (100 lung tumors) treated between January and December 2013 at our department by SBRT (stereotactic body radiation therapy) using CyberKnife ® were included in the study. There were 71 stage T1 or T2 primary tumors and 29 secondary tumors. The tracking methods were as follow: fiducial markers with Synchrony ® in 50 cases (gold seeds in 35, coils in 15 cases), spine with 4D-CT and Xsight ® Spine in 43 cases, and direct viewing by Xsight ® Lung in 7 cases. The methods were allocated according to the characteristics of each target. Results: With a median follow-up of 24 months, the probability of local control at 24 months was 88%. The probability of local control differed according to the size of the target (92% for tumors ≤35 mm and 54% for tumors >35 mm: P=0.013) and according to the distance of the fiducial markers in relation to the target (95% when Conclusions: The best results were obtained with small lesions. With Synchrony ® , the distance of the target relative to the fiducial markers should be less than 50 mm. Gold seeds are recommended, although coils may be used instead of gold seeds. The number of fiducial markers did not have a significant impact on the probability of local control. With an appropriate tracking method, stereotactic radiotherapy is an efficient treatment for stage I lung cancer and lung oligometastases.

PURPOSE We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy and interpretation time of an abbreviated protocol relative to the complete protocol of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the use of breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS). Between-reader and between-protocol variability for BI-RADS classification and influence of reader expertise on diagnostic accuracies were also evaluated. METHODS We conducted a retrospective reader study in 90 women who underwent breast MRI: 30 benign examinations (graded as American College of Radiology [ACR] 1 or 2), 30 examinations graded as ACR 3 and 30 examinations requiring a histologic proof (graded as ACR 4 or 5). Two radiologists independently reviewed the protocols. The reference standard was 24 months of imaging follow-up (66.6%, n=60), percutaneous biopsy at the 12th month imaging follow-up (5.5%, n=5), and breast surgery (27.9%, n=25). Analysis was done on a per-breast basis. There were 26 cancers in 168 breasts (15.1%) RESULTS: Interpretation time was higher for the complete protocol (mean difference: 84 s, 95% CI [67;101] for senior and 83 s, 95% CI [70;95] for junior reader; P < 0.001). The reliability of BI-RADS classification between both protocols was very good with intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.89 for junior reader and 0.98 for senior reader; the inter-reader reliability was 0.94 and 0.90 for the complete and abbreviated protocols, respectively. For senior reader, the abbreviated and complete protocols yielded 95.1% and 94.4% specificity and 100% sensitivity. CONCLUSION Our data provide corroborating evidence that abbreviated protocols decrease interpretation time without compromising sensitivity or specificity. There was a high level of concordance between the abbreviated and complete protocols and between the two readers.

Summary Introduction Suspicious lesions of sarcoma require preoperative biopsies. If surgical biopsies remain the gold standard, radioguided percutaneous microbiopsies are gaining an increasing importance. The purpose of this study was to compare histopathological results of percutaneous biopsies of soft tissues, trunk and retroperitoneal tumors with the histopathological results of operative specimens. Methods This is a retrospective study including 84 patients treated in our institution. The concordance between the results of the microbiopsy and the operative specimen for the benign–malignant differentiation and the histological type was evaluated. The microbiopsy accuracy was calculated. The sensitivity and the specificity of the microbiopsies compared to the operative specimen were also evaluated for the benign–malignant differentiation. Results The concordance was 0.92 [0.79–1] for the benign–malignant differentiation, 0.97 [0.92–1] for the histological type. The accuracy of microbiopsies was therefore 96% (sensibility = 97.0%; specificity = 94.1%) for the benign–malignant detection and 97.8% for the histological type. Conclusion Percutaneous microbiopsies play an important part in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors of the limbs, trunk and retroperitoneum, in particular as a replacement to more invasive surgical biopsies. This study evidences the increasing importance of the collaboration between radiologist, surgeon and pathologist in the diagnosis of sarcoma.

La Presse Medicale - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since mercredi 18 mai 2016

International audience; To evaluate the added value of ULTRAFAST-MR sequence to an abbreviated FAST protocol in comparison with FULL protocol to distinguish benign from malignant lesions in a population of women, regardless of breast MR imaging indication. Materials and methods: From March 10th to September 22th, 2014, we retrospectively included a total of 70 consecutive patients with 106 histologically proven lesions (58 malignant and 48 benign) who underwent breast MR imaging for preoperative breast staging (n = 38), high-risk screening (n = 7), problem solving (n = 18), and nipple discharge (n = 4) with 12 time resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS) acquisitions during contrast inflow interleaved in a regular high-resolution dynamic MRI protocol (FULL protocol). Two readers scored MR exams as either positive or negative and described significant lesions according to Bi-RADS lexicon with a TRICKS images (ULTRAFAST), an abbreviated protocol (FAST) and all images (FULL protocol). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were calculated for each protocol and compared with McNemar's test. Results: For all readers, the combined FAST-ULTRAFAST protocol significantly improved the reading with a specificity of 83.3% and 70.8% in comparison with FAST protocol or FULL protocol, respectively, without change in sensitivity. By adding ULTRAFAST protocol to FAST protocol, readers 1 and 2 were able to correctly change the diagnosis in 22.9% (11/48) and 10.4% (5/48) of benign lesions, without missing any malignancy, respectively. Both interpretation and image acquisition times for combined FAST-ULTRAFAST protocol and FAST protocol were shorter compared to FULL protocol (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Compared to FULL protocol, adding ULTRAFAST to FAST protocol improves specificity, mainly in correctly reclassifying benign masses and reducing interpretation and acquisition time, without decreasing sensitivity.

Purpose Brachytherapy is a well-known treatment in the management of skin tumors. For facial or scalp lesions, applicators have been developed to deliver non-invasive treatment. We present cases treated with customized applicators with high dose rate system. Material and methods Patients with poor performance status treated for malignant skin lesions of the scalp or the facial skin between 2011 and 2014 were studied. Afterloading devices were chosen between Freiburg® Flap, silicone-mold or wax applicators. The clinical target volume (CTV) was created by adding margins to lesions (10 mm to 20 mm). The dose schedules were 25 Gy in five fractions for postoperative lesions, 30 Gy in six fractions for exclusive treatments and a single session of 8 Gy could be considered for palliative treatments. Results In 30 months, 11 patients received a treatment for a total of 12 lesions. The median age was 80 years. The median follow-up was 17 months and the 2-year local control rate was 91%. The mean CTV surface was 41.1 cm2 with a mean thickness of 6.1 mm. We conceived three wax applicators, used our silicone-mold eight times and the Freiburg® Flap one time. We observed only low-grade radiodermitis (grade I: 50%, grade II: 33%), and no high-grade skin toxicity. Conclusion High dose rate brachytherapy with customized applicators for facial skin and scalp lesions is efficient and safe. It is a good modality to treat complex lesions in patients unfit for invasive treatment.

La Presse Medicale - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since mardi 19 decembre 2017

Background To evaluate the MRI features of a tumor response, local control, and predictive factors of local control after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Thirty-five consecutive patients with 48 HCCs who were treated by SBRT were included in this retrospective study. All patients provided written informed consent to be treated by SBRT, and prior to inclusion they authorized use of the treatment data for further studies. The assessment was made using MRI, with determination of local and hepatic responses according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and modified RECIST (mRECIST) criteria during a two-year follow-up. Results The local response rate according to mRECIST was higher than with RECIST. A tumor diameter less than 20 mm at baseline was an independent predictive factor for RECIST and mRECIST responses, as was diffusion-weighted signal for RECIST. During follow-up, a tumor diameter of