Search

The umbuzeiro is a native Brazilian semi-arid plant with great agroindustrial potential. The characterization of the fruit, as well as the development or improvement of technologies for value aggregation are fundamental for its conservation, dissemination and culinary expansion. The objective was to characterize physically and chemically fruits of umbu and to define the access with greater commercial potential. A completely randomized design was used, with 10 replications, in a total of 4 accessions of umbuzeiro. The fruits were selected prioritizing uniformity of fruit size and maturation stage. Fruit peel color was analyzed; diameter and length; mass of the fruit, the bark, the pulp and the seed; firmness of the fruit, soluble solids contents; pH; titratable acidity and solids/acidity ratio. The values of the pulp yield and the technological index were determined. Significance was verified for all variables, except for soluble solids and pH. The average value of the titratable acidity was 1.3 mg of citric acid 100 mL-1 of juice. The diameter of the fruits varied between 4.0 and 4.5 cm. Fruit mass varied from 33.00 to 43.62 g and access to EPAMIG-C06 was the heaviest. The accesses EPAMIG-C06 and EPAMIG-C18 presented the highest technological index. Based on the results, it was concluded that the accesses present potential to the pulp industry due to the size and characteristics of the fruits. The umbu accesses under study presented small variation for solubility and pH. For in natura consumption and/or processing, the access EPAMIG-C06 stands out due to attributes of commercial interest.

RESUMO: Agentes de controle biológico associados com matéria orgânica é uma estratégia que pode potencializar o controle dos nematoides-das-galhas. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito de materiais orgânicos e rizobactérias sobre Meloidogyne javanica em tomateiro. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4x2+1, sendo quatro materiais orgânicos (turfa, biofertilizante, esterco bovino e composto orgânico de casca de pequi), dois isolados de rizobactérias (Bacillus pumilus -1 e B. pumilus - 76) e adubação mineral (tratamento adicional), com oito repetições. Mudas de tomateiro foram transplantadas para vasos contendo solo arenoso, ao qual incorporaram-se os diferentes materiais orgânicos. As suspensões das rizobactérias (OD 540=0,5) foram aplicadas ao solo via rega. O solo de cada vaso foi infestado com aproximadamente 3000 ovos e eventuais juvenis de segundo estádio de M. javanica. Todos os materiais orgânicos associados às rizobactérias reduziram o número de galhas e massas de ovos de M. javanica em comparação à adubação mineral. Já o número de juvenis (J2) foi menor nas combinações pequi + B. pumilus-1 e B. pumilus-76 e turfa + B. pumilus-1. O número de ovos e o fator de reprodução foram influenciados pela interação entre as rizobactérias e os compostos. Para o composto de pequi, B. pumilus-1 promoveu menor número de ovos por grama de raiz, enquanto para turfa, B. pumilus-76 foi a mais eficiente. Para o fator de reprodução, apenas o esterco foi influenciado pela bactéria, sendo que B. pumilus-1 foi a que proporcionou menor capacidade reprodutiva do nematoide. ABSTRACT: Biological control agents associated with organic matter is a strategy that can enhance the control of root-knot nematode. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic materials and rhizobacteria on Meloidogyne javanica on tomato. We used the randomized block design, in a 4x2+1 factorial scheme, four organic materials (peat, bio-fertilizer, manure and organic compound of pequi hulls), two isolates of rhizobacteria (Bacillus pumilus-1 and B. pumilus-76) and mineral fertilization alone (additional treatment), with eight replications. Tomato seedlings were transplanted to pots containing sandy soil, in which the different organic materials were incorporated. Suspensions of rhizobacteria (OD 540=0,5) were applied to soil by means of irrigation. The soil in each pot was infested with approximately 3,000 eggs and eventual second stage juveniles (J2) of M. javanica. All organic materials associated with rhizobacteria reduced the number of galls and masses of M. javanica eggs compared to mineral fertilizer. The number of juveniles (J2) was lower in combinations pequi + B. pumilus-1 and B. pumilus-76 and peat + B. pumilus-1. The number of eggs and the reproduction factor were influenced by the interaction between rhizobacteria and organic materials. For the compound of pequi, B. pumilus-1 produced a lower number of eggs per gram of root, while for peat, B. pumilus-76 was the most efficient. For the reproduction factor, only the manure was influenced by the bacterium, and B. pumilus-1 was the one that provided lower reproductive capacity of the nematode.

The effects of treating seeds of the common bean with rhizobacteria before sowing associated with different nitrogen (N) doses on the control of the nematode Meloidogyne javanica was evaluated. The assay was carried out in a greenhouse in random blocks, with a factorial arrangement of 5 × 5 + 1: five N doses (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 kg/ha); five isolates: Bacillus pumilus (1, 60 and 76), Bacillus subtilis.-34, Bacillus sp.-36, and one control treatment. The plants were inoculated with 3,000 nematode eggs/pot. After 60 days the assay was evaluated. In the absence of N, B. pumilus-60 promoted a reduction of more than 50% in the number of galls and egg masses compared to the control. B. pumilus (1 and 76) and Bacillus sp.-36 reduced the number of galls in combination with increased N doses. Treatment of seeds with Bacillus in combination with N fertilization contributed to a reduction in the number of galls and nematode egg masses. B. pumilus (60 and 76) reduced the number of galls and egg masses in the absence of N, indicating a nematicidal effect. The treatments had no effect on the number of second-stage juveniles, eggs, or the plant parameters.

Pequi waste added to soil can lead to promising results in the management of plant nematodes. This study evaluated the effect of organic compost of pequi fruit waste in the control of Meloidogyne javanica in okra plants. The compost was comprised of cattle manure, sugarcane straw, and pequi rind waste in the ratio 1:1:1. Treatments were five doses of organic compost (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 g dm-3) and two additional controls: manure (20 g dm-3) and mineral fertilizer (100 mg dm-3 of N), arranged in randomized block design with 10 repetitions. Different treatments were incorporated into pots containing 3 dm-3 of sandy soil infested with 5,000 eggs of M. javanica. Seedlings were transplanted five days later, and evaluated after 60 days of transplanting. Organic compost with pequi waste incorporated to soil increased shoot dry weight and root weight, and reduced the number of egg masses, galls and eggs of M. javanica per gram of root, and reproduction factor. Doses of 20 and 30 g dm-3 increased plant development and reduced the reproductivity of M. javanica compared to mineral fertilizer.