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Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:03:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 The present study analyzed the inputs, outputs, and accumulation of carbon in ecological compartments of earthen ponds for the grow-out of Amazon river prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum) and tambaqui fish (Colossoma macropomum) reared in monoculture and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems, using recycled hypereutrophic water. A completely randomized experiment was designed with four treatments and three replications: PM- monoculture with 30 prawn m−2, FM- monoculture with 3 fish m−2, IMTA- fish-prawn polyculture with 30 prawn m−2 and 3 fish m−2 reared free-swimming, POLY-CAGE- fish-prawn IMTA with 30 prawn m−2 reared free-swimming and 40 fish m−3 in net-cages. Animals, rain, water, feed, soil, gases, total suspended solids, settleable solids, and accumulated sludge were collected throughout the experiment to determine their total organic and total inorganic carbon contents and to calculate the carbon budget. Results showed that much of the carbon accumulated as solid organic material (∼55 – 84%) and animal biomass (∼4 – 18%). The remaining carbon was discharged to receiving water bodies in the outlet water during harvesting (∼6 – 8%) or emitted as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) (∼1 – 5%). Feed management appeared to influence the major biological processes in the aquatic carbon cycle, such as photosynthesis and aerobic decomposition. All systems showed absorption of atmospheric CO2 (∼529 – 782 kg C-CO2 ha−1) that was higher than the emissions (∼35 – 93 kg C-CO2 ha−1) and CH4 (∼14 – 123 kg C-CH4 ha−1). Furthermore, all of the culture processes in the present study removed ∼1,000 to 2,000 kg Total Carbon ha−1 from the inlet water, and thus, these systems can provide important ecosystem services. The high accumulation of carbon in the settleable solids (∼69% of outputs) and the adequate water quality maintained in the IMTA demonstrate the resilience of this grow-out system to high allochthonous inputs of organic matter as feed. An increased prawn density or the addition of a mud-feeder species to the culture may enhance the incorporation of carbon from settleable solids into harvested biomass, improving the efficiency of the systems. UNESP - São Paulo State University Aquaculture Center, Via Paulo Donato Castelane s/n UFRPE – Rural Federal University of Pernambuco Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos World Sustainability Organization S.r.l – WSO Technical and Scientific Department Milan Aquaculture Research Center Kentucky State University, 103 Athletic Road UNESP - São Paulo State University Aquaculture Center, Via Paulo Donato Castelane s/n

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:55:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-05-15 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) In the integrated culture of pelagic fishes and benthic prawns, a large quantity of nutrients and energy remain in the pond bottom after harvest. This study assessed whether the inclusion of an iliophagus species, such as curimbata (Prochilodus lineatus), can take advantage of those resources and improves yield and diet use efficiency in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and Amazon river prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum) integrated aquaculture. A completely randomized experiment was designed with two treatments, and five replicates each of integrated systems: tambaqui and Amazon river prawn (TP) and tambaqui, Amazon river prawn, and curimbata (TPC). Ten 0.01-ha earthen ponds were used as experimental unities. Juveniles of tambaqui (3.93 ± 1.63 g) and Amazon river prawn (0.02 ± 0.02 g) were stocked in all ponds at a density of 3 and 11 individuals per m−2, respectively. Five ponds, selected at random, were also stocked with curimbata (3.11 ± 2.61 g) at a density of 5 individuals per m−2. Tambaqui was fed twice a day with an extruded commercial diet (32% crude protein) to apparent satiation. The prawn and curimbata were not fed. The experiment lasted 53 days. The presence of curimbata did not affect tambaqui performance, whereas reduced the production of prawn in ~25%. The inclusion of curimbata increased total species yield by ~35% (from 734 to 991 kg.ha−1) and decreased FCR by ~31% (from 0.61 to 0.42). These results indicate that a mud-feeder like curimbata can take advantage of the large quantity of nutrients and energy deposited in the bottom of freshwater pond aquaculture. UNESP - São Paulo State University Aquaculture Center and CNPq, Via Paulo Donato Castelane s/n UFRPE – Rural Federal University of Pernambuco Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos UNESP - São Paulo State University Aquaculture Center and CNPq, Via Paulo Donato Castelane s/n CAPES: 001

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:43:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-02-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of producing the Amazon river prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum) with tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems. An experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four treatments (types of production systems) and three replicates per treatment (ponds): prawn monoculture (30 prawns. m−2); fish monoculture (3 fish. m−2); IMTA with prawns and fish free-swimming in the same pond (30 prawns. m−2 and 3 fish. m−2); and IMTA with prawns free-swimming and fish in cages placed inside the ponds (30 prawns. m−2 free-swimming and 40 fish. m−3 in net cages). Prawns and tambaqui in the monocultures received commercial pelleted diets, whereas only the tambaqui received the pelleted diet in the integrated cultures. The experiment lasted 5.7 months. Both the prawns and the fish developed well in stagnant ponds while using nutrient-rich water. The mean final body mass, final body length and productivity of the prawns in the monoculture were higher than those of the prawns in the IMTAs. No significant differences were observed for the survival of the prawns and the tambaqui between treatments, and for the mean final mass of the tambaqui between the monoculture and the IMTA systems. Prawn growth and yield were similar whether the tambaqui was reared free-swimming or in cages. Therefore, the prawns and the tambaqui are compatible for IMTA. Yield in IMTA was ∼0.6 t ha−1 prawns, 5 t ha−1 tambaqui in free-swimming and 3 t ha−1 in net-cages. In conclusion, the culture of Amazon river prawn and tambaqui in IMTA is technically feasible in the first grow-out phase of the tambaqui. This system is flexible and permits different management strategies according to the target markets for each species. UNESP - São Paulo State University Aquaculture Center, Via Paulo Donato Castelane s/n IFFR - Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Roraima - Campus Amajari, Rodovia Antonino Menezes da Silva, Km 03 UNESP - São Paulo State University Aquaculture Center, Via Paulo Donato Castelane s/n CNPq: 140306/2013 FAPESP: 2010/51271-6