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The effects of ultrasound (US) application conditions on microbiological, physicochemical, microscopic, and sensory features of strawberry juice were evaluated. Conditions comprised US (40 kHz) for 5, 10, or 15 min at 25, 40, or 50°C. All US treatments reduced the microbial count in juice. US treatment (40°C/10 min; 50°C/15 min) reduced the °Brix value. All treatments maintained the pH, total titratable acidity, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of the samples. The thermal treatment sample presented a higher decrease in bioactive compounds. Hue angle values and changes in optical microscopy have increased as treatment temperature and time increased. The sample sonicated at 50°C for 15 min presented lower sensory acceptance indices for all the evaluated attributes. Ultrasound application at 50°C for 5 min presented effective juice properties’ conservation, a good sensory acceptance, and is a promising alternative to help preserve strawberries.

A new juice market, consisting of mixtures of fruits, is expanding in the beverage segment, in order to increase even more the nutritional and sensory characteristics. In addition, in the preparation of juices, the option exists to replace water with coconut water. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize mixed juices based on coconut water and berries (strawberry, blackberry, and red raspberry), through the mixture design, desirability function, and response surface methodology. Mixed juices were evaluated by rheological, physical, physicochemical, sensory, and nutritional characteristics. The treatments produced with strawberry (50% or 100%) were preferred among the tasters, and the juices elaborated using blackberry contributed to higher viscosity, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and total anthocyanins. According to optimization, the mixed juices should contain 50-60% strawberry, 40% blackberry, and 0-10% raspberry. Thus, the mixed juices produced from these fruits have better characteristics than the juice of only one fruit type.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:04:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão BACKGROUND: Honey from Tiúba stingless bees (Melipona fasciculata) produced in three different ecosystems in Brazil (Cerrado, Litoral and Baixada), as well as a sample of honey from Apis mellifera bees from the Baixada region for comparison, were evaluated regarding viscosity, color, sensory profile and sensory acceptance. RESULTS: The honey from Tiúba was less viscous, with a darker color and lower purity of the color (chroma) in relation to honey from Apis mellifera. The sensory profile firmly differentiates the honeys. The Apis honey was mainly described as opaque, viscous and adhesive. Tiúba honey from the Cerrado region stood out as semi-bright, acid taste, alcoholic, propolis, bitter taste and spicy. Tiúba honey from the Litoral region was characterized by its yellow color, woody odor and medicine flavor. The Tiúba honey from the Baixada region was described as gold colored, fluid and citric. The Tiúba honey from the Cerrado region had similar sensory acceptance to the Apis honey, probably because it was specifically characterized through attributes of odor and flavor. On the contrary, the Tiúba honey from the Litoral and from the Baixada regions was less well accepted. CONCLUSION: The honeys are different regarding their physical and sensory properties, differences that result from the bee species and from the geographical origin of the honey. This study could contribute to the creation of a standard identity and specific quality for Melipona fasciculata honey, also contributing to its production and commercialization not only in Brazil, but also internationally. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry. Federal Institute of Maranhão (IFMA) Campus São Luís-Maracanã Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA) Center for Biological and Health Sciences Biology Department Core of Applied Basic Immunology Department of Food Engineering and Technology São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE) Campus São José do Rio Preto Department of Food Engineering and Technology São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE) Campus São José do Rio Preto

This study aimed to develop Greek style yoghurts with the addition of bovine colostrum. Four yoghurt formulations were produced with different colostrum content (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%). The fat, protein, total solids, ash, retinol levels were quantified as well as the colour was measured. A sensory analysis was conducted with 103 untrained panelists, evaluating the attributes of appearance, aroma, consistency, flavour, overall acceptance and the purchase intention. Colostrum addition increased the fat and protein levels in the yoghurt formulations. The Greek style yoghurts with bovine colostrum reached sensory acceptance above 70% for all attributes.

The aim of this study was to produce cereal bars (CB) added with tempeh flour (TF) and evaluate the nutritional composition, fatty acids profile, isoflavone content and sensory acceptance. Tempeh was produced from organic soya beans cotyledons fermented by Rhizophus oligosporus followed by freeze-drying and milling in order to obtain the TF. The addition of 10%, 15% and 20% TF to CB resulted in both protein and lipid content increase and a higher polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio. The content of isoflavone aglycones, the forms considered to have higher biological activity, was higher in TF than in soya bean, which was also reflected in the CB chemical composition. An acceptance test showed that CB added with TF (up to 15%) were sensory accepted. Overall results suggest that the addition of TF as an ingredient in cereal bars allows improving the chemical and functional characteristics of this type of ready-to-eat foods. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:20:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-05-01 CYTED Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo The search for ingredients that improve technological and nutritional aspects of food has been intensified in recent years by both researchers and industry. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate fermented sausages with simultaneous reduction of fat (25%) and salt (25% KCl; 75% NaCl) using up to 2% of three different dietary fiber: microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), resistant starch (RS) and oat fiber (OF). Technological and sensory evaluations used the simplex-centroid mixture design. The dietary fiber added did not affect the weight loss, pH values and sensory acceptance. Models were obtained for water activity, lactic acid bacteria, hardness, chewiness and TBARS values. When included in combination the three dietary fiber helped reduce water activity, inclusion of MCC increased the population of lactic acid bacteria, and inclusion of OF with MCC demonstrated an antioxidant effect and improved hardness and chewiness. These dietary fibers are ingredients that can contribute to the development of reduced fat – reduced salt fermented sausage. Department of Food Technology and Engineering UNESP – São Paulo State University, Street Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 Department of Food Technology and Engineering UNESP – São Paulo State University, Street Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 CYTED Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo: 119RT0568

Mansa and Brava are olive autochthonous cultivars from Galicia, a new olive-growing zone from NW Spanish, from which high-quality extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) are obtained. The oils obtained as by co-crushing Mansa and Brava olives in different proportions as by blending with others olives cultivars have different composition that influence in their sensory quality. The consumer acceptance of commercial oils elaborated with Local Galician cultivars was evaluated and a quality-mapping of olive oils was created. It was found that the both Local oils had good physical-chemical quality parameters. From sensory analysis viewpoint, Local-MB oils presented the highest intensity values for color, odor, taste, and flavor, and the consumers had a higher acceptance and preference by Picual, Local-MBPA (60% Mansa and Brava, 25% Picual, and 15% Arbequina and Local-MB (60% Mansa and 40% Brava) oils. A quality-mapping of olive oils indicate that attributes better scored from the consumer are high intensity for color, odor, taste and flavor, and pungent and floral series, and bitter is rejected by them.

8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, The first goal of this work was to enhance the quality of chilled fish by applying a preliminary dipping treatment containing a bioactive extract from the alga Fucus spiralis. Megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) specimens were dipped in aqueous solutions containing two different concentrations of the alga extract (0.50% and 0.10% alga/dipping solution, w/v; HAC and LAC batches, respectively). In addition, two control batches were considered (water dipping control and no dipping control). Microbial, chemical and sensory qualities were assessed in fish specimens after 0, 2, 6, 9 and 13 days of chilled storage. An antimicrobial effect at advanced stages of storage (9–13-day period) was observed as determined by the comparative evolution of aerobes, psychrotrophs and Enterobacteriaceae counts in megrim muscle. Likewise, a protective effect against specific lipolytic and proteolytic spoilage bacteria was also achieved at that storage period, as well as a decrease of free fatty acids formation. However, alga extract in the dipping medium had no effect (p > 0.05) on the increase of lipid oxidation in fish muscle throughout chilled storage. Interestingly, average scores revealed improved sensory quality in megrim corresponding to the HAC batch for the 9–13-day chilled period. Consequently, the proposed novel dipping treatment can be considered of interest for both on-board and in-land fish storage, due to the simple methodology employed and the resulting protective effects on fish quality., The work was supported through a project grant by the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC, Spain; project 201370E001).

12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, The present study addressed the quality enhancement of chilled fish by applying a preliminary dipping treatment containing a bioactive extract of the alga Bifurcaria bifurcata. Megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) specimens were dipped in ethanolic–aqueous solutions containing two different concentrations of the alga extract (high: HAC batch and low: LAC batch). Two types of control batch were considered (ethanol–water dipping and no dipping). Microbial, chemical and sensory qualities were monitored in fish throughout a 13-day storage period. An inhibitory effect (p 0.05) the rate of lipid oxidation events during storage. Interestingly, average scores revealed increased sensory quality in megrim corresponding to the HAC batch for prolonged storage (9–13 days). Consequently, the use of a bioactive extract of B. bifurcata alga as a preliminary dipping treatment can be considered of interest for further fish storage due to both its simplicity and beneficial effects on fish quality enhancement, The work was supported through a project grant by the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC, Spain; project 201370E001)

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:16:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-04-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Looking to supply a gluten-free product with improved acceptance, and that promote a possible increase in the absorption of calcium in individuals with celiac disease, gluten-free chocolate cookies with oligofructose-enriched inulin added as a partial substitute for rice flour in the proportions of 25, 50 and 75% were characterized chemically, physically and sensorially. The chocolate cookie with 25% substitution of rice flour by inulin/oligofructose was as well accepted as the chocolate cookie with 100% rice flour (control) and the commercial cookie for most sensory properties and intention of purchase. This acceptance was resultant from high intensities of the descriptor terms grittiness, fracturability, yellow and red chromaticities and specific volume, in addition to the low intensities of caramel aroma, caramel flavor, brightness, adhesiveness, chewiness, sweet taste and hardness, and the low instrumental cutting force. Also, all the chocolate cookies may be claimed as gluten-free products. Considering a daily consumption of 3, 2 and 1 servings of gluten-free chocolate cookies with rice flour substitution by 25, 50 and 75% of inulin/oligofructose respectively, the recommended ingestion of 8 g per day of inulin/oligofructose for enhancing calcium absorption is reached. São Paulo State University (Unesp) Institute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce) Campus São José do Rio Preto Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 São Paulo State University (Unesp) Institute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce) Campus São José do Rio Preto Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 FAPESP: 2012/16379-6

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:47:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-07-01 The odor-active compounds of the conventional yellow passion fruit influence the aroma during ripeness and the acceptance of the juice. HS–GC–MS and GC–OSME analysis and sensory acceptance of the conventional passion fruit from different stages of ripeness were studied to characterize the aroma of the fruit and, aroma and flavor of the juice. Ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate and propyl acetate showed high odoriferous importance in the passion fruit from the 1/3 yellow skin color. Cis-3-hexen-1-ol and diethyl carbonate plus the odor-active compounds from the 1/3 yellow skin color showed high odoriferous importance in the 2/3 yellow skin color, and butyl acetate and alpha-terpineol plus the same odor-active compounds from 2/3 were the most important for the 3/3 yellow skin color. There was difference in the aroma and flavor of the juices, with higher acceptance means for the passion fruit from the 3/3 yellow skin color. The passion fruit volatile compounds peak area, odoriferous intensity and sensory acceptance of the juices increased during ripeness, indicating that the conventional passion fruit characteristic aroma is completely expressed when the fruit reaches the whole maturation, at the 3/3 yellow skin color. Department of Food Engineering and Technology São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Food and Nutrition School of Pharmaceutical Science São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Food Engineering and Technology São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Food and Nutrition School of Pharmaceutical Science São Paulo State University - UNESP

The present study evaluated the replacement of beef fat in beef burgers using a tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) oil emulsion, in order to reduce total fat and saturated fatty acids in the studied samples. Three formulations were processed: Control&mdash, 100% beef fat, tiger nut 50% (TN50)&mdash, 50% of beef fat replaced using tiger nut oil emulsion and tiger nut 100% (TN100)&mdash, 100% of beef fat replaced by tiger nut oil emulsion. The physicochemical parameters were affected after fat replacement. Moreover, the protein and fat contents decreased in those sample with tiger nut oil emulsion, thus the formulation TN100 can be considered as &ldquo, reduced fat content&rdquo, Regarding color, an increased L* and b* value parameters was observed after TN100 while the values of a* remained similar to the Control samples. The hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness were similar in all formulations. The addition of tiger nut oil emulsion as a substitute for beef fat reduced saturated fat and increased the mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid was found to be in highest proportions in burgers. The TN100 samples were considered as acceptable by consumers. Therefore, total replacement of beef fat using tiger nut oil emulsions in beef burger resulted in a well-accepted and healthier meat product with reduced total and saturated fat contents, as well as increased unsaturated fatty acids.

Celiac disease is characterized by the body’s inability to digest gluten in the small intestine, and the dietary treatment consists of avoiding foods that contain this protein. Potato peel, pumpkin seeds, and quinoa are ingredients that can be used to produce gluten-free bread. The aim of this work was to evaluate chemical and sensory characteristics of gluten-free breads consisting of the idea to compare both made with traditional ingredients and with the addition of Potato Peel Flour (PPF), Pumpkin Seed Flour (PSF), and Quinoa Flour (QF). Sensory analysis of the prepared gluten-free breads and chemical analysis of the alternative flours were performed, as well as the formulations developed. The bread formulation with traditional flours and starches that obtained the highest acceptance in the sensory evaluation was used as a base to prepare three bread formulations, with 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% of each alternative flours. Regarding the chemical analysis of the flours, carbohydrate concentrations of PPF and QF did not differ statistically. Lipid, protein, and ash levels in PSF were significantly higher than those in the other flours. Carbohydrate, ash, and lipid contents of the three formulations made with alternative flours showed no significant differences. The formulation with 5.0% of the alternative flours had higher sensory acceptance. The results showed that the alternative flours used are viable alternatives for the production of gluten-free breads, making it possible to improve the diet of part of the population with celiac disease by increasing the nutritional contents of minerals, lipids, and proteins.

The objective of this research was to assess the sensory acceptance and shelf life of a fresh cheese employing dry bromelain extract as a coagulating agent. Dry bromelain extract was used in three concentrations (5%, 10% and 15% w / w) and the milk utilized was both raw and pasteurized, for a total of six treatments being studied according to a factorial model 3 * 2. A sensorial analysis was conducted and the shelf life (sensorial, physicochemical and microbiological) of the treatment, with the greatest acceptance, was determined. The results showed that the cheeses obtained with the greatest sensorial acceptance were those made with 5% w / w of dry bromelain extract regardless of the type of milk used (raw or pasteurized). The shelf life of the selected product (T2), at the physicochemical level is 26 days; however, sensorially and microbiologically the quality of the product is good up to day 14. Therefore, the use of dry bromelain extract as a vegetable coagulant showed a great potential as a substitute for traditional rennet. Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la aceptación sensorial y la vida útil de un queso fresco utilizando extracto de bromelina seca como agente coagulante. El extracto seco de bromelina se usó en tres concentraciones (5%, 10% y 15% p / p) y la leche se usó de forma cruda y pasteurizada, para un total de seis tratamientos en estudio bajo un modelo factorial 3*2. Se realizó un análisis sensorial y se determinó la vida útil (sensorial, físicoquímica y microbiológica) del tratamiento con mayor aceptación. Los resultados mostraron que los quesos obtenidos con mayor aceptación sensorial fueron los elaborados con un 5% p / p de extracto seco de bromelina, independientemente del tipo de leche utilizada (cruda o pasteurizada). La vida útil del producto seleccionado (T2) a nivel fisicoquímico es de 26 días, sin embargo, sensorial y microbiológicamente, el producto es de buena calidad hasta el día 14. Por lo tanto, el uso de extracto seco de bromelina como coagulante vegetal mostró un gran potencial como Sustituto del cuajo tradicional.

High sodium intake has been linked with problems of hypertension and in Brazil, it still has above that recommended by the World Health Organization. Meat products contribute 20–30% of sodium intake in the diet, indicating the necessity of reducing the amount of sodium added. The aim of this study was to reduce the sodium content in Toscana sausages by partial replacement of sodium chloride with PuraQ Arome NA4 substitute, and to evaluate the effect on physico-chemical and microbiological parameters and sensory acceptability. Three formulations – one control (T1), and one with 20% (T2) and another with 30% (T3) sodium reduction compared with the control – were produced. For comparative purposes, the physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory parameters were determined. In the proposed formulations with 20% and 30% reduction, the sodium contents were 857.3 mg 100 g-1 (T2) and 790.3 mg 100 g-1 (T3), compared with 926.7 mg 100 g-1 in T1. The produced samples were in accordance with the physico-chemical (moisture, lipid, protein and calcium) and microbiological (Salmonella, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, and sulphite-reducing Clostridium and Coliforms at 45°C) parameters stipulated by Brazilian law. The analysis of lightness and hue indicated that the sample T3 had a more intense red colour, while T1 had a less intense red colour. In the shear force evaluation, no difference was observed between the samples. The sample T2 was the most preferred in the ordering of preference test; however, in the hedonic scale, there was no difference between the means of sensory values for roast colour, aroma, texture, flavour and overall impression, indicating that all samples had adequate sensory acceptance. Acceptability levels were greater than 74.6% for all attributes evaluated in T1, T2 and T3. O consumo elevado de sódio tem sido relacionado com problemas de hipertensão arterial e, no Brasil, ainda tem-se um consumo acima do recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os produtos cárneos têm contribuído com 20 a 30% do sódio ingerido na dieta, indicando a necessidade de redução no sódio adicionado. O objetivo do presente estudo foi reduzir o teor de sódio em linguiça Toscana por meio da substituição parcial do cloreto de sódio (NaCl) pelo substituto PuraQ Arome NA4 e avaliar o efeito deste aditivo na aceitação sensorial da linguiça Toscana. Foram elaboradas três formulações, uma controle (T1), uma com 20% (T2) e outra com 30% (T3) de redução de sódio, em comparação à primeira (T1). Para efeitos comparativos, os parâmetros físico-químicos, microbiológicos e sensoriais foram determinados. Nas formulações com proposta de 20% e 30% de redução, o teor de sódio foi 857,3 mg 100 g-1 (T2) e 790,3 mg 100 g-1 (T3), comparados com 926,7 mg 100 g-1 em T1. As formulações elaboradas atenderam os critérios físico-químicos (umidade, lipídio, proteína e cálcio) e microbiológicos (Salmonella, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, Clostridium sulfito redutor e Coliformes a 45 ºC) estipulados na legislação brasileira. A análise dos parâmetros luminosidade e tonalidade cromática indicaram que a amostra T3 foi a de cor vermelha mais intensa, enquanto T1 a de cor vermelha menos intensa. Na avaliação da força de cisalhamento, não foi verificada diferença entre as amostras. A amostra T2 foi a mais preferida no teste de ordenação da preferencia, entretanto na escala hedônica não houve diferença entre os valores sensoriais médios para a cor assada, aroma, textura, sabor e impressão global, indicando que todas as amostras foram sensorialmente aceitas. Os índices de aceitabilidade foram superiores a 74,6% para todos os atributos avaliados em T1, T2 e T3.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:09:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-01 CYTED Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of acerola fruit powder, rosemary and licorice extract in caiman meat nuggets containing high amounts of mechanically separated caiman meat (MSCM) during 120 days of frozen storage. Five treatments were prepared: a control without antioxidant (CON), sodium erythorbate at 500 mg/kg (ERY), acerola fruit powder at 500 mg/kg (AFP), with licorice extract at 500 mg/kg (LIE) and rosemary extract at 500 mg/kg (ROE). The addition of natural antioxidants increased color, cohesiveness, and decreased TBARS values. The redness values were higher for LIE and these values were different to the CON. Nuggets with licorice extract had significantly lower TBARS values at the end of the storage period compared to the control. All the treatments were similar in sensory analysis, with good acceptability. These results indicate licorice extract used in caiman meat nuggets containing a high amount of MSCM caiman has the potential to improve quality during frozen storage. Department of Food Technology and Engineering UNESP – São Paulo State University, Street Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Mato Grosso – IFMT, Highway MT 235, KM 12, Rural Zone Department of Food Engineering College of Animal Science and Food Engineering of University of São Paulo, Avenue Duque de Caxias Norte 225 Department of Food Technology and Engineering UNESP – São Paulo State University, Street Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 CYTED Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo: 119RT0568

Over the time, fresh cheese undergoes changes in its physicochemical and sensorial properties, mostly associated to the loss of moisture, which directly affects the texture and yield. In this sutdy, we elaborated an alternative formulation for the preparation of cheese with Peruvian tara gum Caesalpinia spinosa, for moisture retention increasing, without loss of sensory acceptance. Different formulations were prepared by modifying amounts of salt and tara gum to achieve the highest sensory acceptability, without loss of texture, water and weight. Microbiological tests were performed in agreement with Peruvian regulations, showing limits of mold, yeast, coliform, Salmonella sp and bacteria below the stablished limit. Cheese with addition of tara gum presented a moisture content of 59.8 ± 0.6%, ensuring the physical properties of the cheese. One-hundred untrained individuals experienced the sensory acceptability test. In a nine-point hedonic scale, the acceptance for salt and texture were 8.2 for salt, while the appearance achieved. The optimal formulation for the preparation was 0.05% tara gum with a shelf life of 14 days in refrigeration. The prepared cheese is a promising alternative for production of fresh cheese with greater yield and sensory acceptability.

Resumo Objetivou-se elaborar três formulações de néctar misto de umbu e mangaba, além de avaliá-las quanto às suas características microbiológicas, sensoriais, físico-químicas e químicas. Antes da elaboração do néctar, três marcas de polpas de umbu e duas marcas de polpas de mangaba foram avaliadas físico-quimicamente (pH, acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais, ratio, vitamina C) e quantificados os fenólicos totais. Escolhida a marca da polpa de cada fruta, iniciou-se a elaboração dos néctares simples (umbu ou mangaba), seguida da avaliação microbiológica e análise sensorial prévia, para encontrar a doçura ideal. Posteriormente, três formulações de néctar misto foram preparadas, sendo a formulação 1 composta por 25% umbu e 25% mangaba; a formulação 2 composta por 20% umbu e 30% mangaba, e a formulação 3 composta por 30% umbu e 20% mangaba, as quais foram avaliadas microbiológica, sensorial, físico-química e quimicamente. As amostras de néctares estavam seguras microbiologicamente. As três formulações de néctar misto apresentaram a mesma aceitabilidade, com índice de aceitação acima de 70%. Além disso, apresentaram os mesmos sólidos solúveis totais, fenólicos totais e atividade de sequestrar o radical difenil-picril-hidrazina. Contudo, a formulação 2 foi a mais indicada do ponto de vista nutricional e a formulação 3, a mais indicada para aplicação comercial. Abstract The objective was to elaborate three umbu and mangaba mixed nectar formulations, as well as to evaluate their microbiological, sensory, physicochemical and chemical characteristics. Before preparing the nectars, three brands of umbu pulp and two brands of mangaba pulps were physico-chemically evaluated (pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids, ratio, vitamin C) and the total phenolics quantified. After choosing which pulp brands to use, the simple nectars (umbu or mangaba) were prepared, followed by a microbiological evaluation and prior sensory analysis to find the ideal sweetness. Subsequently, three formulations of the mixed nectar were prepared, where Formulation 1 was composed of 25% umbu and 25% mangaba, formulation 2 was composed of 20% umbu and 30% mangaba and formulation 3 was composed of 30% umbu and 20% mangaba, and the three formulations submitted to microbiological, sensory, physico-chemical and chemical evaluations. The nectar samples were microbiologically safe. The three formulations of mixed nectar showed the same acceptability with an acceptance rate above 70%. In addition, they presented the same total soluble solids and total phenolics contents and the same diphenyl-picryl-hydrazine radical sequestering activity. However, formulation 2 was the most indicated from a nutritional point of view, and formulation 3 the most suitable for commercial applications.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:15:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The purpose of this study was to evaluate volatile compounds and sensory acceptance of HHP processed orange juice compared with non-processed and pasteurized orange juices. RSM and sniffing were successfully applied for optimization of HS-SPME conditions. The chosen HS-SPME conditions 37 °C during 25 min of exposure properly characterized the volatile profile of HHP processed, pasteurized and non-processed orange juices. HHP processing conditions had an impact on the volatile profile of the juice. Sensory acceptance was higher for non-processed and similar for HHP and pasteurized orange juice. PCA discriminated processed from non-processed orange juice, and HHP from pasteurized orange juice. HHP processed orange juice was characterized by ethyl butanoate, octanal, 1-octanol, linalool, ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate, nootkatone and ethyl octanoate. Pasteurized orange juice was characterized by the same compounds as HHP, plus geranyl acetate and apart from ethyl octanoate. Terpinolene, octyl acetate, carveol, carvone, linalyl acetate and δ-elemene characterized non-processed orange juice. Industrial relevance HHP processing has been used as an efficient food preservation process in order to meet consumers growing demand for juices with natural-like attributes. Orange juice HHP processing is claimed to inactivate PME and eliminate microorganisms by pressurizing the juice, maintaining freshness, sensorial and nutritive value. This technology is still not being used by the Brazilian juice industry, which presents itself as a whole range of opportunities. Therefore the focus on volatile compounds from Pêra-Rio orange juice is due to its importance for Brazilian citrus industry. In this study orange juice pressurized in a pilot plant was compared to the non-processed and pasteurized orange juice, presenting a new approach for the analysis of volatile compounds, using RSM HS-SPME optimization combined with sniffing, and most importantly, considering the aroma representativeness, in order to properly evaluate the impact of HHP processing on the volatile compounds, responsible for the flavor of the juice and discriminate the volatile profile of the HHP orange juice compared with non-processed and pasteurized orange juice. Sensory acceptance of HHP processed orange juice was also performed to verify if changes in volatile profile were perceived by consumers. São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Food and Nutrition São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences Department of Food Engineering and Technology São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Food and Nutrition São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences Department of Food Engineering and Technology FAPESP: 2009/15084-0 CNPq: 483785/2010-5

EnglishThe aim of this study was to characterize five different hybrid cultivars pears (‘Tenra’, ‘Centenaria’, ‘Cascatence’, ‘Primorosa’ and ‘Seleta’) deployed in subtropical regions of Brazil regarding its physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, as well as to evaluate the influence of these cultivars on the characteristics physicochemical, rheological properties and sensory acceptance of the obtained jelly, for identifying varieties with higher potential for industrial use. Regardingthe bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity it was observed that ‘Seleta’ cultivar was characterized by a higher phenolic content (57.68mg GAEs 100g-1), higher antioxidant activity (13.56% of DPPH sequestration and 1.25µM of trolox g -1) and higher content of vitamin C (3.59mg 100g-1). As the acidity, it ranged from 4.09 to 5.81 g of malic acid 100g-1 (‘Tenra’ and ‘Seleta’, respectively). Regarding color, the color parameter L* varied from 32.14 to 36.83, a* ranged from 2.87 to 5.20, b* ranged from 16.57 to 20.42, Chroma ranged from 16.67 to 21.02 and °Hue ranged from 74.94 to 80.18. Regarding the texture, the jellies produced from ‘Centenaria’ and ‘Tenra’ were characterized by having the highest values of hardness (1.21 and 1.23N, respectively), gumminess (0.42 and 0.45, respectively) and chewiness (0.40 and 0.45N, respectively). The jelly obtained from the ‘Centenaria’ still showed the highest adhesiveness (2.27N s-1) and springiness (0.99). Already jellies prepared by ‘Cascatence’ showed the highest cohesiveness values (0.68). The jellies prepared with different pear cultivars showed good sensory acceptance for all measured properties, with average scores ranging between the hedonic terms “liked slightly” to “liked very much”. Cultivars of subtropical pear trees present different physicochemical characteristics, resulting in jellies with different physicochemical characteristics and rheological properties. Processing in the form of jelly is extremely viable due to the good acceptance by consumers of all formulations elaborated. Key words: Pyrus communis x Pyrus pyrifolia; quality; sensory acceptance portuguesO objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar cinco diferentes cultivares hibridas de peras (‘Tenra’, ‘Centenaria’, ‘Cascatence’, ‘Primorosa’ e ‘Seleta’) implantadas em regioes subtropicais do Brasil quanto as caracteristicas fisico-quimica, compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante, bem como avaliar a influencia destas cultivares sobre as caracteristicas fisico-quimicas, propriedades reologicas e aceitacao sensorial da geleia obtida, para identificacao de cultivares com maior potentcial para a utilizacao industrial. Com relacao aos compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante, pode-se observar que a cultivar ‘Seleta’ caracterizou-se pelo maior teor de fenolicos (57,68mg GAEs 100 g-1), maior atividade antioxidante (13,56% de sequestro de DPPH e 1,25μM de trolox g-1) e se destaca devido ao seu maior teor de vitamina C (3,59mg 100g-1). A acidez, variou de 4,09 a 5,81g de acido malico 100 g-1 (‘Tenra’ e ‘Seleta’, respectivamente). Em relacao a cor, o parâmetro de cor L* variou de 32,14 a 36,83, a* variou de 2,87 a 5,20, b* variou de 16,67 a 20,42, Chroma variou de 16,57 a 21,02 e °Hue variou de 74,94 a 80,18. Em relacao a textura, as geleias produzidas a partir de ‘Centenaria’ e ‘Tenra’ caracterizam-se por apresentar os maiores valores de dureza (1,21 e 1,23N, respectivamente), gomosidade (0,42 e 0,45N, respectivamente) e mastigabilidade (0,40 e 0,45, respectivamente). A geleia obtida da ‘Centenaria’ ainda apresentava a maior adesividade (2,27N s-1) e a elasticidade (0,99). Ja as geleias preparadas com a ‘Cascatence’ apresentaram os maiores valores de coesividade (0,68). As geleias preparadas com diferentes cultivares de pera mostraram boa aceitacao sensorial para todas as propriedades avaliadas, com notas medias variando entre os termos hedonicos “gostei ligeiramente” e “gostei muito”. As cultivares de pereiras subtropicais apresentam caracteristicas fisico-quimicas diferentes, resultando em geleias com caracteristicas fisico-quimicas e propriedades reologicas distintas. O processamento sob a forma de geleia e extremamente viavel devido a boa aceitacao por parte dos consumidores de todas as formulacoes elaboradas. Palavras-chave: Pyrus communis x Pyrus pyrifolia; qualidade; aceitacao sensorial

Resumo Apesar de ser um fruto disponível durante todo o ano, nas regiões de cultivo irrigado das diferentes regiões do país, a goiaba apresenta grande desperdício pós-colheita, associado ao rápido amadurecimento, necessitando da aplicação de técnicas de processamento que diminuam o desperdício deste fruto. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar o processo de transferência de massa durante a desidratação osmótica de fatias de goiaba, além de avaliar os parâmetros sensoriais da goiaba-passa obtida sob diferentes temperaturas de processo e concentrações de sacarose. Fatias de goiaba cv. Paluma (3,0 × 2,0 × 0,9 cm) foram submetidas à desidratação osmótica em xaropes de sacarose a 40 °Brix, 50 °Brix e 60 °Brix, combinados com temperaturas de 30 °C, 40 °C e 50 °C, por meio de planejamento fatorial com ponto central. O pré-tratamento osmótico foi complementado com secagem convectiva a 60 °C e as goiabas-passa foram estudadas quanto ao processo de transferência de massa na desidratação osmótica, seguida de avaliação sensorial. Verificou-se que a máxima transferência de massa ocorreu durante as quatro horas iniciais de desidratação, sendo a concentração de sacarose o efeito com maior influência na diminuição da quantidade de água e no aumento da incorporação de sólidos. A avaliação dos parâmetros sensoriais demonstrou uma maior preferência dos provadores pelas passas obtidas em menor concentração de sacarose, para os atributos aparência, cor, textura e sabor. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as notas atribuídas pelos provadores para o atributo odor. O perfil sensorial aplicado revelou a boa aceitação do pré-tratamento osmótico quando comparado ao fruto sem tratamento osmótico e seco apenas por secagem convectiva. Abstract Despite being a fruit available throughout the year in the irrigated regions of the different regions of the country, guava shows great post-harvest losses associated with its rapid ripening, requiring the application of processing techniques that reduce the loss of this fruit. The objective of this work was to study the mass transfer process during the osmotic dehydration of guava slices and evaluate the sensory parameters of the dried guava obtained at different osmosis temperatures and sucrose concentrations. Guava cv. Paluma slices (3.0 × 2.0 × 0.9 cm) were subjected to osmotic dehydration in sucrose syrup at 40 °Brix, 50 °Brix and 60 °Brix combined with temperatures of 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C using a factorial central point design. The osmotic pre-treatment was complemented by convective drying at 60 °C and the dried guava slices studied with respect to mass transfer during the process of osmotic dehydration followed by a sensory evaluation. It was found that the maximum mass transfer occurred during the initial 4 hours of dehydration and the concentration of sucrose had the greatest influence in reducing the amount of water and increasing the incorporation of solids. The sensory assessment parameters demonstrated that the product most preferred by the panellists was that obtained with lower sucrose concentrations for the attributes of appearance, colour, texture and flavour. No significant differences were observed between the scores awarded by the panellists for the attribute of odour. The sensory profile applied showed good acceptance of the osmotic pre-treatment when compared to the in natura fruit dried only by convective drying.

This study evaluated the use of cashew fiber in combination with textured soybean protein for the preparation of vegetable burger. Two treatments were studied to reduce fiber size (mechanical pressing with or without enzymatic maceration) and its impact on physical chemical characteristics, sensory acceptance and stability of burgers stored at -18 °C for 180 days. Both burger formulations had high moisture and carbohydrate contents and low lipid contents. Enzymatic fiber maceration resulted in harder products with lower moisture content. During storage, reduction in pH and ascorbic acid and increase in acidity values were observed, with no tendencies for color values. Throughout the storage period, burgers were within microbiological standards of the Brazilian legislation for human consumption and average sensory acceptance was within acceptance zone. It was concluded that the inclusion of enzymatic maceration in the fiber treatment process has no advantages and that burgers elaborated with cashew fiber and textured soybean protein can be consumed up to six months of frozen storage. RESUMO Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a utilização da fibra de caju em associação à proteína texturizada de soja para elaboração de hambúrguer vegetal. Foram estudados dois tratamentos para a redução do tamanho da fibra (prensagem mecânica associada ou não à maceração enzimática) e seu impacto nas caraterísticas físico-químicas, aceitação sensorial e estabilidade dos hambúrgueres armazenados a -18ºC, por 180 dias. As duas formulações dos hambúrgueres apresentaram alto teor de umidade e carboidratos, e baixo teor de lipídeos. A maceração enzimática da fibra resultou em produtos com menor umidade e mais duros. Durante o armazenamento dos hambúrgueres, observaram-se redução de pH e de ácido ascórbico, e aumento de acidez, não tendo sido observadas tendências para os parâmetros de cor. Os hambúrgueres estiveram dentro dos padrões microbiológicos da legislação brasileira para o consumo humano, e as médias de aceitação sensorial, dentro da zona de aceitação durante todo o período de armazenamento. Conclui-se que, a inclusão de maceração enzimática ao processo de tratamento da fibra não apresenta vantagens e que os hambúrgueres obtidos de fibra de caju e proteína texturizada de soja podem ser consumidos até seis meses de armazenamento congelado.

Green banana flour shows good potential as a functional ingredient for special-purpose foods, but there are no data in the literature concerning the use of a green banana pulp and peel flour for the development of products such as pasta. The aim of the present study was to develop tagliatelle pasta substituting the wheat flour with different concentrations of a green banana mixed pulp and peel flour. The pasta formulations were prepared replacing the wheat flour by the green banana mixed pulp and peel flour in two concentrations: 15% and 30%. A control formulation with wheat flour was also prepared. The green banana mixed pulp and peel flour presented higher ash, total fibre and total phenolic compound contents than traditional wheat flour. The pasta formulation with the addition of 15% green banana flour showed the highest ash content and the best sensory acceptability of all the formulations. It was concluded that it was possible to develop a tagliatelle pasta with satisfactory acceptance replacing the wheat flour by a green banana mixed pulp and peel flour. Resumo A farinha de banana verde possui grande potencial como ingrediente funcional em alimentos para fins especiais. No entanto, não há dados na literatura sobre a utilização da mistura de farinha da casca e da polpa da banana verde para o desenvolvimento de produtos, como massas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma massa alimentícia tipo talharim, substituindo a farinha de trigo por uma mistura de farinha de polpa e de casca de banana verde, em diferentes concentrações. As formulações foram preparadas substituindo a farinha de trigo pela mistura de farinha de polpa e de casca de banana verde em duas concentrações: 15% e 30%. Uma formulação controle com farinha de trigo foi elaborada. As farinhas de polpa e de casca de banana verde apresentaram maiores teores de cinzas, fibras totais e compostos fenólicos totais. A formulação adicionada de 15% da farinha de banana verde apresentou o maior teor de cinzas e a melhor aceitabilidade entre as formulações. Desta forma, foi possível desenvolver uma massa alimentícia tipo talharim com aceitação sensorial satisfatória.

Oleogel from soybean oil and pumpkin seed paste were proposed as full replacements for pork backfat to decrease the saturated fat contents and improve the PUFA/SFA ratio in meat batters. Textural compression, along with shear and penetration tests provided similar information related to meat batter structure according to the type of fat, showing that a tougher but brittle texture was produced. Meat batters with fat replacers were darker and less red, but more yellow due to the incorporation of vegetable oil. Both hue angle (H) and saturation index (S) values increased due to changes in color components, in addition to a higher total color difference compared to the control sample. Soybean oil oleogel increased the PUFA content considerably, maintaining a total fat content close to the control sample. Pumpkin seed paste increased PUFA but also reduced to caloric content due lower fat content. Consumers preferred pumpkin seed paste samples regardless of the color difference and lower fat content. Fat replacers employed to replace pork backfat substantially modified the fatty acid profile and decreased lipid oxidation with no detrimental effects on texture or acceptance. Se propone utilizar oleogel de aceite de soja o pasta de semillas de calabaza para reemplazar totalmente la grasa dorsal de cerdo en pastas cárnicas para disminuir el contenido de grasa saturada y mejorar la relación AGPI/AGS. Las pruebas de textura por compresión, tensión y penetración dieron la misma información sobre la estructura de los batidos cárnicos, de acuerdo con el tipo de grasa usado, demostrando que fue desarrollada una textura más dura pero menos cohesiva. Los batidos cárnicos con la grasa reemplazada fueron más oscuros y menos rojos, pero más amarillos debido a la incorporación de aceites vegetales. Los valores del ángulo de tono (H) y del índice de saturación (S) se incrementaron debido a cambios en las coordenadas del color, además de presentar un valor mayor de diferencia total de color con respecto a la muestra control. Las muestras con oleogel de aceite de soja aumentaron considerablemente el contenido de AGPI, con un contenido total de grasa muy similar al de la muestra control. Las muestras con pasta de semillas de calabaza aumentaron también los AGPI, pero se disminuyó el contenido calórico al reducir el contenido de grasa. Los consumidores prefirieron las muestras con pasta de semillas de calabaza a pesar de la notoria diferencia de color y menor contenido de grasa. Los reemplazos de grasa dorsal de cerdo utilizados modificación substancialmente el perfil de ácidos grasos, disminuyeron la oxidación de lípidos, sin afectar la textura y la aceptación.

The aim of this work was to study the impact of the roasting temperature (80, 120 and 160 °C) and time (20, 40 and 60 min) of cocoa beans on the sensory acceptability of chocolate using response surface methodology. The results revealed that there was higher impact of roasting temperature and no influence of roasting time (in the studied levels). Lower score of consumers’ sensory acceptability was found at higher roasting temperature of cocoa beans (160 °C). The chocolate samples presented undesirable burnt odor and flavor. Roasting temperatures range 90 to 110 °C were found optimum for higher consumer’s acceptability scores (appearance, aroma, flavor, texture and overall quality attributes). Ten trained assessors consensually defined fifteen descriptors showing similarities and differences among the chocolate samples, using the methodology based on Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. The Principal Component Analysis showed that A, B and C treatments (80 °C) were characterized primarily by the brown color, sweet aroma and flavor attributes. The treatments D, E and F (120 °C) were characterized by reddish brown color, bitterness, burnt aroma and flavor, astringency attributes.

Resumo Os celíacos encontram dificuldades na adoção de uma dieta totalmente isenta de glúten e com qualidade nutricional. Para tanto, objetivou-se desenvolver e avaliar cookies sem glúten enriquecidos com farinha de coco. A farinha de coco com elevado teor de cinzas, proteínas e lipídios pode ser utilizada para enriquecer produtos alimentícios. Foram elaborados cookies com base na composição de uma mistura da Federação Nacional das Associações de Celíacos do Brasil - Fenacelbra (“mix de farinha preparada II”) para cookies sem glúten: Padrão FP (formulação semelhante à composição do “mix de farinha preparada II” da Fenacelbra), F1 (modificação de FP com substituição da fécula de batata por 10% de farinha de coco), F2 (modificação de FP com adição de 5% de farinha de coco), F3 (modificação de FP com substituição do polvilho doce por 5% de farinha de coco). Os cookies foram avaliados quanto às características físicas (peso pós-cocção, diâmetro e espessura pós-cocção, fator de expansão, rendimento, Aw, dureza e cor – L*a*b*), físico-químicas (umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídios, carboidratos e valor calórico), aceitabilidade quanto aos atributos sensoriais (aceitação global, aparência, cor, aroma, sabor e textura) e atitude de compra. A adição de farinha de coco às formulações melhorou as propriedades nutricionais dos cookies sem glúten, aumentando o teor de lipídios e proteínas, e reduzindo o teor de carboidratos. Os cookies desenvolvidos apresentaram boa aceitação sensorial e intenção de compra satisfatória., A adição de 10% de farinha de coco em substituição da fécula de batata na formulação F1 não alterou as características sensoriais do produto, porém proporcionou propriedades físicas e físico-químicas superiores. Dessa forma, cookies sem glúten enriquecidos com farinha de coco constituem uma alternativa viável de alimentos destinados para pessoas portadoras de doença celíaca, mas também para quem busca produtos diferenciados e saudáveis no mercado. Abstract People suffering from celiac disease find it difficult to adopt a diet completely free of gluten but with nutritional quality. Thus this study aimed to develop and evaluate gluten-free cookies enriched with coconut flour. Coconut flour with high ash, protein and lipid contents can be used to enrich food products. The following cookies were prepared based on the composition of a mixture (“prepared flour mix II”) of the National Federation of Celiac Associations of Brazil – Fenacelbra for cookies without gluten: Standard FP (formulation similar to the composition of the “prepared flour mix II” of Fenacelbra), F1 (modified FP with substitution of the potato starch by 10% coconut flour), F2 (modified FP with the addition of 5% coconut flour), F3 (modified FP with substitution of the unfermented cassava starch by 5% coconut flour). The cookies were evaluated in relation to their physical characteristics (weight after cooking, diameter and thickness after cooking, expansion factor, yield, Aw, hardness and colour - L* a* b*), physicochemical characteristics (moisture, ash, protein, lipids and carbohydrates), sensory acceptability (overall acceptance, appearance, colour, aroma, flavour and texture) and purchase intent. The addition of coconut flour to the formulations improved the nutritional properties of the gluten-free cookies, increasing the lipid and protein contents and reducing the carbohydrate content. The cookies developed showed good sensory acceptance and satisfactory purchase intent. The addition of 10% coconut flour in substitution of the potato starch in the formulation F1 did not alter the sensory characteristics of the product, but provided superior physical and physicochemical properties. Thus gluten-free cookies enriched with coconut flour are a viable food alternative for people with celiac disease, and also for those who seek differentiated, healthy products on the market.

Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e caracterizar bebidas formuladas com proteinas de soro de leite adicionadas de luteina. Bebidas formuladas com 0,5 (F1), 2,0 (F2), 4,0 (F3) e 6,0% m/v (F4) de proteinas de soro caracterizadas fisico-quimicamente e microbiologicamente e, avaliadas sensorialmente. As analises fisico-quimicas indicaram que o teor de proteina alterou significativamente (P0,05) com o aumento do teor de proteina. A formulacao F2 apresentou a maior aceitacao sensorial. As bebidas sao uma alternativa promissora para o uso do soro de leite e aumentam o valor agregado do produto pela adicao de luteina. This study aimed to develop and characterize beverages formulated with whey protein and added lutein. Beverages formulated with 0.5 (F1), 2.0 (F2), 4.0 (F3) and 6.0% w/v (F4) whey protein were physicochemically and microbiologically characterized, and sensory evaluated. The physicochemical analyses indicated that the protein content significantly changed (P0.05) with increased protein content. The F2 formulation showed the highest sensory acceptance. Beverages offer a promising alternative to whey use and enhance the value of the product by the addition of lutein.