1. Nature Climate Change
- Author
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Susan J. Elliott, Tom Hawxwell, Alcade C Segnon, Cristina A. Mullin, Hasti Trivedi, Shinny Thakur, Aidan D. Farrell, Nicholas Philip Simpson, Carys Richards, Neal R. Haddaway, Tanvi Agrawal, Portia Adade Williams, Indra D. Bhatt, Maarten van Aalst, Shuaib Lwasa, Praveen Kumar, Deepal Doshi, Alexandre K. Magnan, Sherilee L. Harper, Christopher H. Trisos, Jordi Sardans, Alyssa Gatt, Jiren Xu, Miriam Nielsen, A. R. Siders, Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo, Steven Koller, Michael D. Morecroft, Marjolijn Haasnoot, Nicole van Maanen, Avery Hill, James D. Ford, Rebecca R. Hernandez, Christine J. Kirchhoff, Diana Reckien, Bianca van Bavel, Jan Petzold, Jennifer Niemann, Erin Coughlan de Perez, Luckson Zvobgo, Brian Pentz, Katherine E. Browne, Mohammad Aminur Rahman Shah, Chandni Singh, Lea Berrang-Ford, Alexandra Lesnikowski, Matthias Garschagen, Elphin Tom Joe, Thelma Zulfawu Abu, Donovan Campbell, Mia Wannewitz, Nikita Charles Hamilton, Roopam Shukla, Lynée L. Turek-Hankins, Neha Chauhan, Tara Chen, Oliver Lilford, Patricia Nayna Schwerdtle, Greeshma Hegde, William Kakenmaster, Custodio Matavel, Vhalinavho Khavhagali, Stephanie L. Barr, Zinta Zommers, Eranga K. Galappaththi, Tabea Lissner, Yuanyuan Shang, Alexandra Paige Fischer, Megan Lukas-Sithole, Delphine Deryng, Leah Gichuki, Katharine J. Mach, Ivan Villaverde Canosa, Alexandra Harden, Max Callaghan, Matthew Jurjonas, Andrew Forbes, Giulia Scarpa, Garry Sotnik, Stephanie E. Austin, Adelle Thomas, Julia B. Pazmino Murillo, Vasiliki I. Chalastani, Caitlin Grady, Lolita Shaila Safaee Chalkasra, Eunice A Salubi, Abraham Marshall Nunbogu, Anuszka Mosurska, Kathryn Dana Sjostrom, Robbert Biesbroek, Christa Anderson, Joshua Mullenite, Emily Baker, Mark New, Gina Marie Maskell, Lam T. M. Huynh, Sienna Templeman, Elisabeth A. Gilmore, Emily Theokritoff, Josep Peñuelas, Pratik Pokharel, Souha Ouni, Rachel Bezner Kerr, Justice Issah Musah-Surugu, Idowu Ajibade, Raquel Ruiz-Díaz, Edmond Totin, Timo Leiter, Carolyn A. F. Enquist, Asha Sitati, Warda Ajaz, Kathryn Bowen, Gabrielle Wong-Parodi, Malcolm Araos, Shaugn Coggins, Julia Pelaez Avila, Mariella Siña, Kripa Jagannathan, Emily Duncan, Katy Davis, Nicola Ulibarri, Ingrid Arotoma-Rojas, Lindsay C. Stringer, Philip Antwi-Agyei, Gabriela Nagle Alverio, Jan C. Minx, UT-I-ITC-PLUS, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management, Department of Earth Systems Analysis, UT-I-ITC-4DEarth, and Publica
- Subjects
Civil society ,PERCEPTIONS ,STRATEGIES ,AGRICULTURE ,Environmental Studies ,Climate change ,Environmental Sciences & Ecology ,WASS ,Scientific literature ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,URBAN ,Political science ,Global network ,Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences ,Life Science ,0502 Environmental Science and Management ,SMALLHOLDER FARMERS ,Adaptation (computer science) ,NATIONAL-LEVEL ,Environmental planning ,WIMEK ,Corporate governance ,Public Administration and Policy ,Private sector ,OPPORTUNITIES ,VARIABILITY ,Transformational leadership ,ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE ,Physical Sciences ,COMMUNITY-LEVEL ,LOCAL-LEVEL ,Bestuurskunde ,0401 Atmospheric Sciences ,0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Environmental Sciences - Abstract
Assessing global progress on human adaptation to climate change is an urgent priority. Although the literature on adaptation to climate change is rapidly expanding, little is known about the actual extent of implementation. We systematically screened >48,000 articles using machine learning methods and a global network of 126 researchers. Our synthesis of the resulting 1,682 articles presents a systematic and comprehensive global stocktake of implemented human adaptation to climate change. Documented adaptations were largely fragmented, local and incremental, with limited evidence of transformational adaptation and negligible evidence of risk reduction outcomes. We identify eight priorities for global adaptation research: assess the effectiveness of adaptation responses, enhance the understanding of limits to adaptation, enable individuals and civil society to adapt, include missing places, scholars and scholarship, understand private sector responses, improve methods for synthesizing different forms of evidence, assess the adaptation at different temperature thresholds, and improve the inclusion of timescale and the dynamics of responses. Determining progress in adaptation to climate change is challenging, yet critical as climate change impacts increase. A stocktake of the scientific literature on implemented adaptation now shows that adaptation is mostly fragmented and incremental, with evidence lacking for its impact on reducing risk.
- Published
- 2021
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