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The article deals with the problem of street lines which determine specific conditions of usage and development of towns and cities. The city transport system is one of the complex and overwhelmingly important elements of the big city structure. The investigation of its constituents, development arrangement and planning system is one of the actual directions of theoretical research having significant practical meaning for efficient use of territories. Nowadays federal legislation pays great attention to providing complex and constant development of territories. One of the major instruments in achieving this goal is the usage of street lines. Planned objects marked by street lines have legal characteristics. This article reveals those characteristics.

Following laws allowing the private ownership of land, a commercial private farming sector has emerged in Russia. The growth of this sector has been constrained by the difficult macro- and agricultural economic climate of the 1990s and mixed political signals over land ownership. These factors together resulted in the authorities continuing to make financial support available to underperforming large-scale enterprises (LSEs) through debt-restructuring programmes. This paper shows that, although stagnant in size, the considerable restructuring within the private farming sector has increased the number of options available to the authorities for maintaining economic activity in rural areas. Using case studies from interviews with farmers, municipal authority employees and agricultural economists, the paper reveals how these options are being implemented. Some possible consequences for the rural economy and communities are considered.

The paper addresses the problem of the conceptualisation of morality in sociology. The traditional sociological conception of morality was based upon the acceptance of a fact/value dichotomy, implying that sociology portrays the factual nature of morality, which thereby becomes equivalent to group conformity The opposition of fact and value was brought into question by trends of thought that followed from, respectively, Alfred Schutz and Ludwig Wittgenstein. The line from Schutz's ideas led towards their reformulation by Harold Garfinkel, who to large extent integrated the ‘moral’ with the ‘cognitive’. Wittgenstein's influence, through, especially Peter Winch, John W. Cook and Alfred Louch undercut the idea that sociological descriptions were themselves purely factual, rather than integrally evaluative. A third stream is represented by Alasdair MacIntyre and Charles Taylor, who adopt the idea that morality must be understood in its social and historical context, and explicitly reject the separation of fact and value in moral inquiry. The fact/value distinction is the source of chronic problems for the sociology of morality. Specifically, a sociological account of morality, that would define the correct understanding of the nature of morality – ie identify what substantive character and content is appropriate to it – is not possible. The disintegration of the fact/value dichotomy also means that the idea that the social context can itself be described independently of normative considerations is an illusion.

In this article, we assess the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries ( N = 12,200). The ZTPI is proven to be a valid and reliable index of individual differences in time perspective across five temporal categories: Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future. We obtained evidence for invariance of 36 items (out of 56) and also the five-factor structure of ZTPI across 23 countries. The short ZTPI scales are reliable for country-level analysis, whereas we recommend the use of the full scales for individual-level analysis. The short version of ZTPI will further promote integration of research in the time perspective domain in relation to many different psycho-social processes.