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In this paper we develop the concept of “inscrutable spaces” to describe spaces that are made difficult to know by an interplay of biophysical, epistemic, and political economic factors, and whose unintelligibility has serious repercussions for environmental politics and everyday life. We also offer an analytic that can be used to examine how inscrutable spaces are produced and maintained. Together, the concept and analytic provide scholars with tools for examining how and why knowledge is not produced in some environmental spaces despite their importance, as well as how knowledge absences persist over time. After developing the analytic, we apply it to two case studies – one about airborne dust and one about aquifer management – to show how atmospheric and subsurface spaces were actively made inscrutable. A key component of the inscrutable spaces analytic is its inclusion of biophysical attributes in examinations of environmental unintelligibility. Rather than relegating biophysical dynamics to the background, the framework encourages analysts to investigate how biophysical factors interact with epistemic and political economic influences to produce gaps in environmental knowledge production that are persistent and consequential. The utility of this approach is three-fold: (1) working to tease these factors apart makes the impacts of each more discernible; (2) putting them back together again highlights how they interact to produce and maintain inscrutable spaces and circulations; and (3) leveraging a systematic approach to analyzing inscrutability allows for fruitful comparisons among case studies that can illuminate broader trends in the (non)production of environmental knowledge.

Looming decisions on arms control and strategic weapon procurements in a range of nuclear-armed states are set to shape the international security environment for decades to come. In this context, it is crucial to understand the concepts, theories, and debates that condition nuclear policymaking. This review essay dissects the four editions of The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy, the authoritative intellectual history of its subject. Using this widely acclaimed work as a looking glass into the broader field of nuclear security studies, we interrogate the field's underlying assumptions and question the correspondence between theory and practice in the realm of nuclear policy. The study of nuclear strategy, we maintain, remains largely committed to an interpretive approach that invites analysts to search for universal axioms and to abstract strategic arguments from the precise circumstances of their occurrence. While this approach is useful for analysing the locutionary dimension of strategic debates, it risks obscuring the power structures, vested interests, and illocutionary forces shaping nuclear discourse. In the conclusion, we lay out avenues for future scholarship.

For decades Chicanx/Latinx feminists have mobilized important alternative onto-epistemologies and methodologies like testimonio that subvert dominant forms of knowledge production. Yet, these contr...

Limited empirical research addresses how Arabic-speaking English as an Additional Language (EAL) scholars approach research writing and its associated challenges despite that many Arabic-Speaking EAL scholars are engaging in global knowledge production outside and inside the Arab World. This is even more the case now than in the past as some Arab universities are prompting proactive research agendas that encourage publishing in high-impact English language journals. This paper examines 20 empirical studies that investigated the research writing and publishing practices of Arabic-speaking EAL scholars, and analyzes the content of those studies according to the scholars’ research drivers and the accompanying challenges they faced when publishing their research in English. This paper also highlights how these challenges are experienced in different universities and countries, emphasizing the complexity of English for Research Publishing Purposes (ERPP) practices even within the same linguistic group. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the growing ERPP scholarship by serving as a starting point for more systematic research on Arabic-speaking EAL scholars.

The wild success of a few online community-produced knowledge goods, notably Wikipedia, has obscured the fact that most attempts at forming online communities fail. A large body of work analyses motivations behind user contributions to successful, online communities but less is known, however, about early-stage interventions that might make online communities more or less successful. This study evaluates information seeding, a popular practice to bootstrap online communities by enabling contributors to build on externally-sourced information rather that starting from scratch. I analyze the effects of information seeding on follow-on contributions using data from more than 350 million contributions made by over 577,000 contributors to OpenStreetMap, a Wikipedia-style digital map-making community that was seeded with data from the US Census. To estimate the effects of information seeding, I rely on a natural experiment in which an oversight caused about 60% of quasi-randomly chosen US counties to be seeded with a complete Census map, while the rest were seeded with less complete versions. While access to knowledge generally encourages follow-on knowledge production, I find that a higher level of information seeding significantly lowered follow-on knowledge production and contributor activity on OpenStreetMap and was also associated with lower levels of long-term quality. I argue that information seeding can crowd out contributors’ ability to develop ownership over baseline knowledge and disincentivize follow-on contributions in some circumstances. Empirical evidence supports this explanation as the mechanism through which a higher level of information seeding can stifle rather than spur knowledge production in online communities.

This article discusses the relation between human geography and European Studies and critically questions the role of geography in producing knowledge on ‘Europe’ and shaping debates about it. It lays out how geographic contributions to European Studies can roughly be grouped into three broad categories: Europeanization and economic geographies of integration; urban, regional and spatial planning; and critical (geopolitical) approaches to the European Union. They lack, however, an engagement with future processes of European (dis)integration. This article, thus, offers an approach to visionary geographies that seeks to strengthen both geography’s theoretical input and applied contributions to European Studies.

The field of educational-leadership research has broadened over the last 50 years, with diverse knowledge-production traditions (e.g. functionalist and critical); audiences (e.g. practitioners, researchers and policymakers) and preferred sites of publication. In this article, we trace how the objectives, methods, claims and relative significance of educational-leadership research, and the identities and epistemological assumptions of educational-leadership researchers, are changing over time. We systematically and manually analysed trends in educational-leadership research through keyword searches across all journal publication sites over 50 years, exploring researchers’ contributions, epistemological positioning and journal choices. We also explored the balance between empirical and conceptual scholarship, geographical location and use of theory. We found that critical educational-leadership research is common across the international field but is more likely to be published in high-ranking generalist education journals or lower-ranking educational-leadership-focused journals. Our research contributes a novel, robust and, significantly, relatively wide-ranging empirical basis to identify key trends, gaps and silences within the field of educational-leadership research over time. Our research enables better understanding of the areas that are potentially under-researched and the ways the field might be creating and reproducing power dynamics in research.

Leseprobe ----- Summary The article takes up feminist disability scholars’ request for an integration of disability (theory) into women’s and gender studies and intends to take stock of the status and development of this integration. By means of qualitative content analysis, excerpts of German and US handbooks of gender research are examined for their degree of integrating disability (theory) and for inherent ableism. Considering the scholars’ requests of full integration and a subsequent transformation of gender research the sample shows only minor signs of change and the request must be upheld. Keywords: ableism, disability, epistemology, feminist disability studies, gender research, knowledge production ----- Ableismus in der akademischen Wissensproduktion Zusammenfassung Der Artikel greift die Forderung feministischer Disability-Forscherinnen nach Integration der Kategorie Behinderung und von Inhalten der Disability Studies in die Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung auf und beabsichtigt, Bilanz uber den derzeitigen Stand und die Entwicklung dieser Integration zu ziehen. Anhand einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse werden Auszuge deutscher und US-amerikanischer Handbucher der Geschlechterforschung auf ihre Integration von Behinderung untersucht und auf den ihnen innewohnenden Ableismus hin uberpruft. Berucksichtigt man die Forderungen der Wissenschaftlerinnen nach einer vollstandigen Integration und einer daraus folgenden Transformation der Geschlechterforschung, so weist die Stichprobe nur geringe Zeichen von Veranderung auf und die Forderung muss aufrechterhalten werden. Schlusselworter: Ableismus, Behinderung, Erkenntnistheorie, Feminist Disability Studies, Geschlechterforschung, Wissensproduktion ----- Bibliographie: Compes, Natascha: Ableism in academic knowledge production, GENDER – Zeitschrift fur Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 2-2021, S. 126-141. https://doi.org/10.3224/gender.v13i2.09

Knowledge production has been integral to colonial projects and the making of the contemporary state. This paper brings these two processes together in the contemporary settler-colonial context of ...

There is a growing recognition in refugee and forced migration studies that research partnerships, especially those that cross geographies of the global North and global South, are both a blessing and a potential curse. They are a blessing as they encourage new approaches to the co-creation of knowledge, build solidarity networks, and leverage support for scholars based in the global South. But they can also be a curse as they typically function within and can inadvertently reproduce deeply embedded structures of inequality. Drawing on the results of a review of forced displacement research centres based in the global South and interviews with the directors of these centres, this article encourages a shift from focusing on research partnerships to an approach that supports the localization of knowledge production in refugee and forced migration studies. This approach seeks to change the structures of knowledge production, including direct funding to researchers and research centres based in the global South, an emphasis on the transfer of power to researchers in the South, a recognition of the diverse forms and sources of knowledge produced within the field, and an appreciation for the diverse understandings of success and impact across contexts.

We characterize the knowledge production process whereby the inventive capabilities of the firm generate innovation output in highly inventive multinational enterprises (MNEs). We explore the sensitivity of this relationship to the strength of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection across the MNEs R&D subsidiaries. We argue that MNE innovative performance will be enhanced when the firm’s R&D activities are based in locations where IPR protection is stronger. Moreover, when considering the internal geography of the MNEs R&D activities, innovation performance depends on the distance between the home- and host-country IPR regime. Thus, innovation performance is worse, as the difference between home and host IPR regimes increases. Finally, we explore asymmetries in this relationship, in particular that the deterioration is more marked when MNEs locate their R&D activities in host economies with IPR protection significantly less strict than in their home country. We test these ideas using a unique new dataset about the most innovative MNEs in the world, an unbalanced panel of around 900 MNEs observed for the period 2004 to 2013 and find strong support for all our hypotheses.

Decolonising methodologies continue to be critically developed to disrupt the marginalising approaches to knowledge production. By privileging Indigenous ways of knowing, being and doing, relations with nature are a more-than-human entanglement and a relational pursuit. Ecosystems such as estuaries and rivers are connected through kin-based relationships and treated as (or are) ancestors and family members. Such embodiment connects the body–mind–spirit to maintain relations with the mauri of ancestral beings and Deities. Within this ontology, nature is indistinguishable from culture. Our research responds to the call of how method might proceed to de-centre the human and make bodily and material encounters with the nonhuman matter. ‘Thinking with Kaipara’ is a methodological strategy that is a deliberate attempt to pursue embodied ways of producing knowledge. To work with situated knowledges, place and social difference to address the crisis of representation of such in ecosystem-based management, the problematising of ecosystem degradation and restoration practices. Research data produced is founded on human and nonhuman collaboration, an ethic of care, diverse epistemic nature–culture relations, social/nature/gender justice and equality, which makes for empirical evidence not enjoyed by scientific and technocratic methods utilised to inform and shape ecosystem-based management decisions and policy. Geo-creative practices are used by co-researchers/co-participants to recount their lived experiences and knowledges of ecosystem degradation and restoration. Storytelling, poetics, and painting, sculpting, whaikorero, waiata and writing were practices used. We argue that such geo-creative practices challenge the normative spaces and practices of disciplinary knowledge-making and enable the examination of social heterogeneous nature–culture relations in settler-colonial societies.

Employing the example of France’s civil nuclear program, we connect political opportunity structures (POSs) to mechanisms of knowledge production, identifying how opposing stakeholders generate knowledge about a controversial technology. A history of nuclear dependence in France creates a context that praises, normalizes, and rationalizes nuclear energy while stigmatizing attempts to question or contest the nuclear industry’s dominant position. Integrating Bond’s knowledge-shaping process with Coy and colleagues’ concept of oppositional knowledge, we consider how the broader social, political, and economic context influences opposing stakeholder assessments of nuclear energy. Employing qualitative semi-structured interviews, we offer unique insight into the French nuclear debate, discussing the role of POS in shaping knowledge production.

Due to the relative lack of media comparison studies within Asian contexts, theoretical frameworks based in Western societies have been applied to knowledge production in the global South. Using a ‘most different’ design, this study compares the dimensions of media systems reflected in two Chinese and two Korean newspapers in their initial coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Content analysis showed statistically significant differences in distribution of sources, topics and valence, usage of frame types, and actors including domestic government and foreign entities held responsible between the two groups of media. Based on political implications of crisis on Chinese and Korean news content, we mainly discuss political instrumentalization and parallelism in the media in an Asian context. Finally, we open up the dimensions of media system from an Asian perspective and address the need for future research.

Leseprobe ----- Zusammenfassung Methoden in ihrer Vielfalt und ihrem Verknupfungspotenzial bilden das innere Gerust jeder Forschung und bestimmen in hohem Mase mit, welche Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden konnen. Ein integraler Bestandteil feministischer Wissenschaft ist die Reflexion daruber, was warum als gultiges Wissen gelten soll (Epistemologie), die Theorie und Analyse daruber, wie mit Forschung Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden sollen (Methodologie) und schlieslich mit welchen konkreten Forschungswerkzeugen die Fragestellungen bearbeitet werden konnen (Methoden). Diese Einleitung resumiert, dass Epistemologien und Methodologien ein klares feministisches Profil haben konnen, jedoch grundsatzlich alle Forschungsmethoden fur ein feministisches Erkenntnisinteresse und zur Analyse struktureller Ungleichheitsverhaltnisse eingesetzt werden konnen. Mixed-Methods-Designs konnen hier hilfreich sein und erfreuen sich zunehmender Popularitat. Auch das Aufkommen von Mixed-Method-Designs konnte aber bisher das Spannungsverhaltnis zwischen qualitativen und quantitativen Forschungslogiken nicht auflosen, was auch den Logiken des Wissenschaftsbetriebs geschuldet ist. Eine kritische Perspektive auf Wissenschaft, die Politikwissenschaft eingeschlossen, muss auch die Vergabepraxen von Forschungsforderorganisationen, weiter bestehende Geschlechterstereotypen in Forschungsdesigns und bei Karrieren (Berufungen, Denominationen, Publikationsnormen) auf den Prufstand stellen, welche eine feministische Praxis im Wissenschaftsbetrieb bremsen konnen. Schlagworte: Wissenschaft, Feministische Kritik, Geschlechterstereotyp ----- Creating Knowledge the Feminist Way: The Achieved, the Ongoing and the Yet-to-do Abstract Methods in their diversity and their potential for interconnection form the inner framework of any research and determine to a large extent which knowledge may be obtained. An integral part of feminist scholarship is the reflection on what should be considered valid knowledge and why (epistemology), the theory and analysis on how research should gain knowledge (methodology) and finally how to specifically address concrete research questions (methods). This introduction concludes that epistemologies and methodologies can have a clear feminist profile, whereas every research method can be used for a feminist research interest as well as for the analysis of structural relations of inequality. Although mixed-methods designs are increasingly popular, they have not yet been able to resolve the tension between qualitative and quantitative research logics. A critical perspective on (political) science must also scrutinize the awarding practices of research funding organizations, continued gender stereotypes in research designs and in careers (appointments, denominations, publication norms), which can effectively put the brakes on feminist practice in the world of science. Keywords: science, feminist critique, gender stereotype ----- Bibliographie: Fuchs, Gesine/Graf, Patricia: Feministisch Wissen schaffen: Erreichtes, in Arbeit und immer noch zu tun, Femina Politica – Zeitschrift fur feministische Politikwissenschaft, 1-2021, S. 9-16. https://doi.org/10.3224/feminapolitica.v30i1.02

Leseprobe ----- Zusammenfassung Die Situationsanalyse (SiA) ist eine postmodern-feministische Weiterentwicklung der Grounded Theory, die seit den fruhen 2000er-Jahren masgeblich von der US-Soziologin Adele E. Clarke entworfen, in der Politikwissenschaft aber bislang kaum beachtet wurde. Dabei ist ihr Potenzial fur politikwissenschaftliche Forschung im Allgemeinen sowie fur feministisch-kritische Politikfeldanalysen im Besonderen nicht zu unterschatzen. Mit der SiA kann der gouvernementale Politikbegriff uberwunden und eine umfangliche politikfeldspezifische feministische Machtanalyse realisiert werden. Die SiA steht im Einklang mit intersektionalen, postkolonial-feministischen und anderen konstruktivistischen Reprasentationstheorien und ermoglicht es, die feministische Idee einer Vielzahl von konfliktorisch angelegten Offentlichkeiten in die Politikfeldanalyse zu integrieren. Hilfreich sind v.a. drei Strategien: (1) die Konzeptionalisierung des Politikfeldes als ‚Arena‘, in der verschiedene ‚soziale Welten‘ existieren und interagieren; (2) die Suche nach ‚implizierten Akteur*innen‘; (3) das Sichtbarmachen von epistemischer Diversitat. Konkret bietet die SiA mit ihren Mapping-Strategien methodische Werkzeuge, mit deren Hilfe ein Politikfeld in seiner ganzen Heterogenitat sichtbar gemacht werden kann. In diesem Beitrag gehe ich zunachst auf die luckenhafte politikwissenschaftliche Rezeption der SiA ein, um sodann aufzuzeigen, wie die SiA fur die Politikwissenschaft und insbesondere fur feministisch-kritische Politikfeldanalysen fruchtbar gemacht werden kann. Dies verdeutliche ich immer wieder skizzenhaft am Beispiel der deutschen Prostitutionspolitik. Schlagworte: Politikfeldanalyse, Feministische Kritik, Epistemologie, Postmoderne ----- Situational Analysis and its Potential for Feminist Critical Policy Analysis Abstract As a postmodern-feminist advancement of Grounded Theory, Situational Analysis (SiA) was first put forward in the early 2000s by US sociologist Adele E. Clarke. So far, political science has paid little attention to this innovative approach. However, its potential for political analysis in general and for feminist critical policy analysis in particular should no longer be underestimated. Using SiA, researchers can overcome narrow conceptualizations of ‘the political’ that are still widespread in political science and conduct a comprehensive feminist power analysis of a specific policy field. SiA is highly compatible with intersectional, postcolonial-feminist and other constructivist theories of (political) representation. It enables researchers to incorporate the feminist idea of multiple conflictual public spheres into policy analysis. Three strategies are particularly helpful: (1) the conceptualization of the policy fields as 'arenas' in which different 'social worlds' exist and interact; (2) the search for 'implicated actors'; (3) the visualization of epistemic diversity. Furthermore, SiA offers concrete research tools: In order to render visible the policy field in all its heterogeneity, three kinds of maps (situational maps, social world/arena maps, positional maps) can be created. In this paper, I first address the fact that SiA has been largely neglected by political science so far. Following this I explicate how scholars can make use of SiA in political science and especially in feminist critical policy analysis. I illustrate this using the example of German prostitution policy. Keywords: policy analysis, feminist critique, epistemology, postmodernism ----- Bibliographie: Cress, Anne: Die Situationsanalyse und ihr Potenzial fur feministisch-kritische Politikfeldanalysen, Femina Politica – Zeitschrift fur feministische Politikwissenschaft, 1-2021, S. 17-29. https://doi.org/10.3224/feminapolitica.v30i1.03

Leseprobe ----- Abstract Today’s development studies are going through a decolonial turn. At the heart of the debates surrounding the turn are discussions about the relationship between the researcher – often from the Global Norths – and her research participants – often from the Global Souths, and how this relationship may be constructed in a more reciprocal and respectful way. This paper uses the example of the author’s dissertation research with Jordanian women’s organizations in 2017 and 2018. It looks into how the feminist mutual-care-approach developed by Joan Fisher and Berenice Tronto may inform a reciprocal and respectful way of doing research and producing knowledge with and in the Souths in practice, and looks into the challenges that may arise from it. Keywords: care, feminism, research ethics, development studies ----- Wissensproduktion mit dem Care-Ansatz. Uber das Aufbauen wechselseitiger Sorgebeziehungen zwischen Forscherinnen und ihren Forschungsteilnehmenden Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklungsstudien erleben aktuell eine dekoloniale Wende. Im Zentrum ihrer Debatten steht die Diskussion uber die Beziehung zwischen Forscherinnen – oft aus dem Globalen Norden – und ihren Forschungsteilnehmenden – oft aus dem Globalen Suden und die Frage, wie diese Beziehungen reziproker und respektvoller gestaltet werden konnen. Der vorliegende Artikel basiert auf einer Feldforschung der Autorin mit Frauenorganisationen in Jordanien in den Jahren 2017 und 2018. Basierend auf dem Joan Fisher und Berenic Tronto entwickelten feministischen Ansatz der wechselseitigen Fursorge zeigt der Text auf, wie reziproke und respektvolle Wissensproduktion mit und im Globalen Suden in der Praxis aussehen kann, und diskutiert die Herausforderungen, die aus diesem Ansatz zu Tage kommen konnen. Schlagworte: Sorgearbeit, Feminismus, Ethik, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ----- Bibliographie: Sander, Alena: Producing Knowledge with Care. Building Mutually Caring Researcher-research Participants Relationships, Femina Politica – Zeitschrift fur feministische Politikwissenschaft, 1-2021, S. 70-81. https://doi.org/10.3224/feminapolitica.v30i1.07

The article defines characteristics and relations between sociology from the Global South and the Global North, depicted in the literature. Despite the variety of research on the topic, studies of Northern and Southern sociology lack definite description of regional sociologies and their (unequal) relations as well as clear indicators used to assign countries to either region in terms of sociology that still uses classical geopolitical division. On the basis of research of knowledge production and academic relations between Southern and Northern sociology, the author defines main issues of discussion and specific characteristics of these regional sociologies and systematises them under one model. The model reflects four main areas of confrontation between sociology from the North and the South: origin and historical development; research orientation and capabilities; recognition and influence on the global scale; research cooperation and flow of knowledge. In addition, the article presents the alternative model for the recently emerged resistant Southern sociology. In the further research the model can be used to define understudied issues, (re)assign countries concerning sociology and investigate the actual characteristics of Southern and Northern sociology in comparison to the ones presented in the research. У сучасній соціології зростає інтерес до досліджень самої соціології в глобальній перспективі, у тому числі, з позиції її поділу на соціологію Глобального Півдня та Глобальної Півночі. Такі дослідження звертаються, передусім, до виявлення нерівності у виробництві знань й академічних відносинах соціології регіонів. Результати цих досліджень є не систематизованими та користуються класичним поділом країн на Південь і Північ, що призводить до продукування однакових висновків на прикладі обмеженого ряду країн. У цій статті запропоновано інструмент для розв’язання цих проблем у вигляді моделі характеристик та відносин соціології з Глобального Півдня й Глобальної Півночі. Побудована на базі наявних досліджень соціології регіонів та їх відносин модель систематизовує ці дослідження в чотири категорії, кожна з яких уключає певні характеристики Північної й Південної соціології. Додатково в статті описано модель альтер-нативної незалежної південної соціології, що активно розвивається в останні роки. У подальших дослідженнях модель може використовуватися для актуалізації поділу країн на Південь та Північ із позиції соціології й визначення ще не досліджених тем цього напряму.

The Open Innovation in Science literature suggests university knowledge creation should be followed by knowledge dissemination to industry and the public. Although several entrepreneurial university models have been proposed in the literature explaining the role of knowledge production, extant studies generally assume that the elements required by and involved in university outbound innovation are automatically aligned. This conceptual piece introduces the corporate-inspired strategic alignment framework for entrepreneurial universities.\ud \ud In addition, this paper examines the strategic congruence among the individual, organisational and system levels and the functional congruence between knowledge and entrepreneurial capitals. It demonstrates how they can fulfil the increasingly complex role that they must play in science, industry, and society.

While there have been a number of studies of the political economy of knowledge production in Central Asia, the often exploitative relations between foreign and local researcher, there has been les...

Knowledge production within the interdisciplinary field of human–robot interaction (HRI) with social robots has accelerated, despite the continued fragmentation of the research domain. Together, these features make it hard to remain at the forefront of research or assess the collective evidence pertaining to specific areas, such as the role of emotions in HRI. This systematic review of state-of-the-art research into humans’ recognition and responses to artificial emotions of social robots during HRI encompasses the years 2000–2020. In accordance with a stimulus–organism–response framework, the review advances robotic psychology by revealing current knowledge about (1) the generation of artificial robotic emotions (stimulus), (2) human recognition of robotic artificial emotions (organism), and (3) human responses to robotic emotions (response), as well as (4) other contingencies that affect emotions as moderators.

Critical approaches to tourism knowledge production and representation alongside critical approaches to tourism as a lived experience outside academic circles (its impacts on places, peoples and ec...

A popular narrative in the U.S. gun debate concerns federal funding of gun research: Because of a right-wing backlash against gun-related public health research (centered on the controversial Kellermann et al. study), federal funding of gun research has been frozen since the mid-1990s. How accurate is this popular “funding freeze” narrative—or is the federal funding of gun research better described as a “chill”? If the latter, what kinds of funding have persisted within this “chill”? Drawing on public data on funded project abstracts from 1996 to 2016 from three major federal institutes (the National Institute of Justice, the National Science Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health), this paper shows that despite funding cuts to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), federal funding for gun research has continued, especially for studies that construct the focus of their study as gun crime. Specifically, we find that a criminal justice approach to the study of guns and gun-related topics dominates the project abstracts analyzed and that this approach also casts a shadow on other approaches—especially public health and social justice approaches—to the research of guns. Examining federally funded gun research from a social constructionist lens provides insight not just into federal funding of gun research but also into the dominant framings of gun policy within the United States: criminal justice approaches to gun research may reinforce an understanding of gun violence as a problem of crime and justify criminalizing strategies in gun policy.

Housing social movements, in the course of their everyday activities, continually share and produce knowledge, a process defined as learning. This paper addresses a gap in the literature on housing...

Online Social Networking Sites (SNSs) and other Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are transforming the epistemological foundations of justice systems and influencing knowledge production concerning criminal justice and its impact. This article focuses on a dimension of criminal justice which is the impact of imprisonment on families and seeks to unravel how knowledge about this problem is produced on SNSs. To this end, it draws on a study that explored conversational networks of key stakeholders on the SNS, Twitter. Building on insights from the study, the paper unravels interdependent sociotechnical dynamics that reproduce the offline marginality of affected families and operate as barriers to equitable knowledge production. Through its analysis of the dynamics, the paper provides new insights and advances the sparse criminological scholarship on the intersections of AI systems and the delivery of justice. It specifically highlights exclusionary epistemic processes that are fomented by the infrastructure of AI systems and the social contexts in which they are deployed.

In this paper I explore the relationship between Orientalism, empire-building and the development of the social sciences in the US during the long twentieth century. I focus on the construction of ...

This paper proposes to critically read the multiliteracies proposal through a decolonial lens. It has two fundamental aspects: one, of an epistemic nature, refers to the need to de-link the concept from a particular hegemonic scholarship so that local knowledge production may prevent literacy practices from universalisms and methodologization; the other, of a technological nature, refers to the need to de-link the concept of multiliteracies from its apparent subjection to the digital. RESUMO Este trabalho almeja uma leitura crítica, partindo das teorias decoloniais, da proposta original dos multiletramentos. A análise consiste de dois aspectos fundamentais; um, de natureza epistêmica, se refere à necessidade de afastar o conceito de multiletramentos de um uso hegemônico específico para que a produção de saberes locais possa inibir a universalização e a metodologização do conceito. O segundo aspecto, de natureza tecnológica, se refere à necessidade de destacar o conceito do efeito de parecer um quase sinônimo de letramentos digitais.

The identities of Indigenous young people in Australia have increasingly been recognized in the health and education research literature as being significant. Over half of the Indigenous population in Australia is under the age of 25 years, emphasizing the importance of centering the voices of this cohort. In this paper, two Indigenous scholars undertake an Indigenist analysis of the ways that the voices of Indigenous young people are present within knowledge production about them in relation to their identities. This paper presents a number of themes that emerge from the analysis of how the voices of Indigenous young people in Australia are privileged in the literature, highlighting the significance of closer examination of knowledge paradigms and representations. Creating a deeper understanding of identity and the impact on wellbeing through their lens as Indigenous young people is critical for improving policy and program development as well as future research.

One of the central goals of doctoral programs is to develop independent researchers and scholars who will lead the next generation of knowledge production. Despite extant evidence of inequalities in doctoral education, few studies have closely examined the experiences of first-generation college students who pursue a Ph.D. We examine how first-generation and continuing-generation doctoral students conceptualize the role of the faculty advisor/principal investigator (PI) in supporting their development as researchers. Our analysis of interviews from 111 first-year Ph.D. students in the biological sciences indicates that first-generation and continuing-generation students had similar overarching conceptions of PIs and the role of PIs in their development. However, the two groups ascribed different meanings to the same concepts. First-generation students expected more direct, skill-based guidance and assistance with learning to do research the “right” way. Conversely, continuing-generation students expected independence and support for their specific needs. We rely on Bourdieu’s conceptualization of habitus to explain these differences and conclude by offering implications for advancing equity in doctoral education and supporting first-generation students, particularly regarding the alignment of student–advisor expectations.

This paper estimates knowledge production functions for the Chinese economy using provincial-level data over the years 2008 through 2016. First, the number of R&D personnel, funding, and the access...

The aim of this article is to emphasise physicality and embodiment in child-centred research, fieldwork and intellectual activity. It will argue that research is not a separate form of action, placing the researcher in a position of epistemological privilege, but an embodied capacity developed through practical activity. This will be explored through an examination of the ‘least-adult’ positionality. Drawing from a large ethnographic study of primary schools in Dublin, Ireland, this article contends that the body must be put at the centre of the research process. I introduce the conceptualisation of the ‘passive’ and ‘active’ body, as key components for the relational context of fieldwork. Moreover, through an engagement with phenomenology, it is argued here that knowledge production is an embodied capacity developed through a sensuous relationship with the field.

This article surveys the diasporic life and legacy of the Ethiopian ecclesiastic Täsfa Ṣeyon. After examining his origins in the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia and the circumstances of his arrival in mid-sixteenth-century Rome, the article outlines his contributions to the evolving Latin Catholic understanding of Ethiopia. Täsfa Ṣeyon was a librarian, copyist, teacher, translator, author, and community leader, as well as a prominent adviser to European humanist scholars and Church authorities concerned with orientalistphilologia sacraas it pertained to Ethiopian Orthodox (täwaḥedo) Christianity. As such, he was a key extra-European agent in the Tridentine project of Ethiopianist and Eastern Christian knowledge production. The article also surveys the complex modern legacy of Täsfa Ṣeyon's career, documenting his posthumous influence in the fields of Ethiopianist Semitic studies and Ethiopian vernacular historiography.

Geographies of inclusion have largely been ignored in Management & Organization Studies (MOS), which tend to be encased within global white Western power over knowledge production. In this paper, I contribute to how non-Western contexts can serve as a counterpoint, yet avoid sharp dichotomies, concerning hegemonic Western discourse in geographies of inclusion. Through ethnography, I seek to provide some answers to the question: How does inclusion happen and how can it be theorised in non-Western contexts. Two central ideas of the paper are: 1. MOS can and should learn from non-Western contexts. Indigenous inclusion, specifically linked to Adivasis in India, illustrates how geographical contexts matter for theorising inclusion which can be enriched by examining non-Western contexts; and 2. Liberation theology through discernment and contemplative action, can provide insights and probe the possibilities of the nature of inclusion. I make no claim to a sole interpretation, rather I offer a guiding framework, grounded in an empirical contribution, for a nuanced understanding of Indigenous inclusion. My poignant hope is to invite other adaptations and traditions to further enrich and unveil understandings of geographies of inclusion for MOS.

The prevalence of publication pedagogy in doctoral education has created a hybrid space in which doctoral work is done. The emphasis on knowledge production is increasingly making doctoral students...

The imperative for decolonial research methodology has been long discoursed in academia. However, there remains a rift between dominant colonial research practices in the academy and the needs of researchers of color. In this article, I explore autohistoria-teoría as a decolonial research methodology by weaving between personal narrative, magical thinking, and contemporary academic discourse on autoethnographical research methods. I will exemplify both the uniqueness and importance of spirit in Anzaldúa’s iteration of autohistoria-teoría. Finally, I will challenge the academy’s perception of autoethnographical research methods as navel gazing and reframe autohistoria-teoría as decolonial praxis, and as such does not need adhere to the validity paradigm of western hegemonic knowledge production.

Hinging on the collaboration-induced knowledge diffusion literature, this paper aims at investigating how the landscape of knowledge production and diffusion has changed over the years and whether there is evidence of knowledge convergence among European regions. Using the European Union Framework Programme data from 1984 to 2016 and network analysis and regressions, we show that there are signs of knowledge convergence within the NUTS2 regions of Europe. Even though the top performers persist over the years, convergence is much stronger among the less developed regions even after controlling for R&D expenditures, patent applications, and human resources in science and technology. Our results have implications for knowledge generation, diffusion, and the design of cohesion policy in Europe.

Responding to recent work in critical cartographic studies and Black Geographies, the purpose of this paper is to offer a conceptual framework and a set of evocative cartographic engagements that can inform geography as it recovers the seldom discussed history of counter-mapping within the African American Freedom Struggle. Black resistant cartographies stretch what constitutes a map, the political work performed by maps, and the practices, spaces, and political-affective dimensions of mapping. We offer an extended illustration of the conventional and unconventional mapping behind USA anti-lynching campaigns of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, highlighting the knowledge production practices of the NAACP and the Tuskegee Institute’s Monroe Work, and the embodied counter-mapping of journalist/activist Ida B. Wells. Recognizing that civil rights struggles are long, always unfolding, and relationally tied over time and space, we link this look from the past to contemporary, ongoing resistant cartographical practices as scholars/activists continue to challenge racialized violence and advance transitional justice, including the noted memory-work of the Equal Justice Initiative. An understanding of African American traditions of counter-mapping is about more than simply inserting the Black experience into our dominant ideas about cartography or even resistant mapping. Black geographies has much to teach cartography and geographers about what people of color engaged in antiracist struggles define as geographic knowledge and mapping practices on their own terms—hopefully provoking a broader and more inclusive definition of the discipline itself.

Janine Dahinden and Bridget Anderson discuss each other’s responses to the challenges of knowledge production in migration studies. Dahinden introduces the concept of the “migrant-citizen nexus” and Anderson argues for more attention to be paid to the racialisation of “the migrant” through the ways that nationality elides race and discuss the nationalistic policies adopted in reaction to the pandemic.

This current review of research tells a richly detailed story of the evolving intellectual structure of teacher emotion research during 35 years starting from 1985 until 2019, through identifying 812 articles and using a descriptive quantitative analysis approach. The developmental trend reveals a substantial change in the volume of publications recently, although the overall volume of research is still relatively low. Findings identify that, although quantitative methods were the most commonly used, qualitative and mixed methods of research have undergone a marked increase in the past ten years. However, as the majority of articles have been exploratory-oriented, intervention and experimental studies are largely lacking, resulting in the “so-what” story being missing. A functionalist perspective suggests that knowledge production in teacher emotion research is either at a late first stage or an emerging second stage. This effort lays a foundation on which to interpret the evolution of the teacher emotion literature.

Inequality is the pervasive structural characteristic of academic knowledge production. To dismantle this inequality, the challenge raised by prefigurative politics which is based on an ethos of congruence between means and ends must be taken up by the International Journal of the Sociology of Language. The IJSL’s peer review process, its academic conventions and its access model can potentially be spaces for concrete practices that prefigure parity in academic knowledge production.

Pre-understanding – our presuppositions of reality – underlies all research. Many researchers probably also draw productively on their pre-understanding in their studies. However, very few rationales and methodological resources exist for how researchers can enrich their research by mobilizing their pre-understanding more actively and systematically. We elaborate and propose a framework for how researchers more actively, systematically and visibly can bring forward their pre-understanding and use it as a positive input in research, alongside formal data and theory. In particular, we show how researchers, in dialogue with data and theory, can mobilize their pre-understanding as an interpretation-enhancer and horizon-expander throughout the research process, including stimulating imagination and idea generation, broadening the empirical base, and evaluating what empirical material and theoretical ideas are interesting and relevant to pursue.

I argue that theories of global modernity/world society offer a promising inter-disciplinary approach for theorizing the Middle East. They provide a conceptual umbrella for a rejuvenated Area Studi...

In this article, I reflect upon the persistence of racial injustice and sexism in the process of knowledge production. This gendered racial injustice is seen in publication rates, citation rates, and appointments to editorial boards. The underrepresentation of women in general, and black women in particular, discursively constructs scholarly enquiry as normatively white and masculine. The exclusion of nonwhite scholars partially emanates from a reliance on Euro-American theoretical frameworks that are applied, often uncritically, in other contexts as if the Euro-American experience were universal. The result is scholarship that is incongruous with local experiences and practices. As theJournal of Language and Sexualitycelebrates its tenth year of publication, it would benefit from including epistemic perspectives that are pluralistic in ontologies, cosmologies, and insights.

Educational research results on teachers and teaching are often criticized due to the lack of connection between knowledge production in academic settings and the reality of teachers’ work. One of ...

A post-human “transformation thesis” has emerged which posits that global politics is being radically altered by digital technologies and datafication. There is a polemical tendency to generalise about macro-level revolutions in both the techniques of governance and knowledge production across different political spheres, ranging from international security to development, humanitarianism and human rights. By instead applying a meso-level lens on global politics, this article cautions against excessive generalisations about epistemic transformations. It does so by emphasising the ways in which technological changes are mediated through field-specific struggles. This point is illustrated by demonstrating the absence of a radical data revolution within the field of global human rights advocacy. Through a sociological analysis of leading human rights NGOs and their epistemic cultures, it shows how that the field's humanistic sub-culture limits the adoption of novel digital- and data-centric practices.

In this article, we discuss the issue of migration of highly qualified academics who developed in the Western education system and decided to work in Poland. While the migration flows between global centres and aspiring higher education systems are increasing, the flow of academics to the peripheries remains largely under-researched. Poland is certainly not the centre of knowledge production, but its peripheral status should be further theorized. Polish universities are unable to compete with their Western counterparts. Thus, the first research question of this paper is: Why do scholars educated in Western Europe and Northern America decide to work in the peripheries? The second one is, how do they adapt to the working conditions that are significantly different from what they were used to? This paper presents the results of nationwide research carried out among foreign-born academics working at Polish universities. The interviews (in-depth biographically-focused interviews) concerned their motivation to move to Poland, their career paths, research productivity, the perception of Poland as a place to live, future plans, among other topics. The overarching framework for this paper is the ‘employment lifecycle’ theory introduced by John Lavelle (Lavelle, 2007).

Traditional universities are often interrogated on their pedagogic underpinnings, while universities of technology are often left unchallenged on knowledge production. Universities of technology are often assumed to be transformed because they are a post-apartheid creation, with a mainly black, working-class student body. This assumption has led to little interrogation of the university of technology and its relationship with knowledge production. This paper explores the nature of curriculum contestation and reform at a university of technology. It outlines the historical context of a university of technology and its approach to curriculum development, which has implications for current curriculum transformation efforts. Using autoethnographic research methodology, the paper tracks a multi-year journey towards the development of a transformative, socially just curriculum intervention in the extended curriculum programme for the Architecture and Interior Design programme at a university of technology. The paper concludes that curriculum change does not happen in a vacuum, that it is political, difficult and emotionally taxing, and that it is best done in collaboration with different education stakeholders.

This paper explores the knowledge production practices and mobilizations in public and popular discourse that have discursively shaped the most recent initiative to revitalize Moss Park and the com...

The complex relationship between climate knowledge production and political action has long been discussed. Critical and post-colonial analyses have looked at how models, used to produce scientific...

In this article, we argue that inflation increases complexity pertaining to knowledge production (or R&D). Then, we expand a recently developed complexity index based on entropy to include the effe...