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The visual communication of financial information is commonplace and involves numerous facets, including the use of color. At the same time, perception of color influences behavior. Through eight experiments, we show that using red color to represent financial data impacts individuals’ risk preferences, expectations of future stock returns, and trading decisions. The effects are not present in colorblind individuals and are muted in China, where red represents prosperity. Other colors, including yellow and blue, do not generate the same effects. Overall, we demonstrate that simple perceptual processes influence complex investor behavior, which is important given society’s increasing reliance on visual communication. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.

Corporate groups or networks, which are defined as collections of two or more legally independent firms connected through ownership ties, are prevalent in both developed and developing countries. The separate effects of firm centrality and corporate group size on firm performance have been largely discussed in the literature. However, the effect of their interaction remains underexplored. This paper attempts to fill the gap by introducing a new normalized measure of firm centrality independent of corporate group size. Our empirical analysis is based on a set of global corporate networks encompassing 17.8 million firms and the ownership ties between them extracted from the ORBIS database in 2014. We further investigate the firm performance in the corporate networks above by gathering financial information on 483,835 Italian firms from the AIDA database from 2014 to 2016. We find a positive relationship between firm centrality and firm performance, but the significance of the relationship decreases as corporate group size increases.

The aim of this study is to examine the dimensions (e.g., facilitating conditions (FC), performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE) and social influence (SI)) that influence behavioural int...

This paper examines the impact of entrepreneurship on the efficiency of household financial portfolios by constructing Sharpe ratios and Sortino ratios of seven kinds of financial assets, based on ...

In this paper, we examine whether stock market imperfection plays a role in a firm's decision to release non‐financial information and if so, what the underlying channels are. To address our questions, we web‐scraped corporate social responsibility (CSR) news to form a sample of publicly traded non‐financial US firms from CSRwire and explored exogeneous variation in stock valuation driven by institutional price pressure. Our empirical results show that firms facing stock market undervaluation are more likely than others to release CSR news. This effect is concentrated among firms exhibiting low levels of CSR commitment and low stock price informativeness. Finally, we provide evidence that the stock market reacts positively to CSR news released by undervalued firms and more so for undervalued firms with high information asymmetry.

SMEs have a very important performance in any current economy because they contribute both to the generation of wealth and to the creation of jobs. In this article we analyze a sample of 12,658 Catalan SMEs and show the level of association that exists between some of their financial ratios to construct a synthetic measure that explains their business size. For the study of financial ratios, we used three data analysis techniques first, and to find the optimal number of clusters, we used the Two-Phase Clusters algorithm. Subsequently, and once the optimal number of groups was known, the most probable business size (cluster) for each company was calculated through a Fuzzy Clustering analysis. Finally, the optimal cluster, estimated for each company, was validated with a Probit model. The results allowed knowing that the size reported by each company is not necessarily equal to the synthetic measure proposed in this article. It is suggested to validate our results with an accounting analysis, other equally robust methodologies or algorithms, such as neural networks.

This study seeks to advance research related to eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL). XBRL is an open standard for reporting structured financial information which enables the efficient gathering of data and automated comparison of financial information. To encourage research using XBRL we describe the richness of XBRL data and sources from which it can be obtained. We also present a review of relevant XBRL literature, beginning with studies examining the consequences of XBRL adoption and data quality concerns that arose during this timeframe. We next discuss the use of extended XBRL tags and implications of this decision for users of financial reports. The following related literature stream includes studies that leverage XBRL tags to identify unique numerical, or textual data that is otherwise unavailable or requires manual data collection. We conclude the review with a discussion of auditors’ potential use and assurance of XBRL data. Based on the review of the literature, we identify topics with the greatest potential for future research. Data Availability: Data are available from http://www.xbrlresearch.com.

The accuracy of economic decisions depends on the quality of financial information, coming mainlyfrom financial statements prepared by economic and other entities. In times of the pandemic, the threats tocontinuing economic activity appear to be greater. Hence, there is a need to develop hedging instruments. Goodinformation could protect many entities from the risk of bankruptcy. Such entities need transparent, easy tocalculate indicators informing them about the impending crisis. When analysing exposures in financialstatements, one can see that their volume is constantly increasing and recipients complain about the decreasingreadability. The aim of the article is to create such information which would allow the entrepreneur to reactquickly and dynamically to the weakening of his activity to create simple indicators to assess the situation, toseparate items on the balance sheet, which would pose a risk of bankruptcy

Purpose Auditors are required to perform analytical procedures during the planning and concluding phases of the audit. Such procedures typically use data aggregated at a high level. The authors investigate whether artificial neural networks, a more sophisticated technique for analytical review than typically used by auditors, may be effective when using high level data. Design/methodology/approach Data from companies operating in the dairy industry were used to train an artificial neural network. Data with and without material seeded errors were used to test alternative techniques. Findings Results suggest that the artificial neural network approach was not significantly more effective (taking into account both Type I and II errors) than traditional ratio and regression analysis, and none of the three approaches provided more overall effectiveness than a purely random procedure. However, the artificial neural network approach did yield considerably fewer Type II errors than the other methods, which suggests artificial neural networks could be a candidate to improve the performance of analytical procedures in circumstances where Type II error rates are the primary concern of the auditor. Originality/value The authors extend the work of Coakley and Brown (1983) by investigating the application of artificial neural networks as an analytical procedure using aggregated data. Furthermore, the authors examine multiple companies from one industry and supplement financial information with both exogenous industry and macro-economic data.

Firms are increasingly engaging in alliances, and managers need to set strategic priorities for their alliance portfolios. This study defines the relative priority firms place on specific types of alliances over others (i.e., strategic alliance emphasis). Using data on firm alliances and financial information, this study empirically examines how strategic alliance emphasis and marketing efficiency impact firm value in various technological environments. The results indicate that alliance success depends on a firm’s marketing efficiency. We also find that the technological environment plays a moderating role in this relationship. This study contributes to the literature on strategic alliances by testing how various types of strategic alliances affect firm value. The results can provide managers with guidance on handling their alliance portfolios.

Subject. This article deals with the simulation technologies based on the principles of stochastic optimization. They can bring a significant financial effect in the planning of investment development of both individual innovation and industrial clusters and federal districts of the country. Objectives. The article aims to investigate the mechanisms of inter-cluster cooperation within a single district. Methods. For the analysis, we used a stochastic optimization model in view of economic, financial, information, and logistics inter-cluster cooperation within a single federal district. Results. The considered stochastic optimization model of economic, financial, information, and logistics inter-cluster cooperation shows that the increase in fixed investment does not always cause population growth in the federal district regions. Conclusions. The use of a digital twin mechanism of inter-cluster cooperation can help avoid premature unreasonable public policy management decisions regarding the further development of innovation and industrial clusters.

In this study, the impact of business and financial information integration (BFII) on the voluntary management earnings forecasts (VMEFs) of listed firms in China between 2008 and 2018 is investigated. Drawing on litigation cost and ability signaling theories, we find that the adoption of BFII encourages top managers to disclose VMEFs. BFII firms are identified through the textual analysis of management discussion and analysis (MD&A) reports, and the empirical results indicate that BFII firms have a higher probability and frequency of issuing VMEFs than non-BFII firms. The results remain robust after we identify causality by applying a propensity score matching and difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) test and use an alternate measure of BFII. Further tests show that BFII firms issue more accurate VMEFs and are able to issue them at an earlier stage. We also find that the positive relationship between BFII and VMEFs is weakened if the media expresses concern about the uncertainty of BFII adoption.

Financial information literacy helps to manage earnings, especially among those students who study non-commerce subjects. Thus, this study attempts to explore the differences in such literacy through their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. A well-structured instrument was used to gather data from 382 non-commerce students in universities in Pakistan using a multi stage sampling technique. Analyses were conducted through percentage of correct response technique and group comparisons. The findings indicate an average level of financial knowledge among university students. The demographic differences reveal that most of the students are male, graduate, with age above 26, enrolled in a private university, residing in dormitories, and score higher in academic subjects are more financially literate. While the socioeconomic differences indicate that those students who follow family advice, study minor finance courses, maintain a bank account, and have higher parental income are more knowledgeable about finance. The study recommends arranging awareness sessions to impart financial knowledge to students.

Statement No. 26, Accounting Standard for Retirement Benefits, requires Japanese firms to recognize previously off-balance sheet pension liabilities on their balance sheets. We explore auditors' responses to recognized versus disclosed pension liabilities in the Japanese audit market. We use a pre-Statement No. 26 versus post-Statement No. 26 setting to analyze whether and how disclosed versus recognized pension information affects audit fees and costs. We show that disclosed pension liabilities are processed similarly to recognized previously off-balance sheet pension liabilities when audit fees are determined. However, we find that associations with audit costs differ between disclosed and recognized pension liabilities. We also find that audit costs' differential relations with disclosed and recognized pension liabilities are particularly pronounced for firms with a large pension plan deficit. Overall, our results suggest that auditors scrutinize recognized amounts more closely than disclosed financial information, thereby increasing the reliability of accounting information. JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M48.

PurposeThis study examines the effect that environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure generates on the cost of equity capital in the food and beverage (F&B) sector.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyses a sample of 171 international listed firms pertaining to the F&B sector and headquartered in North America, Western Europe and Asia Pacific (developed), forming an unbalanced panel of 1,316 observations, spanning the period 2010–2019. We run a fixed-effects panel regression model to test the relationship between ESG disclosure and the cost of equity capital.FindingsOur empirical outcomes suggest a significant negative relationship between ESG disclosure and the cost of equity capital. We find support for the notion that increased levels of ESG disclosure are linked to an improved access to financial resources for firms.Originality/valueThis is the first study that analyses the impact of ESG disclosure on the cost of equity capital in the F&B sector, taking existing literature a step further into more detailed and specific aspects of the relationship of focus.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of IFRS mandatory adoption on accounting conservatism and to shed light on the drivers of such impact.,Using a sample of listed firms for five Latin American countries, the authors analyze the relation between mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and the conditional accounting conservatism of earnings.,The authors find evidence that IFRS adoption boosts earnings conservatism. This result is robust and heterogeneous. The results also show that the effect of IFRS differs across firms and countries. Specifically, the impact of IFRS adoption is higher for low-earnings-quality firms and for firms with high levels of investment opportunities.,The results suggest that IFRS adoption in Latin America has enhanced comparability of financial information both across and within countries.,This paper contributes to the literature by providing new evidence on the drivers of the impacts of IFRS adoption in emerging markets.,Este articulo analiza el impacto de la adopcion obligatoria de las Normas Internacionales de Informacion contable (IFRS o NIIF) en el conservadurismo contable y aclara los determinantes de dicho impacto.,Usamos una muestra de empresas listadas en cinco paises latinoamericanos para analizar la relacion entre la adopcion obligatoria de IFRS y el conservadurismo contable condicional.,Encontramos evidencia de que la adopcion de IFRS aumenta el conservadurismo contable. Este resultado es robusto y heterogeneo. Nuestros resultados tambien muestran que el efecto de IFRS en conservadurismo difiere entre empresas y paises. En particular, el impacto de IFRS es mayor para firmas con baja calidad contable y altos niveles de oportunidades de inversion.,Nuestros resultados sugieren que la adopcion de IFRS en Latinoamerica fomento la comparabilidad de los estados financieros tanto intra como entre paises.,Nuestro estudio contribuye a la literatura proveyendo evidencia nueva sobre los determinantes de los impactos de la adopcion de IFRS en mercados emergentes.

The integrated report (IR) is a new reporting tool connecting financial and nonfinancial information, in one report. The aim of IR is to present the firm's value creation over time. In recent years, IR has received both increasing academic and professional interest. Recent researches have focused on the potentialities (and criticalities) of IR and on its determinants, while there is a dearth of studies examining the value relevance of the information disclosed through IR for investors. Furthermore, in the literature, there are two competing views on IR usefulness for investors, one positing IR as beneficial, the other, detrimental to investors. Our study intends to contribute to the existing literature by systematically reviewing the empirical studies conducted until now in a thorough and unbiased manner, allowing more general conclusions to be drawn about the phenomenon than is possible from individual studies and to give some insights for further research activities.

Recent accounting and financial researches suggest that the IFRS adoption leads to high-quality financial information characterized by their honesty. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the imp...

Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) is intended to make analysis easier and faster by enhancing the exchange of financial information. Such benefits from this global reporting standard would stem from more timely, accurate, and transparent financial reporting. This article investigates whether internal control weaknesses (ICWs) in firms have an impact on the timeliness of financial reporting in XBRL format. The results of our analyses show that the filing lags of firms with ICWs are longer than those of firms without ICWs for their first detail tagged XBRL disclosure. The results also reveal that firms with ICWs are more likely to use the grace period in their initial XBRL disclosures. The length of the grace period used by firms with ICWs is longer than that of firms without ICWs. Furthermore, our additional analyses reveal that the XBRL mandate has affected firms’ filing behaviors differently depending on firm characteristics such as firm size. Overall, our findings indicate that the impact of ICWs on the timeliness of financial reporting is greater under the mandated XBRL disclosure.

This paper shows accrual-based government financial information is an effective indicator of fiscal risk. The authors analysed the association of accrual-based government financial information (gov...

The article shows the importance of accounts receivable in the financial structure of state entities (purely government entities and state companies), and the challenge of standardizing accounting ...

Directive 2014/95/EU (the EU Directive) requires large companies to disclose information on the way they operate and manage social and environmental challenges, thus shifting the disclosure of non‐financial information (NFI) from the voluntary to the mandatory realm. Building on the idea that regulatory changes can shape stakeholder expectations, we hypothesized that legitimacy (agency) theory's ability to predict NFI disclosure after the implementation of the EU Directive, and hence after NFI disclosure became mandatory, would decrease (increase). By relying on a hand‐collected data set measuring NFI disclosure, we have found that legitimacy theory maintains its predictive ability in the new mandatory setting, while agency theory's predictive ability partially increases.

This article evaluates the maturity of the accountability process of social health organisations (SHOs) in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, reviewing financial information disclosed by 33 SHOs in 20...

Severe fiscal problems, the insufficient comparability of financial information and increasing demands for better accountability require national governments and international organizations to change their current accounting regimes and to move towards a system of standardized accounting practices. As the International Public Sector Accounting Standards have insufficiently moved Europe towards accounting harmonization in recent years, the European Commission currently aims to suggest the adoption of European Public Sector Accounting Standards. Based on a multinational survey among budget experts, the current article investigates budget experts’ perceptions towards adopting the European Public Sector Accounting Standards. The findings compare attitudes towards new accounting practices and European Public Sector Accounting Standards reform expectations on a comparative basis, and relate them to the current national accounting system and contextual factors. Empirical results indicate great variation in terms of European Public Sector Accounting Standards reform expectations across countries. The study concludes with discussing the implications of the findings for international accounting research, accounting harmonization and the development of a European accounting system. Points for practitioners In this early stage of European Public Sector Accounting Standards development, understanding the factors associated with a country’s decision to adopt them could be helpful for practitioners and professionals. The current study identifies information technology costs as a potential barrier to implementing the European Public Sector Accounting Standards. Politicians and standard setters might take this into account while developing the European Public Sector Accounting Standards. Furthermore, this article reveals that encouraging the voluntary introduction of accrual accounting in the first stage of European Public Sector Accounting Standards development might be the appropriate approach of the European Commission.

The article is devoted to the problems of transformation of the management accounting system and the information included in geological exploration, which involves the modernization of the management accounting system in the industry, which can provide internal and external users with financial and non-financial information, the introduction of non-financial reporting forms in practice, the modification of existing methods and applied technologies, convergence financial, economic and technological aspects in the course of standardization of accounting and reporting, as well as the development of a methodological mechanism that allows for effective management accounting in the framework of geological exploration. The author examined the Russian accounting practice which showed that management information support is carried out within the framework of financial accounting, which creates confusion in reporting. Information is often duplicated, causing errors in reporting indicators, on the basis of which incorrect management decisions are made. Currently, Russian accounting and reporting are developing in parallel with the economic realities of the state. Inconsistency with the nature of transformations and the level of development of the economic mechanism may lead to a decrease in the qualitative characteristics of the accounting information generated in the economy. A study of the evolution of the development of domestic accounting and reporting has led to the conclusion that interested users are interested not only in financial performance indicators, but also non-financial indicators that disclose economic, social and environmental aspects of the activity. The latter can be defined as a global challenge of an economic nature, which especially concerns the extractive industries, and, accordingly, geological activity in the search for deposits.

The traditional model of systematic amortization over its useful life was replaced by the annual application of an impairment test, with the intention of correcting the problems of the lack of relevance and difficulty in estimating said useful life of the previous regulatory framework. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the application of the impairment test between 2005 and 2015 in the main European banks has overcome these problems or whether, on the contrary, its application by managers has been discretionary, opportunistic and arbitrary, presenting, as a result, artificially inflated earnings. Our results obtained show that systematic amortisation has been replaced by opportunistic impairment, which does not reflect the economic conditions underlying the financial activity of the main European banks, which gives rise to less relevant financial information and possible harmful pro-cyclical effects.

We examine whether professional forecasters incorporate high-frequency information about credit conditions when revising their economic forecasts. Using a mixed data sampling regression approach, we find that daily credit spreads have significant predictive ability for monthly forecast revisions of output growth, at both the aggregate and individual forecast levels. The relationships are shown to be notably strong during ‘bad’ economic conditions, which suggests that forecasters anticipate more pronounced effects of credit tightening during economic downturns, indicating an amplification effect of financial developments on macroeconomic aggregates. The forecasts do not incorporate all financial information received in equal measures, implying the presence of information rigidities in the incorporation of credit spread information.

RESUMEN: El presente estudio tiene por objeto examinar el efecto de la implementación de los Estándares Internacionales de Información Financiera (IFRS, por sus siglas en inglés), en términos de la comparabilidad de la información financiera de las empresas que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Colombia, entre el periodo previo (2011 y 2013) y el de aplicación de los estándares (2015 y 2017). Por lo tanto, se parte de una metodología en la que se analizan los estados financieros anuales de 65 de estas corporaciones, en lo referente a las políticas, los tratamientos contables y las revelaciones del rubro de propiedades, planta y equipo; de igual modo, se establecen índices de Herfindahl para calcular el grado de armonización material de estas prácticas. En la investigación se encuentra que, en el corto plazo, se ha generado un aumento relevante en la divulgación de la información financiera bajo IFRS; no obstante, aún se tiene bastante potencial de mejora en aspectos como la presentación de la medición posterior por el modelo de la revaluación, los métodos de depreciación y el deterioro de estos activos. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in terms of the comparability of the financial information of companies listed on the Colombian Stock Exchange before (2011 and 2013) and after (2015 and 2017) the implementation of such standards. This work follows a methodology that addresses the annual financial statements of 65 companies, regarding policies, accounting treatments and disclosures of property, plant and equipment. In addition, Herfindahl indices are established in order to calculate the degree of material harmonization of these practices. This research found that, in the short term, there has been a significant increase in the disclosure of financial information under IFRS. However, there is still a lot of potential for improvement in aspects such as the presentation of the subsequent measurement by the revaluation model, depreciation methods, and the impairment of assets. RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo é examinar o efeito da implantação das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade (IFRS, em inglês), quanto à comparabilidade da informação financeira das empresas que cotizam na Bolsa de Valores da Colômbia, entre o período prévio (2011 e 2013) e o de aplicação das Normas (2015 e 2017). Portanto, parte-se de uma metodologia na qual são analisados os balanços financeiros anuais de 65 dessas corporações, no que se refere às políticas, aos tratamentos contabilísticos e às demonstrações da categoria de propriedades, planta e equipe; além disso, são estabelecidos índices de Herfindahl para calcular o grau de harmonização material dessas práticas. Nesta pesquisa, verifica-se que, em curto prazo, foi gerado um aumento relevante na divulgação da informação financeira sob o IFRS; contudo, ainda há bastante potencial de melhoria em aspectos como a apresentação da medição posterior pelo modelo da reavaliação, dos métodos de depreciação e da deterioração desses ativos. RÉSUMÉ: Le but de cette étude est d'examiner l'effet de la mise en œuvre des Normes internationales d'information financière (IFRS), en termes de comparabilité des informations financières des sociétés cotées à la Bourse de Colombie, entre la période précédente (2011 et 2013) et celle de l'application des normes (2015 et 2017). Par conséquent, elle se base sur une méthodologie dans laquelle on analyse les états financiers annuels de 65 de ces sociétés, en ce qui concerne les politiques, les traitements comptables et les informations à fournir sur la rubrique immobilisations corporelles; de même, on établit des indices Herfindahl pour calculer le degré d'harmonisation matérielle de ces pratiques. L'enquête met en évidence que, à court terme, il y a eu une augmentation significative de la divulgation d'informations financières selon les IFRS; néanmoins, il y a encore beaucoup de potentiel d'amélioration sur des aspects tels que la présentation de l'évaluation ultérieure par le modèle de réévaluation, les modes d'amortissement et la dégradation de ces actifs.

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to provide the state of the art in the academic and professional debate on the disclosure quality of NFI. This analysis is driven by the need to feature the dimensions of NFI quality that should be considered to improve the current regulatory framework towards a more transparent disclosure.Design/methodology/approachThe research is an integrative literature review that assesses and synthesizes the scientific knowledge and the annexed documents collected during the public consultation for the Review of Non-financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) on the disclosure quality of non-financial information (NFI).FindingsFindings show that there is a common consensus between scientific literature and the annexed documents of the consultation process on the Review of the NFRD on the need to enhance a double-materiality perspective, to provide specific contents on sustainability issues, to clarify the relevance of NFI, and to embed NFI into the management report in an integrated manner. Furthermore, there is an alignment related to timeliness in favour of a risk management procedure and a forward-looking approach.Research limitations/implicationsThe research engages the debate on the NFI disclosure quality, in light of the recent Review of NRFD and the new Proposal of Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive that extends and enhances the non-binding reporting guidelines of NFI.Practical implicationsThe research provides a dashboard of the dimensions of NFI disclosure quality that aggregates the academics' and practitioners' knowledge systematically. It shows the interplay between the scholarly developments and the recent measures arisen in the consultation process to undertake NFI disclosure quality.Originality/valueThe research provides a lens to analyse, classify and interpret the insights emerged during the consultation process of the NFRD.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether there are information leaks immediately before CEOs change and – if so – whether some investors take financial advantage of such prior knowledge. It thirdly investigates the ethical, practical and professional options for communication managers to deal with such situations.Design/methodology/approachWorking from sentiment theory of financial markets, the authors studied Internet search patterns for incoming CEO names and stock market movements immediately prior to the public mention or speculation of CEO change.FindingsThe authors find that in nearly a quarter of CEO changes at Fortune 500 companies, the name of the future CEO seems to have been leaked. Additionally, nearly half of those companies also experience extreme, otherwise unexplainable movements in the stock market.Originality/valueThis paper discovers the prevalence of extreme stock market movements for a company when the name of that company's next CEO has likely been leaked. Such leaks are an opportunity for unscrupulous investors, but they create ethical dilemmas for organizations. Communication managers typically respond by organizing tighter governance. However, to keep up with the speed of information and investments traveling through algorithms, organizing radical transparency could become an alternative instead.

This article analyzes the impact of mandatory disclosure of non-financial information in the financial statements of business corporations. The research method is regression and correlation analysis and statistical testing of hypotheses. The sample for empirical research is compiled from the accounting statements of all corporations traded on the Czech capital market in the period from 2013 to 2018 and contain 264 reports. The results of the research confirmed the growing trend of publishing non-financial information and at the same time a significant share of large corporations compared to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The positive result of the research testifies about the following of global trends in the reporting of non-financial information by corporations on the Czech capital market, but despite the efforts of regulators, significant differences in the quantity and quality of reports were confirmed.

Entrepreneurs are vital for the success of any country, especially that of emerging and newly emerging economies. In this article, we look at how financial information sharing by entrepreneurs impa...

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to ensure the sustainability of the competitive advantages of internet financial enterprises. In recent years, driven by the two wheels of financial market and information technology, the internet finance has experienced an extremely rapid development.Design/methodology/approachBased on the performance expectation, effort expectation, social influence and purchase intention of UTAUT model, an empirical examination was conducted. Specifically, the authors made the user purchasing behavior as the dependent variable and added some new factors such as perceived risk, individual innovation and product cognition as the independent variables in the model, and they also added user gender and experience as regulated variables, so as to study the impact factors that affect the purchasing behavior. In addition, the authors also studied the impact of social network friend recommendations on consumers’ willingness to purchase.FindingsThe research results showed that effort expectation, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, purchase intention, awareness and individual innovation have a positive effect on the behavior of buying financial products, whereas the perceived risk has a negative effect on the behavior of buying internet financial products. Additionally, in the context of social networking, social network friend recommendations have a positive impact on consumers’ willingness to purchase.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is based on the integrated technology acceptance model, which makes the user purchasing behavior as the dependent variable and adds some new factors such as perceived risk, individual innovation and product cognition as the independent variables. However, the research on recommendation between social network friends is not deep enough, so further improvement is needed.Practical implicationsThis study can enrich the existing theories on the interpretation of the intention of using internet financial products, help internet financial enterprises understand user behavior and demands better, and improve service quality and customer satisfaction.Originality/valueThis study provides an empirical examination of UTAUT model and social network analysis.

RESUMEN: Uno de los problemas de la implementación de NIIF, es la dificultad para hallar el valor razonable de los activos, al ser altamente subjetiva y al existir diferentes bases de medición. Lo anterior ha ocasionado conflictos en la toma de decisiones, debido especialmente a la baja comparabilidad y oportunidad de la información financiera. El presente trabajo pretende aportar a la discusión sobre las bases de medición del valor razonable, especialmente en la cuenta de Propiedad, Planta y Equipo, teniendo en cuenta la normatividad internacional y la colombiana. Mediante un análisis de la literatura existente, se abordarán tres variables: los conceptos de medición y valor; las bases de medición aplicables a la Propiedad, Planta y Equipo y finalmente la medición de este ítem en Colombia. Mediante este trabajo de tipo cualitativo y descriptivo, se advierte que el proceso de valoración de activos debe evolucionar, tanto en el mercado inmobiliario colombiano, como en los procedimientos de valoración, lo que involucra cambios en el orden normativo colombiano, en vista que se observan falencias entre las bases normativas colombianas con los enfoques sugeridos en la NIIF 131. Es así como se hace visible un largo camino por recorrer en materia de valoración, en el cual se deben implementar estrategias de unificación de las bases de medición en Colombia junto con las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera y de las Normas Internacionales de Valoración. ABSTRACT: One of the problems in the implementation of the IFRS is the difficulty to find the reasonable value of assets, because it is highly subjective and there are different measurement bases. This has caused conflicts in decision making, mainly due to the low comparability and opportunity of financial information. The present work intends to contribute to the discussion on the bases of reasonable value measurement, especially regarding Plant and Equipment Property, taking into account international and Colombia regulation. Through an analysis of the existing literature, three variables will be addressed: the concepts of measurement and value; the measurement bases applicable to Plant and Equipment Property and finally the measurement of this item in Colombia. With this qualitative and descriptive work, it is noticed that the assets valuation process must evolve, both in the Colombian real estate market as in the valuation procedures, which involves changes in the Colombian regulatory order, since shortcomings are observed between the Colombian regulatory bases with the approaches suggested in IFRS 13[1]. Thus, a long way to go is made visible in terms of valuation, where strategies for the unification of measurement bases in Colombia should be implemented together with the International Financial Reporting Standards and the International Valuation Standards.

Purpose The highest decision-making body in a municipality is the council, whose members are elected every fourth year. Therefore, local politicians are in the key position in using financial information in decision making. The purpose of this paper is to study Finnish local politicians’ use of financial information. Design/methodology/approach This paper studies the speech of local politicians as they describe financial operations and financial position of the municipalities they represent. Here, the words of local politicians are considered an expression of their use of financial information. The use of financial information includes its impact on decision making. The focus is on the impact of different individual characteristics of financial information use in speech about financial operations and financial position. The paper employs qualitative empirical data collected through semi-structured thematic interviews with members of the Finnish local government. Data are analyzed with descriptive statistical methods. Findings Local politicians use financial information when they talk about financial operations and financial position of their municipality. Individual characteristics, such as political experience, affect the use of financial information. Experienced local politicians are familiar with financial information and use it more systematically than inexperienced politicians. Contrasted to expectations, financial expertise has a negative impact on financial information use. Moreover, in general, the ideology of politicians does not affect their use of financial information. Originality/value The paper sheds light on the value of individual characteristics of financial information use. It develops and tests hypotheses based on previous research on the impact of individual attributes of local politicians in the Finnish local government.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent public listed construction firms in Malaysia disclose mandatory information on public private partnership (PPP) projects. This paper is important as the level of disclosure of PPP information reflects the extent of transparency as practiced by the companies involved in PPP projects. Design/methodology/approach In achieving the aim, a content analysis procedure was carried out to analyse the 2015 annual reports of the construction companies. Descriptive statistics including the mean score, frequency and percentage were employed to analyse the disclosure of the annual report. Findings The overall mean disclosure score of the sampled companies is 40 per cent, which connotes a low level of disclosure of mandatory information on PPP. The companies also tend to disclose more mandatory financial information than non-financial information. Originality/value This paper is one of the few studies that investigated the level of mandatory disclosure of PPP information, thus contributing to the scanty literature on PPP transparency not only in Malaysia but also internationally.

We experimentally examine the effects of boilerplate disclosure and text markup on the judgments of novice and experienced users of financial information. We manipulate the presence of boilerplate (higher versus lower) and text markup (markup versus no markup) in sequential corporate disclosures, and examine participants' sensitivity to diagnostic information about the firm's financial performance. Using theory on the dilution effect, we predict that boilerplate will have a greater impact in the absence of markup, and markup's positive effect on sensitivity to diagnostic information will be stronger in disclosures with higher boilerplate. Our findings are consistent with this prediction. We also find that experienced users have greater sensitivity overall to diagnostic information and that markup increases novices' (but not experienced users') sensitivity to diagnostic information. Our findings extend theory on potential remedies to the dilution effect and are potentially useful to regulators as they consider improving the usefulness of corporate disclosure.

SYNOPSIS A potentially important form of financial information disaggregation is to segregate the change in an income measure into its underlying performance drivers. In this study, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the usefulness of such disaggregation to investors. We utilize the volume and rate analysis in banks' 10-K filings, in which banks disaggregate annual changes in net interest income into changes in the balances (“volume variance”) and changes in the rates (“rate variance”) of assets and liabilities. We document that volume and rate variances are associated with bank characteristics, including market power, funding sources, and credit risk. We find volume and rate variances are predictive of future net interest income and are positively associated with stock returns and prices, suggesting the disaggregated information is value relevant. Our study informs regulators and users by showing that disaggregated information along volume and rate dimensions has predictive and confirmatory value.

Purpose Increased competition in the banking sector coupled with long queues in the banking hall has necessitated the introduction of internet banking among banks in Ghana. As a result, internet banking has attracted a great deal of attention from both academicians and practitioners. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of internet banking on the performance of banking institutions in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach In total, 20 banks in Ghana were selected from the Bank of Ghana website for the study. The financial information about the banks’ operations was retrieved from the financial statements of the respective banks for the end of the year 2016. The data envelopment analysis-bootstrap approach with principal component analysis and cluster analysis was used to estimate 49 models. Findings The findings of the study indicated that the integration of internet banking into traditional banking methods has led to superior bank performance in Ghana. It was observed that while the independent application of internet banking as a strategy to raise performance was not yielding higher returns due to the low patronage of internet services among banking consumers, its integration with possible traditional methods is widely observed among the top performers in the banking industry. Practical implications Traditional banking methods, integrated banking service strategies and the internet banking service-oriented strategy emerged as the main banking strategies among the banks. Originality/value Extant literature is quite silent on the effect of internet banking on bank performance in Africa. However, this paper is among the first significant attempts to examine the effect of internet banking on bank performance.

We examine how charity financial information related to efficiency and financial vulnerability is used by private foundations in determining how much they grant to charities during capital campaigns. In general, private foundations are likely to be better able to evaluate charity financial information because they are sophisticated donors. They have the incentive to incur search costs, the ability to judge financial information, and are focused on grant-making. We find no evidence that efficiency measures are used by private foundations in determining capital campaign grant amounts, regardless of foundation sophistication. We interpret this result as being consistent with private foundations focusing on factors related to program accomplishments rather than on reported efficiency. We find evidence that private foundations pay larger grant amounts to less financially vulnerable charities. This effect is concentrated when grants are paid by more sophisticated private foundations (i.e., those that employ a professional staff). Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

There remains academic debate on the association between credible financial information and small firms’ access to diversified sources of finance. This study investigates the role of credible finan...

This study examines the effect of graphical vividness on nonprofessional investors' impressions of management and firm performance when the financial performance news is either positive or negative. Conducting a 2 × 2 between-participants experiment with 470 participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk (M-Turk), I find that when the news is positive, nonprofessional investors have more positive impressions of management, which, in turn, leads to more positive impressions of firm performance when the graphical presentation is vivid versus pallid. In contrast, when the news is negative, presenting graphs vividly has little effect on nonprofessional investors' impressions. The study contributes to regulators and practice by demonstrating that allowing a high degree of presentation flexibility in digital annual reports has behavioral outcomes to nonprofessional investors' judgments and decisions. The study also contributes to the strategic disclosure literature by demonstrating the impact of graphical vividness in presenting financial performance information.

This paper examines the cumulative market reaction to the events related to deferral of internal control audit requirement under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and its elimination under the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 for nonaccelerated filers (small firms). We document that small firms experienced negative cumulative abnormal returns around these events; and the differences between the cumulative abnormal returns for small firms and the two control groups (accelerated and large accelerated filers) were negative and significant at the 1% level. These results support the notion that market participants value the reliability of financial information irrespective of the firm size. Within the small firms, we find no firm characteristic significantly explains the market reaction to the events considered. That is, all small firms lost market value in reaction to the events that delayed and eliminated their internal control audit requirement.

In this paper we seek to ascertain whether the changes in prudential financial regulation in Spain in the period 1995–2015 have had an effect on financial stability and whether this can be assessed for Spain from the behavior of the z-score and the LLP variables, as has been done elsewhere. We analyze the implementation of the statistical or dynamic provision in 2000 and also the adoption of the Basel II agreement in 2008. The sample analyzed comprises 48 Spanish banks. As our main conclusions, we provide evidence that the changes that have taken place in prudential financial regulation in Spain cannot be adequately analyzed and interpreted with the behavior of the z-score and LLP variables for that period, since in this context they are not good indicators of greater or lesser financial stability due to interference from the Spanish banking regulator.

In this article, our main aim is to bring in discussion some of the most controversial points debated along the time on the use of the accounting estimates in financial reporting. More important, we have referred to the Exposure Draft recently closed for comment letters, which addressed some points that will follow to be transformed into several amendments to IAS 8. Our discussion is focused, especially on how professionals can make a clear distinction between changes in accounting estimates and changes in accounting policies. We try to underline the trinomial perspective of this subject, as the changes in accounting estimates impact, not only the financial statements, but can generate issues on auditing those estimates, or on using financial information output on the entity valuation models. Additionally, we try to emphasize the essential role of this distinction between changes in accounting estimates and changes in accounting policies.

Prior research documents capital market benefits of increased investor attention to accounting disclosures and media coverage; however, little is known about how investors and markets respond to attention‐grabbing events that reveal little nonpublic information. We use daily firm advertising data to test how advertisements, which are designed to attract consumers' attention, influence investors' attention and financial markets (i.e., spillover effects). Exploiting the fact that firms often advertise at weekly intervals, we use an instrumental variables approach to provide evidence that print ads, especially in business publications, trigger temporary spikes in investor attention. We further find that trading volume and quoted dollar depths increase on days with ads in a business publication. We contribute to research on how management choices influence firms' information environments, determinants and consequences of investor attention, and consequences of advertising for financial markets.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the adoption of IFRS 10 and IFRS 11 affected consolidated financial statements. Specifically, the paper explores whether entities adopted mandatorily or voluntarily both IFRS, whether expressly declared effects, whether considered those effects as material and whether those effects had impacts on selected items of financial statements and on selected financial ratios. Design/methodology/approach The research is an exploratory study using public entities from Germany, France and the UK. The majority of the data is manually collected from financial statements. Findings The results suggest that the adoption of the new IFRS 10 affected the composition of a large number of entity groups but that their financial information and economic-financial indicators do not present material changes. There is also evidence of a large and material impact on the changes in the classification and accounting for interests in arrangements under joint control through the new IFRS 11. The evidence thus suggests unequal effects of the adoption of IFRS 10 and IFRS 11 on the proportion of entities declaring materiality of effects, on the quantitative effects on selected items of financial statements, and on financial ratios. A comparison between the pre-adoption and post-adoption periods reveals that the majority of the effects are driven by the adoption of IFRS 11. Originality/value As far as is known this exploratory paper is the first presenting the effectiveness of adopting the most important standards under the “consolidation package” and opens an avenue for future research by academics, for future post-implementation reviews by IASB, and for analysis of peer reviews between accounting practitioners.

Purpose This study examines the effect of target-and-incentive-consistency of unexpected positive earnings news on investors’ use of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance information in their pricing decisions. Design/methodology/approach A 2 × 2 full factorial between-participants experiment is conducted. Findings Target-and-incentive-consistency of unexpected positive earnings news moderates the effect of CSR performance on investors’ pricing decisions. Research limitations/implications Its findings shed insights on investors’ use of a mix of CSR, financial and governance information, support the financial information elasticity effect and add to the effect of financial information on investors’ use of nonfinancial information. Practical implications The effect of inelastic financial information in mitigating the CSR information effect can benefit investors who do not plan to use a CSR investment strategy. Knowledge of investors’ conditional use of CSR information can benefit firm managers and policy makers. Originality/value Its findings support a heretofore unexamined theoretical underpinning for the effect of financial information on investors’ use of nonfinancial information.

This paper digests the relationship between the manipulation of losses and price reversals in the Chinese stock market. Timely loss recognition is involved in detecting the manipulation of losses, while price reversals are investigated by momentum profit. In addition, two-way sorting momentum portfolios are employed to connect manipulating losses with price reversals. Companies with low timely loss recognition aggressively manipulate their losses, and our results indicate that they generate much more significantly negative momentum profits. As a consequence, they cannot build up any immunity against reversal risks and encounter much higher reversal risks than other companies. Such findings still hold after the risk adjustments using asset pricing models come into play and when controlling for the calendar effect. This research indeed suggests that investors should exercise caution when dealing with companies whose financial information is too positive. Such companies may dress up their financial reports, thereby significantly increasing the risks associated with price reversals.

The generational change in the family business opens up expectations of strategies such as sustainability, professionalisation and internationalisation. Yet, there are gaps in current literature which fail to explain whether there are benefits in such strategies according to their management, their generational status, and their effects on performance. This paper compared first with second and later generation companies through the relevant characteristics. A regression analysis was applied to a sample that was identified by the Spanish Family Business Institute with information on growth strategy, corporate governance, professionalisation, and ownership, that is supported by financial data for the period of 2016-2020. The results showed that, although the differences in terms of profitability were small between generations, there were significant differences in management that affected performance. Growth tended to be lower in the second and subsequent generations, which also h a greater tendency to internationalise, being motivated by the professionalisation of management. Previous works in the literature have analysed differences in profitability between generations, however the analysis in this present work investigated the origin of these differences. The results showed disparities in management that allowed for the obtaining of different profitability indices, and therefore are of practical importance in the management of the internationalisation, growth, and sustainability of the family business in the face of intergenerational succession. This research was funded by The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, grant number ECO2016-79392-P.