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Abstract: In this work, the phase behavior of mixed solvent electrolyte systems containing 1-butanol+water+ammonium chloride at temperatures of 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15K and at atmospheric pressure have been studied experimentally and theoretically. For the studied systems, liquid–liquid equilibrium has been observed throughout the studied temperature range. Ammonium chloride shows a salting out effect in the two phase region, while temperature has a minor effect on the liquid–liquid equilibria in the studied temperature range. The measured experimental data have been modeled using a modified version of the extended UNIQUAC model. The model has been found to give a satisfactory description of LLE data obtained in this work, with an average absolute deviation of less than 1.5% in calculated mass fractions compared to experimental data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this work liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) in the system containing 1-butanol–water–sodium nitrate at temperatures of 25 and 35°C has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The extended UNIQUAC model has previously been used for correlation of liquid–liquid equilibrium in aqueous salt systems containing alcohols. In that model the excess Gibbs energy consists of two terms, the original UNIQUAC term and Debye–Hückel term which considers the alcohol as a non-electrolyte solute. In this work, a modified extended UNIQUAC model is used by taking into account mixed solvent theories. The model consists of three terms, the original UNIQUAC term, a Pitzer–Debye–Hückel term and a Born term. The model has been found to give a satisfactory description of LLE data obtained in this work, with an average absolute deviation of less than 0.5 in calculated mass percent compared to experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]