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179 results on '"Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères ( P3F )"'

1. Ley grassland under temperate climate had a legacy effect on soil organic matter quantity, biogeochemical signature and microbial activities

Author: A. Romian, Cornelia Rumpel, Abad Chabbi, Alexandra Creme, T. Lan, X. Le Roux, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Université Paris-Saclay, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères ( P3F ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, CNRS, IEES UMR (Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, INRA, UPEC), Sorbonne Université, Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Université Paris Saclay, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, Soil organic matter biogeochemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Temporary grassland management, Grassland, Organic matter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Cambisol, geography, Topsoil, geography.geographical_feature_category, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil organic matter, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, Long-term field experiment, 15. Life on land, Crop rotation, Potential N2O emission, Agronomy, chemistry, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Microbial activities
Abstract: Temporary (ley) grassland introduced into cropping cycles has been advocated as being beneficial for the delivery of ecosystem services by agricultural soils. The management of these temporary grasslands has unknown effects on soil organic matter (SOM) concentrations and biogeochemical properties of the cropland soils following the grassland phase. Here, we investigated the legacy effect of differently managed temporary grasslands, i.e. change of soil properties lasting beyond three years of crop. We assessed soil organic carbon (SOC) quantity and SOM biogeochemical signature (composition of soil neutral carbohydrates and lignin), as well as microbial activities (potential C and N mineralization and denitrification). We used a long-term field experiment on Cambisol with temperate climate in western France, where temporary grassland management practices differed in terms of duration (3 or 6 years) and presence or absence of N fertilisation. Topsoil (10 cm) samples were collected after a 3-yr crop rotation (maize, wheat, barley). Our results showed that N fertilisation during the grassland phase was necessary to maintain soil C and N concentrations beyond three years of crop. Temporary grassland management may affect microbial activities as indicated by contrasting polysaccharide and lignin composition. It had however, no effect on potential CO2 and N2O emissions during laboratory incubations. The biogeochemical signature of SOM was close to continuous grassland only in treatments with 6 yrs of fertilized temporary grassland. We thus, conclude that the legacy effects of a grassland phase on SOC quantity and properties of SOM depend on its management.
Published: 2018

2. Gene Introgression in Weeds Depends on Initial Gene Location in the Crop: Brassica napus - Raphanus raphanistrum Model

Author: Bachar Alrustom, Virginie Huteau, Jérôme Morice, Henri Darmency, Maryse Lodé, Katarzyna Adamczyk-Chauvat, Gwenaëlle Thomas, Frédérique Eber, Anne-Marie Chèvre, Sabrina Delaunay, Mathieu Rousseau-Gueutin, Cyril Falentin, Olivier Coriton, Eric Jenczewski, Caroline François, Sylvie Negre, Marie Gilet, Anne Vannier, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement [Jouy-En-Josas] (MaIAGE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, SAD Paysage (SAD Paysage), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement [Jouy-En-Josas] ( MaIAGE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères ( P3F ), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes ( IGEPP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin ( IJPB ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, SAD Paysage ( SAD Paysage ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, oilseed rape, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Brassica, introgression, Introgression, Plant Weeds, Investigations, Raphanus raphanistrum, Genes, Plant, Genome, Gene flow, Raphanus, 03 medical and health sciences, Botany, Genetics, Gene, Hybrid, intergeneric hybridization, 2. Zero hunger, biology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], food and beverages, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Hybridization, Genetic, wild radish, Genetic Fitness, Weed
Abstract: The effect of gene location within a crop genome on its transfer to a weed genome remains an open question for gene flow assessment. To elucidate this question, we analyzed advanced generations of intergeneric hybrids, derived from an initial pollination of known oilseed rape varieties (Brassica napus, AACC, 2n = 38) by a local population of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum, RrRr, 2n = 18). After five generations of recurrent pollination, 307 G5 plants with a chromosome number similar to wild radish were genotyped using 105 B. napus specific markers well distributed along the chromosomes. They revealed that 49.8% of G5 plants carried at least one B. napus genomic region. According to the frequency of B. napus markers (0–28%), four classes were defined: Class 1 (near zero frequency), with 75 markers covering ∼70% of oilseed rape genome; Class 2 (low frequency), with 20 markers located on 11 genomic regions; Class 3 (high frequency), with eight markers on three genomic regions; and Class 4 (higher frequency), with two adjacent markers detected on A10. Therefore, some regions of the oilseed rape genome are more prone than others to be introgressed into wild radish. Inheritance and growth of plant progeny revealed that genomic regions of oilseed rape could be stably introduced into wild radish and variably impact the plant fitness (plant height and seed number). Our results pinpoint that novel technologies enabling the targeted insertion of transgenes should select genomic regions that are less likely to be introgressed into the weed genome, thereby reducing gene flow.
Published: 2017

3. Statistical analysis of large simulated yield datasets for studying climate change effects

Author: David Makowski, Senthold Asseng, Frank Ewert, Simona Bassu, Jean-Louis Durand, Pierre Martre, Myriam Adam, Pramod K. Aggarwal, Carlos Angulo, Christian Baron, Bruno Basso, Patrick Bertuzzi, Christian Biernath, Hendrik Boogaard, Kenneth J. Boote, Nadine Brisson, Davide Cammarano, Andrew J. Challinor, Sjakk J. G. Conijn, Marc Corbeels, Delphine Deryng, Giacomo De Sanctis, Jordi Doltra, Sebastian Gayler, Richard Goldberg, Patricio Grassini, Jerry L. Hatfield, Lee Heng, Steven Hoek, Josh Hooker, Tony L. A. Hunt, Joachim Ingwersen, Cesar Izaurralde, Raymond E. E. Jongschaap, James W. Jones, Armen R. Kemanian, Christian Kersebaum, Soo-Hyung Kim, Jon Lizaso, Christoph Müller, Naresh S. Kumar, Claas Nendel, Garry J. O'Leary, Jorgen E. Olesen, Tom M. Osborne, Taru Palosuo, Maria V. Pravia, Eckart Priesack, Dominique Ripoche, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Alexander C. Ruane, Fredirico Sau, Mickhail A. Semenov, Iurii Shcherbak, Pasquale Steduto, Claudio Stöckle, Pierre Stratonovitch, Thilo Streck, Iwan Supit, Fulu Tao, Edmar I. Teixeira, Peter Thorburn, Denis Timlin, Maria Travasso, Reimund Rötter, Katharina Waha, Daniel Wallach, Jeffrey W. White, Jimmy R. Williams, Joost Wolf, Agronomie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Centre for Geo-Information, University of Leeds, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), University of East Anglia, Catabrian Agricultural Research and Training Center (CIFA), University of Tübingen, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System, National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), University of Reading (UOR), University of Guelph, University of Hohenheim, Joint Global Change Research Institute, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), University of Washington, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Landscape and Water Sciences, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Agrifood Research Finland, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Rothamsted Research, FAO Sub-regional Office for Eastern Africa [Addis Ababa, Ethiopie] (FAO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Washington State University (WSU), Plant & Food Research, Ecosystem Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Institute for Climate and Water, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Texas A&M University System, Hillel, D., Rosenzweig, C., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, University of Florida, University of Bonn (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères ( P3F ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales ( GDEC ), Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ), Université Blaise Pascal (Clermont Ferrand 2) ( UBP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security ( CCAFS ), Michigan State University, UE Agroclim ( UE AGROCLIM ), Wageningen University and Research Center ( WUR ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] ( CAS ), Catabrian Agricultural Research and Training Center ( CIFA ), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ( GISS ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), University of Nebraska Lincoln ( UNL ), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] ( IAEA ), University of Reading ( UOR ), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid ( UPM ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research ( PIK ), Indian Agricultural Research Institute ( IARI ), Aarhus University, PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Food and Agricultural Organization ( FAO ), Washington State University ( WSU ), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Texas A and M University ( TAMU ), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Florida [Gainesville], Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales - Clermont Auvergne (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université Blaise Pascal (Clermont Ferrand 2) (UBP), UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: analyse de données, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Yield (finance), data analysis, Climate change, 01 natural sciences, Agro Water- en Biobased Economy, statistical analysis, Effects of global warming, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Life Science, Alterra - Centrum Bodem, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, changement climatique, WIMEK, Mathematical model, analyse statistique, Crop yield, Soil Science Centre, Global change, Statistical model, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Climate resilience, Climate Resilience, Plant Production Systems, Klimaatbestendigheid, 13. Climate action, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Climatology, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science
Abstract: Many studies have been carried out during the last decade to study the effect of climate change on crop yields and other key crop characteristics. In these studies, one or several crop models were used to simulate crop growth and development for different climate scenarios that correspond to different projections of atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, and rainfall changes (Semenov et al., 1996; Tubiello and Ewert, 2002; White et al., 2011). The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP; Rosenzweig et al., 2013) builds on these studies with the goal of using an ensemble of multiple crop models in order to assess effects of climate change scenarios for several crops in contrasting environments. These studies generate large datasets, including thousands of simulated crop yield data. They include series of yield values obtained by combining several crop models with different climate scenarios that are defined by several climatic variables (temperature, CO2, rainfall, etc.). Such datasets potentially provide useful information on the possible effects of different climate change scenarios on crop yields. However, it is sometimes difficult to analyze these datasets and to summarize them in a useful way due to their structural complexity; simulated yield data can differ among contrasting climate scenarios, sites, and crop models. Another issue is that it is not straightforward to extrapolate the results obtained for the scenarios to alternative climate change scenarios not initially included in the simulation protocols. Additional dynamic crop model simulations for new climate change scenarios are an option but this approach is costly, especially when a large number of crop models are used to generate the simulated data, as in AgMIP. Statistical models have been used to analyze responses of measured yield data to climate variables in past studies (Lobell et al., 2011), but the use of a statistical model to analyze yields simulated by complex process-based crop models is a rather new idea. We demonstrate herewith that statistical methods can play an important role in analyzing simulated yield data sets obtained from the ensembles of process-based crop models. Formal statistical analysis is helpful to estimate the effects of different climatic variables on yield, and to describe the between-model variability of these effects.
Published: 2015

4. Multiple cropping systems as drivers for providing multiple ecosystem services: from concepts to design

Author: Marion Prudent, Elise Pelzer, Sabrina Gaba, Simon Boudsocq, Marie-Laure Navas, Françoise Lescourret, Eric Malézieux, Jérôme Enjalbert, Gaëtan Louarn, Jacques Wery, Harry Ozier-Lafontaine, Etienne-Pascal Journet, Philippe Hinsinger, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers (ARCHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 103 HORTSYS), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agrosystèmes tropicaux (ASTRO), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles (UPR HORTSYS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ( PSH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes ( Eco&Sols ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) ( GQE-Le Moulon ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers ( ARCHE ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Interactions plantes-microorganismes et santé végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UMR LIPM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens ( SYSTEM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères ( P3F ), UR HortSys, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Agrosystèmes tropicaux ( ASTRO ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Multiple cropping, 01 natural sciences, service écosystémique, Interaction biotique, Ecosystem services, Interactions biologiques, Agriculture durable, système de culture, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Environmental resource management, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant associations, Agroécologie, Agricultural sciences, Agroécosystème, Diversification, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Culture associée, Biodiversité, Environmental Engineering, Cropping systems, Biotic interactions, Biodiversity and Ecology, Agroecology, Conservation des ressources, Production (economics), Intensification, Sustainable development, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business.industry, A01 - Agriculture - Considérations générales, Provisioning, Analyse économique, 15. Life on land, services écosystémiques, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Plante de culture, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, Cropping, Sciences agricoles, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Provisioning services, such as the production of food, feed, and fiber, have always been the main focus of agriculture. Since the 1950s, intensive cropping systems based on the cultivation of a single crop or a single cultivar, in simplified rotations or monocultures, and relying on extensive use of agrochemical inputs have been preferred to more diverse, self-sustaining cropping systems, regardless of the environmental consequences. However, there is increasing evidence that such intensive agroecosystems have led to a decline in biodiversity as well as threatening the environment and have damaged a number of ecosystem services such as the biogeochemical nutrient cycles and the regulation of climate and water quality. Consequently, the current challenge facing agriculture is to ensure the future of food production while reducing the use of inputs and limiting environmental impacts and the loss of biodiversity. Here, we review examples of multiple cropping systems that aim to use biotic interactions to reduce chemical inputs and provide more ecosystem services than just provisioning. Our main findings are the identification of underlying ecological processes and management strategies related to the provision of pairs of ecosystem services namely food production and a regulation service. We also found gaps between ecological knowledge and the constraints of agricultural practices in taking account of the interactions and possible trade-offs between multiple ecosystem services as well as socioeconomic constraints. We present guidelines for the design of multiple cropping systems combining ecological, agricultural, and genetic concepts and approaches.
Published: 2015

5. A statistical analysis of three ensembles of crop model responses to temperature and CO2 concentration

Author: Joost Wolf, Xinyou Yin, Pierre Martre, Zhengtao Zhang, H. K. Soo, Manuel Marcaida, Nadine Brisson, Patrick Bertuzzi, Soo-Hyung Kim, Yan Zhu, Roberto C. Izaurralde, L. A. Hunt, Maria I. Travasso, Christian Baron, James W. Jones, R.E.E. Jongschaap, T. Palosuo, Daniel Wallach, Jerry L. Hatfield, Christian Biernath, G. De Sanctis, Senthold Asseng, H. Yoshida, Donald S. Gaydon, Edmar Teixeira, Davide Cammarano, Alex C. Ruane, C. Nendel, T. Hasegawa, Thilo Streck, Garry O'Leary, Upendra Singh, Frank Ewert, Delphine Deryng, R. Goldberg, Bas A. M. Bouman, Peter J. Thorburn, Tao Li, Roberto Confalonieri, Myriam Adam, Jes Olesen, Reimund P. Rötter, Tamon Fumoto, Patricio Grassini, Joachim Ingwersen, Robert F. Grant, Katharina Waha, James Williams, Fulu Tao, Eckart Priesack, Pramod K. Aggarwal, Liang Tang, Sebastian Gayler, Jordi Doltra, L. Heng, Christoph Müller, J.G. Conijn, Iwan Supit, S. Naresh Kumar, Iurii Shcherbak, Jeffrey W. White, Hendrik Boogaard, Kenneth J. Boote, David Makowski, Federico Sau, Jean-Louis Durand, Mikhail A. Semenov, Claudio O. Stöckle, Marc Corbeels, Steven Hoek, Simone Bregaglio, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Philippe Oriol, Anthony Challinor, R. A. Kemanian, Carlos Angulo, Pasquale Steduto, Bruno Basso, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Dennis Timlin, J. Hooker, Samuel Buis, Maria Virginia Pravia, Françoise Ruget, Dominique Ripoche, Simona Bassu, Pierre Stratonovitch, Jon I. Lizaso, Balwinder Singh, Tom M. Osborne, Paul W. Wilkens, Agronomie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), International Rice Research Institute [Philippines] (IRRI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Int Rice Res Inst, Los Banos, Philippines, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), International Water Management Institute, Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, CGIAR, Institute of Crops Science and Resource Conservation INRES, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Geological Sciences and W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Department of Geological Sciences [East Lansing], Agroclim (AGROCLIM), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Soil Ecololgy, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Center for Geo-information, Alterra, Department of Agronomy, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Cassandra Lab, University of Milan, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The James Hutton Institute, CGIAR ESSP Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Embrapa Cerrados, Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Centre, Tsukuba, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES), Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), WESS Water and Earth System Science Competence Cluster, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Departement of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System-University of Nebraska System, National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Centre for Geo-Information, Agriculture Department, University of Reading (UOR), Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Institute of Landscape System Analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), College of the Environment, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Department Produccion Vegetal, Fitotecnia, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Department of Economic Development Jobs, Transport and Resources, Grains Innovation Park, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Walker Institute, NCAS Climate, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Soil Ecology, Department Biologia Vegetal, Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, Department of Geological Sciences and W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre [Inde] (CIMMYT), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), College of the Environment, School of Environmental and Forest Science, University of Washington [Seattle], FAO Sub-regional Office for Eastern Africa [Addis Ababa, Ethiopie] (FAO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University (WSU), Plant Production Systems and Earth System Science, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sustainable Production, Plant & Food Research, ARS Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, CIRN, Institute for Climate and Water, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Agriculture, Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers (ARCHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension, Texas A&M University System, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University (BNU), Metaprogramme ACCAF, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida [Gainesville], Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation INRES, International Rice Research Institute, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 115 AIDA), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Beijing Normal University, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, University of Bonn (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères ( P3F ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales ( GDEC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales ( UMR AGAP ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale ( UMR TETIS ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ) -AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Department of Geological Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA, UE Agroclim ( UE AGROCLIM ), Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes ( EMMAH ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Invergowrie, School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] ( SEE ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Agro-ecologyand Sustainable Intensification of Annual Crops, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), University of East Anglia [Norwich] ( UEA ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] ( JRC ), National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ( GISS ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] ( IAEA ), University of Reading ( UOR ), UMR 1248 Agrosystèmes et Développement Territorial (AGIR), Agro-ecology and Sustainable Intensification of Annual Crops, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid ( UPM ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research ( PIK ), Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture ( CESCRA ), Indian Agricultural Research Institute ( IARI ), PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Geological Sciences, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre ( CIMMYT ), International Fertilizer Development Center ( IFDC ), Food and Agricultural Organization ( FAO ), Washington State University ( WSU ), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers ( ARCHE ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, and Texas A and M University ( TAMU )
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, 01 natural sciences, Statistics, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Climate change, Crop model, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Triticum, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Mathematical model, Air, Forestry, Regression analysis, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, PE&RC, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Rendement des cultures, Plant Production Systems, Statistical model, Modèle mathématique, Atmosphère, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, Yield, Crop Physiology, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Earth System Science, Emulator, Agro Water- en Biobased Economy, Alterra - Centrum Bodem, Precipitation, Croissance, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Meta-model, Changement climatique, Hydrology, Modélisation des cultures, Crop yield, Simulation modeling, Soil Science Centre, 15. Life on land, Température, Laboratorium voor Phytopathologie, Climate Resilience, 13. Climate action, Klimaatbestendigheid, Yield (chemistry), Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Laboratory of Phytopathology, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Leerstoelgroep Aardsysteemkunde, Plante de culture, Agronomy and Crop Science, Dioxyde de carbone
Abstract: Ensembles of process-based crop models are increasingly used to simulate crop growth for scenarios of temperature and/or precipitation changes corresponding to different projections of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This approach generates large datasets with thousands of simulated crop yield data. Such datasets potentially provide new information but it is difficult to summarize them in a useful way due to their structural complexities. An associated issue is that it is not straightforward to compare crops and to interpolate the results to alternative climate scenarios not initially included in the simulation protocols. Here we demonstrate that statistical models based on random-coefficient regressions are able to emulate ensembles of process-based crop models. An important advantage of the proposed statistical models is that they can interpolate between temperature levels and between CO2 concentration levels, and can thus be used to calculate temperature and [CO2] thresholds leading to yield loss or yield gain, without rerunning the original complex crop models. Our approach is illustrated with three yield datasets simulated by 19 maize models, 26 wheat models, and 13 rice models. Several statistical models are fitted to these datasets, and are then used to analyze the variability of the yield response to [CO2] and temperature. Based on our results, we show that, for wheat, a [CO2] increase is likely to outweigh the negative effect of a temperature increase of +2 degrees C in the considered sites. Compared to wheat, required levels of [CO2] increase are much higher for maize, and intermediate for rice. For all crops, uncertainties in simulating climate change impacts increase more with temperature than with elevated [CO2]. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2015

6. Vulnerability assessment of livestock and grasslands to climate change and extreme events (VALIDATE project)

Author: X. Le Roux, Florence Volaire, Jacques Roy, F Ruget, Jean-Louis Durand, René Baumont, G A Alessio, N. Viovy, Michel Duru, L Terray, Pierre-Alain Jayet, Sandra Lavorel, Jean-François Soussana, UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers (ARCHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), CERFACS, International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU). Zurich, INT., Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires (GMPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G), CERFACS [Toulouse], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial ( UREP ) -Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques ( EFPA ), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères ( P3F ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens ( SYSTEM ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine ( LECA ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes ( EMMAH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers ( ARCHE ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Economie Publique ( ECO-PUB ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, and Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique ( CERFACS )
Subjects: Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Vulnerability, Climate change, changement climatique, prairie, Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental protection, Milieux et Changements globaux, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, modélisation, 2. Zero hunger, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Extreme events, 15. Life on land, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geography, 13. Climate action, cheptel, Livestock, adaptation au changement climatique, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2009

7. Land Use History Shifts In Situ Fungal and Bacterial Successions following Wheat Straw Input into the Soil

Author: Abad Chabbi, Tiffanie Reignier, Lionel Ranjard, Xavier Charrier, Pierre-Alain Maron, Christophe de Berranger, Céline Faivre-Primot, Vincent Tardy, Samuel Dequiedt, Sébastien Terrat, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE 1373 Fourrages Environnement Ruminants Lusignan, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Environnement et Agronomie (E.A.)-Biologie et Amélioration des Plantes (BAP)-Fourrages Environnement Ruminants Lusignan (FERLUS), ANR Systerra project DIMIMOS (ANR-08-STRA-06), Fourrages Environnement Ruminants Lusignan (FERLUS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères ( P3F ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage ( PHASE ) -Environnement et Agronomie ( E.A. ) -Biologie et Amélioration des Plantes ( BAP ) -Fourrages Environnement Ruminants Lusignan ( FERLUS )
Subjects: [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Climate, Biodiversity, Ribotyping, Decomposer, Soil management, Soil, Soil Microbiology, Triticum, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Vegetal Biology, communauté microbienne, Multidisciplinary, Plant Stems, Ecology, Microbiota, food and beverages, Soil chemistry, Agriculture, Phosphorus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Grassland, bactérie du sol, Agricultural soil science, Medicine, France, Seasons, activité microbienne du sol, Soil microbiology, Research Article, Crops, Agricultural, Nitrogen, Science, Soil biology, Biology, Poaceae, Biodiversity and Ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, blé, Species Specificity, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, pratique culturale, 030304 developmental biology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bacteria, Fungi, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Carbon, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Microbial Interactions, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, champignon du sol, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, human activities, Biologie végétale
Abstract: Soil microbial communities undergo rapid shifts following modifications in environmental conditions. Although microbial diversity changes may alter soil functioning, the in situ temporal dynamics of microbial diversity is poorly documented. Here, we investigated the response of fungal and bacterial diversity to wheat straw input in a 12-months field experiment and explored whether this response depended on the soil management history (grassland vs. cropland). Seasonal climatic fluctuations had no effect on the diversity of soil communities. Contrastingly fungi and bacteria responded strongly to wheat regardless of the soil history. After straw incorporation, diversity decreased due to the temporary dominance of a subset of copiotrophic populations. While fungi responded as quickly as bacteria, the resilience of fungal diversity lasted much longer, indicating that the relative involvement of each community might change as decomposition progressed. Soil history did not affect the response patterns, but determined the identity of some of the populations stimulated. Most strikingly, the bacteria Burkholderia, Lysobacter and fungi Rhizopus, Fusarium were selectively stimulated. Given the ecological importance of these microbial groups as decomposers and/or plant pathogens, such regulation of the composition of microbial successions by soil history may have important consequences in terms of soil carbon turnover and crop health.
Published: 2015

8. Narrowing uncertainties in the effects of elevated CO2 on crops

Author: Kenneth J. Boote, Franz Badeck, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Andrej Ceglar, Gerard W. Wall, Remi Lecerf, Raúl López-Lozano, Matteo Zampieri, Andrea Toreti, Håkan Pleijel, Jean-Louis Durand, Frank Dentener, Remy Manderscheid, Francesco N. Tubiello, Gerald Moser, Christoph Müller, Bruce A. Kimball, Senthold Asseng, Erik Mencos Contreras, Garry O'Leary, Xuhui Wang, Eline Vanuytrecht, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Delphine Deryng, Stefano Galmarini, Heidi Webber, Maurits van den Berg, Petra Hoegy, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), NewClimate Institute, IRI THESys, Humboldt State University (HSU), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), USDA Agricultural Research Service [Maricopa, AZ] (USDA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Lund University [Lund], Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Gothenburg (GU), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), University of Hohenheim, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agriculture Victoria (AgriBio), Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] (CCSR), Columbia University [New York], Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT, PROTEIN-CONCENTRATION, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Natural resource economics, Climate change, Nutritional quality, 01 natural sciences, Crop, WHEAT-GRAIN QUALITY, FUTURE CO2, USE EFFICIENCY, Sustainable agriculture, Precipitation, ATMOSPHERIC CO2, Agricultural productivity, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 2. Zero hunger, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Science & Technology, FACE EXPERIMENT, business.industry, FOOD SECURITY, fungi, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACT, MODEL, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Food Science & Technology, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Plant responses to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, together with projected variations in temperature and precipitation will determine future agricultural production. Estimates of the impacts of climate change on agriculture provide essential information to design effective adaptation strategies, and develop sustainable food systems. Here, we review the current experimental evidence and crop models on the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations. Recent concerted efforts have narrowed the uncertainties in CO2-induced crop responses so that climate change impact simulations omitting CO2 can now be eliminated. To address remaining knowledge gaps and uncertainties in estimating the effects of elevated CO2 and climate change on crops, future research should expand experiments on more crop species under a wider range of growing conditions, improve the representation of responses to climate extremes in crop models, and simulate additional crop physiological processes related to nutritional quality.Understanding of the effects of elevated CO2 on crops has improved sufficiently that modelling future climatic effects on agriculture should eliminate 'no CO2' simulations. Further advancement in the estimation of the effects can be realized by studying a wider variety of crop species under a wider range of growing conditions, improving the representation of responses to climate extremes in crop models and simulating additional crop physiological processes related to nutritional quality.
Published: 2020

9. Land-use intensification differentially affects bacterial, fungal and protist communities and decreases microbiome network complexity

Author: Sana Romdhane, Aymé Spor, Samiran Banerjee, Marie-Christine Breuil, David Bru, Abad Chabbi, Sara Hallin, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden, Aurélien Saghai, Laurent Philippot, University of Zurich, Philippot, Laurent, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), North Dakota State University (NDSU), Agroscope, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), and Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)
Subjects: Microbial communities, 580 Plants (Botany), Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, complex mixtures, 03 medical and health sciences, 10126 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 1311 Genetics, Genetics, 2402 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, GE1-350, 10211 Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Land-use intensification, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, 2404 Microbiology, fungi, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, QR1-502, Environmental sciences, Microbiology (Microbiology in the medical area to be 30109), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Networks, Research Article
Abstract: Background Soil microbial communities are major drivers of cycling of soil nutrients that sustain plant growth and productivity. Yet, a holistic understanding of the impact of land-use intensification on the soil microbiome is still poorly understood. Here, we used a field experiment to investigate the long-term consequences of changes in land-use intensity based on cropping frequency (continuous cropping, alternating cropping with a temporary grassland, perennial grassland) on bacterial, protist and fungal communities as well as on their co-occurrence networks. Results We showed that land use has a major impact on the structure and composition of bacterial, protist and fungal communities. Grassland and arable cropping differed markedly with many taxa differentiating between both land use types. The smallest differences in the microbiome were observed between temporary grassland and continuous cropping, which suggests lasting effects of the cropping system preceding the temporary grasslands. Land-use intensity also affected the bacterial co-occurrence networks with increased complexity in the perennial grassland comparing to the other land-use systems. Similarly, co-occurrence networks within microbial groups showed a higher connectivity in the perennial grasslands. Protists, particularly Rhizaria, dominated in soil microbial associations, as they showed a higher number of connections than bacteria and fungi in all land uses. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence of legacy effects of prior land use on the composition of the soil microbiome. Whatever the land use, network analyses highlighted the importance of protists as a key element of the soil microbiome that should be considered in future work. Altogether, this work provides a holistic perspective of the differential responses of various microbial groups and of their associations to agricultural intensification.
Published: 2022

10. Do grassland management practices affect soil lignin chemistry by changing the composition of plant-derived organic matter input?

Author: Cornelia Rumpel, Aliia Gilmullina, Katja Klumpp, Abad Chabbi, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Mowing, Lignin monomer ratios, Soil Science, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Grazing, Lignin, Organic matter, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Soil organic matter, Input quality, Biogeochemistry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Grassland, chemistry, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Abstract: International audience; Background and aims Grassland management practices alter plant litter input into soil in terms of quantity and quality via defoliation, nutrient input and trampling. These alterations may impact litter decomposition and soil organic matter (SOM) quality and quantity. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of four grassland management practices (unmanaged, low and high intensity grazing, and mowing) on organic matter (OM) input quality and its relation with SOM composition. Methods We considered three types of OM input: aboveground and belowground material from living plants and partly degraded aboveground litter. We assessed their quality based on their elemental (C and N) contents, their stable carbon isotope (C-13) and their lignin composition. Results The results showed that C/N ratios differed among plant-derived OM input types but did not vary among treatments. In contrast, lignin biogeochemistry and lignin/N ratios of plant tissues were differentiated according to input type and treatment. High grazing intensity resulted in the lowest lignin/N ratios of aboveground litter. Lignin chemistry of all plant OM input types under grazing treatments indicated low maturity stage. Despite the similar lignin contribution to soil carbon under all grassland management practices, soil lignin was more degraded under mowing than under the other practices. Conclusions We conclude that grassland management may have an impact on SOM composition by altering plant OM input composition rather than its stoichiometry.
Published: 2021

11. Interspecific interactions regulate plant reproductive allometry in cereal-legume intercropping systems

Author: Isabelle Litrico, Etienne-Pascal Journet, Christophe Naudin, Elise Pelzer, Antoine Couëdel, Bochra Kammoun, Philippe Hinsinger, Florian Fort, Eric Justes, Catherine Bonnet, Laurent Bedoussac, Nathalie Moutier, Pierre Casadebaig, Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen, Cyrille Violle, Guénaëlle Corre-Hellou, Rémi Mahmoud, Erik Steen Jensen, Safia Médiène, Xavier Gendre, Noémie Gaudio, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Roskilde Universitet [Roskilde], École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Direction du département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Direction Persyst), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Analyse, Topologie, Probabilités (LATP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Roskilde University, Unité Expérimentale Forestière Méditerranéenne (UEFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Légumineuses, Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agroécologie (LEVA), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Unité de recherches de génétique et amélioration des plantes, ANR-16-CONV-0004,DIGITAG,Institut Convergences en Agriculture Numérique(2016), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Cropping Systems Ecology, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Box 103, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, H2020 European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: ERC-StG-2014-639706-CONSTRAINTS, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and European Project: 639706,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,CONSTRAINTS(2015)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, 01 natural sciences, Interactions biologiques, Plante légumière, Allométrie, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Biomass (ecology), 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, Intercropping, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Assembly rules, Resource (biology), cereal–legume mixtures, media_common.quotation_subject, Competition (biology), Culture intercalaire, 03 medical and health sciences, Biomass allocation, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, Plant reproductive allometry, 030304 developmental biology, Plante céréalière, business.industry, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, Metabolic scaling theory, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Système de culture, Allometry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Calls for ecological principles in agriculture have gained momentum. Intercropping systems have long been designed by growing two, or more, annual crop species in the same field, aiming for a better resource use efficiency. However, assembly rules for their design are lacking. Notably, it is still unknown whether species performances are maximized during both the vegetative and reproductive phases given the sensitivity of reproductive allocation rules to resource limitation. Interestingly, ecological theory provides expectations regarding putative invariance of plant reproductive allometry (PRA) under non-limiting conditions for plant growth. Here we examined whether and how PRA changes in response to plant-plant interactions in intercropping systems, which can inform both ecological theory and the understanding of the functioning of intercropping systems.We analyzed a dataset of 28 field cereal-legume intercropping trials from various climatic and management conditions across Western Europe. PRA was quantified in both mixing and single-species situations.PRA was positively impacted in specific management conditions, leading to a greater increase in yield for a given increase in plant size. Variations in PRA were more beneficial for legumes grown in unfertilized mixture, which explains their use as a key component in actual intercrop systems. The response for cereals was similar but less pronounced in magnitude, and was greater under limiting resource conditions. Focusing on intercropping conditions, hierarchical competition (indicated by biomass difference between intercropped species) appears as a strong driver of the reproductive output of a given species.Synthesis and applications. Plant reproductive allometry behaves in crop species in the same way as it does in wild species. However, contrary to theoretical expectations about an overall invariance of PRA, we highlighted taxon-specific and context-dependent effects of plant-plant interactions on PRA. This systematic deviation to PRA expectations could be leveraged to cultivate each species up to its reproductive optimum while accounting for the performance of the other, whether farmer’s objective is to favor one species or to reach an equilibrium in seed production. Sowing density and cultivar choice could regulate the biomass of each component, with specific targets derived from allometric relationships, aiming for an optimal reproductive allocation in mixtures.
Published: 2021

12. Inter-annual and spatial climatic variability have led to a balance between local fluctuating selection and wide-range directional selection in a perennial grass species

Author: Thomas Keep, Fabien Surault, Isabelle Litrico, E. Willner, Klaus J. Dehmer, Philippe Barre, Tom Ruttink, Isabel Roldán-Ruiz, R Veron, Mathew Hegarty, Jean-Paul Sampoux, Hilde Muylle, Thomas Ledauphin, José Luis Blanco-Pastor, S Rouet, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research [Gatersleben] (IPK-Gatersleben), Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Aberystwyth University, ANR-14-JFAC-0004,GrassLandscape,Bridging landscape genomics and quantitative genetics for a regional adaptation of European grasslands to climate change(2014), European Project: 618105,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-ERANET-2013-RTD,FACCE ERA NET PLUS(2013), and Aberystwyth University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Climate Change, Lolium perenne, Quantitative Trait Loci, Population, Climatic adaptation, Plant Science, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, adaptive diversity, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Lolium, genome-wide genotyping, Selection, Genetic, Allele, education, Alleles, 2. Zero hunger, Functional ecology, education.field_of_study, natural genetic diversity, Directional selection, Phenology, Ecology, perennial ryegrass, Allele diversity, food and beverages, intra-specific variability, Original Articles, climatic adaptation, 15. Life on land, Adaptation, Physiological, Genetics, Population, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, fluctuating selection, Adaptation, grassland, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Background and Aims The persistence of a plant population under a specific local climatic regime requires phenotypic adaptation with underlying particular combinations of alleles at adaptive loci. The level of allele diversity at adaptive loci within a natural plant population conditions its potential to evolve, notably towards adaptation to a change in climate. Investigating the environmental factors that contribute to the maintenance of adaptive diversity in populations is thus worthwhile. Within-population allele diversity at adaptive loci can be partly driven by the mean climate at the population site but also by its temporal variability. Methods The effects of climate temporal mean and variability on within-population allele diversity at putatively adaptive quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were evaluated using 385 natural populations of Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) collected right across Europe. For seven adaptive traits related to reproductive phenology and vegetative potential growth seasonality, the average within-population allele diversity at major QTLs (HeA) was computed. Key Results Significant relationships were found between HeA of these traits and the temporal mean and variability of the local climate. These relationships were consistent with functional ecology theory. Conclusions Results indicated that temporal variability of local climate has likely led to fluctuating directional selection, which has contributed to the maintenance of allele diversity at adaptive loci and thus potential for further adaptation.
Published: 2021

13. Annual and perennial Medicago show signatures of parallel adaptation to climate and soil in highly conserved genes

Author: Yanling Wei, Bernard E. Pfeil, Muhammet Sakiroglu, E. Charles Brummer, Isabel M Liberal, Rose L. Andrew, José Luis Blanco-Pastor, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, and University of New England (UNE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Candidate gene, Acclimatization, comparative genomics, 01 natural sciences, Soil, 03 medical and health sciences, omnigenic model, Medicago truncatula, Medicago, Genetics, Humans, Medicago sativa, climate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Comparative genomics, 0303 health sciences, biology, Abiotic stress, fungi, food and beverages, conserved genes, Phenotypic trait, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Adaptation, Physiological, 13. Climate action, Evolutionary biology, Adaptation, alfalfa, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Human induced environmental change may require rapid adaptation of plant populations and crops, but the genomic basis of environmental adaptation remain poorly understood. We analysed polymorphic loci from the perennial crop Medicago sativa (alfalfa or lucerne) and the annual legume model species M. truncatula to search for a common set of candidate genes that might contribute to adaptation to abiotic stress in both annual and perennial Medicago species. We identified a set of candidate genes of adaptation associated with environmental gradients along the distribution of the two Medicago species. Candidate genes for each species were detected in homologous genomic linkage blocks using genome-environment (GEA) and genome-phenotype association analyses. Hundreds of GEA candidate genes were species-specific, of these, 13.4% (M. sativa) and 24% (M. truncatula) were also significantly associated with phenotypic traits. A set of 168 GEA candidates were shared by both species, which was 25.4% more than expected by chance. When combined, they explained a high proportion of variance for certain phenotypic traits associated with adaptation. Genes with highly conserved functions dominated among the shared candidates and were enriched in gene ontology terms that have shown to play a central role in drought avoidance and tolerance mechanisms by means of cellular shape modifications and other functions associated with cell homeostasis. Our results point to the existence of a molecular basis of adaptation to abiotic stress in Medicago determined by highly conserved genes and gene functions. We discuss these results in light of the recently proposed omnigenic model of complex traits.
Published: 2021

14. Global homogenization of the structure and function in the soil microbiome of urban greenspaces

Author: Pankaj Trivedi, Javier Gutiérrez Illán, Sebastián Abades, Alberto L. Teixido, Thulani P. Makhalanyane, Hang-Wei Hu, Miguel Berdugo, Felipe Bastida, Blessing Sokoya, Xiaobing Zhou, Eli Zaady, Ana Maria Rey, Jun-Tao Wang, Brajesh K. Singh, Christina Siebe, Fernando D. Alfaro, José L. Moreno, Alexandra Rodríguez, Tine Grebenc, Jorge Durán, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Tina Unuk Nahberger, Concha Cano-Díaz, Jianyong Wang, José Luis Blanco-Pastor, Jay Prakash Verma, Leho Tedersoo, Noah Fierer, Xin-Quan Zhou, David J. Eldridge, Ji-Zheng He, Adebola R. Bamigboye, César Plaza, Yu-Rong Liu, Gabriel Felipe Peñaloza-Bojacá, Ling Wang, Universidad Pablo de Olavide [Sevilla] (UPO), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Huazhong Agricultural University, University of Colorado [Boulder], Western Sydney University, University of Melbourne, Fujian Normal University [Fujian], Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Washington State University (WSU), University of Pretoria [South Africa], Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Gilat Research Center, Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Northeast Normal University, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography [Urumqi] (XIEG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Universidad Mayor [Santiago de Chile], University of Tartu, Fundación BBVA, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), National Science Foundation (US), Estonian Science Foundation, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Australian Research Council, Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), European Commission, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Fundación Séneca, National Research Foundation (South Africa), Slovenian Research Agency, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (Portugal), and Science and Engineering Research Board (India)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Nutrient cycle, funkcionalna pestrost, Environmental Studies, 030106 microbiology, Biodiversity, soil biodiversity, biodiverziteta tal, 03 medical and health sciences, 11. Sustainability, urban soils, Ecosystem, Microbiome, Research Articles, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, SciAdv r-articles, 15. Life on land, functional diversity, urbana tla, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, structural diversity, 13. Climate action, strukturna pestrost, Greenhouse gas, Soil water, Species richness, Urban ecosystem, udc:630*114, Research Article
Abstract: The structure and function of the soil microbiome of urban greenspaces remain largely undetermined. We conducted a global field survey in urban greenspaces and neighboring natural ecosystems across 56 cities from six continents, and found that urban soils are important hotspots for soil bacterial, protist and functional gene diversity, but support highly homogenized microbial communities worldwide. Urban greenspaces had a greater proportion of fast-growing bacteria, algae, amoebae, and fungal pathogens, but a lower proportion of ectomycorrhizal fungi than natural ecosystems. These urban ecosystems also showed higher proportions of genes associated with human pathogens, greenhouse gas emissions, faster nutrient cycling, and more intense abiotic stress than natural environments. City affluence, management practices, and climate were fundamental drivers of urban soil communities. Our work paves the way toward a more comprehensive global-scale perspective on urban greenspaces, which is integral to managing the health of these ecosystems and the well-being of human populations., M.D.-B. and this project were supported by a 2019 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA Foundation (URBANFUN) and by the BES grant agreement no. LRB17\1019 (MUSGONET). M.D.-B. is also supported by a Ramón y Cajal grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2018-025483-I). N.F. was supported by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation (DEB1556090 and DEB1542653). L.T. acknowledges support from Norway-Baltic collaboration grant EMP442 and Estonian Science Foundation grant PRG632. B.K.S. acknowledges a research award by the Humboldt Foundation and funding from the Australian Research Council (DP190103714). F.A. is supported by ANID FONDECYT 11180538 and 1170995. S.A. is funded by ANID FONDECYT 1170995 and ANID ANILLO ACT192027. F.B. and J.L.M. acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry and FEDER funds for the project AGL2017-85755-R, the i-LINK+ 2018 (LINKA20069) from CSIC, as well as funds from “Fundación Séneca” from Murcia Province (19896/GERM/15). C.P. acknowledges support from the Spanish State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation (2013–2016), award reference AGL2016-75762-R (AEI/FEDER, UE). M.B. acknowledges support from a Juan de la Cierva Formación grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FJCI-2018-036520-I). T.P.M. would like to acknowledge contributions from the National Research Foundation of South Africa and cities involved in the South African survey. Slovenian coauthors were supported by the research project J4-1766 “Methodology approaches in genome-based diversity and ecological plasticity study of truffles from their natural distribution areas” and the Research Program in Forest Biology, Ecology, and Technology (P4-0107) of the Slovenian Research Agency. J.D. and A. Rey acknowledge support from the FCT (IF/00950/2014 and SFRH/BDP/108913/2015, respectively), as well as from the MCTES, FSE, UE, and the CFE (UIDB/04004/2020) research unit financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC). J.P.V. acknowledges financial support from SERB (Science and Engineering Research Board) (EEQ/2017/000775) India. J.-Z.H. and H.-W.H. are financially supported by Australian Research Council (DP170101628).
Published: 2021

15. Simulating grass phenotypic plasticity as an emergent property of growth zone responses to carbon and nitrogen metabolites

Author: Romain Barillot, Bruno Andrieu, Marion Gauthier, ITK [Clapiers], Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Phenotypic plasticity, Chemistry, fungi, chemistry.chemical_element, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Nitrogen, Carbon, nitrogen, Modeling and Simulation, plasticity, Botany, leaf growth, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Agronomy and Crop Science, metabolism, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Phenotypic plasticity—the ability of one genotype to produce different phenotypes depending on growth conditions—is a core aspect of the interactions between plants and the environment. The model CN-Wheat simulates the functioning of a grass culm and the construction of traits as properties emerging from the feedback loops between morphogenesis, the environmental factors and source–sink activities. The plant is seen as a self-regulated system where leaf growth is driven by carbon and nitrogen metabolism within each leaf and by coordination rules between successive leaves. Here, we investigated the ability of this approach to simulate realistic grass phenotypic plasticity and explored plant behaviour in a wide range of growth conditions. The growth of grass monoculms, with traits similar to a wheat stem, was simulated for highly contrasting conditions of soil nitrogen concentration, incident light and planting density. The monoculms were kept vegetative and produced ~15 mature leaves at the end of the simulations. The model simulated highly contrasting phenotypes. Overall, the simulated trends and the magnitude of responses of leaf and plant traits to growth conditions were consistent with the literature on grass species. These results demonstrate that integrating plant functioning at organ scale can simulate, as an emergent property, the phenotypic plasticity of plants in contrasting light and nitrogen conditions. Besides, simulations of the internal variables of plants gave access to plant trophic status across plant ontogeny and plant environments. In conclusion, this framework is a significant step towards better integration of the genotype–environment interactions.
Published: 2021

16. Partitioning genetic and species diversity refines our understanding of species–genetic diversity relationships

Author: Brett Ford, Vera W. Pfeiffer, Johann Housset, Audrey McCombs, José Luis Blanco-Pastor, Stéphanie Manel, Angéline Bertin, Nicolas Gouin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biology, Florida Museum of Natural History, Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Alcina Forets, Partenaires INRAE, Iowa State University (ISU), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Universidad de La Serena (USERENA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)-Concordia University [Montreal]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, genetic outlier, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, media_common.quotation_subject, SNP, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, species–genetic diversity correlation, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic variation, high Andean wetlands, species-genetic diversity correlation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm), Original Research, Nature and Landscape Conservation, media_common, Genetic diversity, Ecology, Species diversity, respiratory system, 15. Life on land, Agricultural sciences, 030104 developmental biology, diversité spécifique, Evolutionary biology, diversité génétique, Species evenness, Amplified fragment length polymorphism, Species richness, human activities, Sciences agricoles, corrélation, Diversity (politics)
Abstract: International audience; Disentangling the origin of species-genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs) is a challenging task that provides insight into the way that neutral and adaptive processes influence diversity at multiple levels. Genetic and species diversity are comprised by components that respond differently to the same ecological processes. Thus, it can be useful to partition species and genetic diversity into their different components to infer the mechanisms behind SGDCs. In this study, we applied such an approach using a high-elevation Andean wetland system, where previous evidence identified neutral processes as major determinants of the strong and positive covariation between plant species richness and AFLP genetic diversity of the common sedge Carex gayana. To tease apart putative neutral and non-neutral genetic variation of C. gayana, we identified loci putatively under selection from a dataset of 1,709 SNPs produced using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). Significant and positive relationships between local estimates of genetic and species diversities (alpha-SGDCs) were only found with the putatively neutral loci datasets and with species richness, confirming that neutral processes were primarily driving the correlations and that the involved processes differentially influenced local species diversity components (i.e., richness and evenness). In contrast, SGDCs based on genetic and community dissimilarities (beta-SGDCs) were only significant with the putative non-neutral datasets. This suggests that selective processes influencing C. gayana genetic diversity were involved in the detected correlations. Together, our results demonstrate that analyzing distinct components of genetic and species diversity simultaneously is useful to determine the mechanisms behind species-genetic diversity relationships.
Published: 2018

17. To grow or survive: Which are the strategies of a perennial grass to face severe seasonal stress?

Author: E. Willner, Thomas Ledauphin, Matthew J. Hegarty, Tom Ruttink, Klaus J. Dehmer, Jean-Louis Durand, Hilde Muylle, Isabel Roldán-Ruiz, José Luis Blanco-Pastor, Jean-Paul Sampoux, Fabien Surault, Thomas Keep, Florence Volaire, Philippe Barre, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research [Gatersleben] (IPK-Gatersleben), Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Perennial plant, Climate change, drought, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, Grassland, 03 medical and health sciences, frost, intraspecific variability, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Environmental gradient, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, 0303 health sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Phenology, fungi, food and beverages, Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), 15. Life on land, climate change, growth-survival trade-off, Adaptation, grassland, climatic stress
Abstract: More severe seasonal stresses resulting from climate change affect the survival of perennial plant species. The growth–survival trade‐off exemplified in dormant species is a key issue to understand adaptation. As the validity of this trade‐off has yet to be tested in non‐dormant species, it was assessed by exploring the intraspecific variability of strategies to face drought and frost within perennial ryegrass. Three common gardens compared 385 European perennial ryegrass populations along a latitudinal environmental gradient over 3‐years. Persistence, productivity and physiological traits were recorded under contrasting seasonal environments. Decoupling plant responses, that is, growth under favourable summers/winters and plant survival under harsh summers/winters, showed a general trade‐off between growth potential and dehydration survival. Three groups of perennial ryegrass populations were identified according to their contrasting strategies: (a) year‐round productive but stress sensitive populations from wet areas; (b) drought‐tolerant populations with low summer growth potential from drought‐prone areas and (c) frost‐tolerant populations with low winter growth potential from frost‐prone areas. Overall, the populations surviving drought best were more resource conservative, whereas populations of the other groups were more resource acquisitive. However, such overall functional patterns were less meaningful than seasonal variations of resource acquisition potentials. The predicted potential biogeographical distribution of these groups suggests shifts of areas of suitability under climate change over the next decades in Europe. Dehydration escape and dehydration tolerance through reduction of growth potential in summer may become the strategies best adapted to an increasingly large area of Europe. The large intraspecific variability of phenological adaptations within perennial ryegrass reveals that the seasonal modulation of growth potential is crucial to plant adaptation under severe chronic abiotic stresses. The global plant economics spectrum cannot account for contrasting seasonal trade‐offs, which points out the importance of integrating phenological traits as key components of plant strategies. The identification of the trade‐off between growth potential and frost or drought stress survival in this non‐dormant species provides key knowledge to understand the future regional distribution of this major species for grassland ecosystem services. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Published: 2021

18. Calibration of LgrassFlo, a new model of perennial grass phenology in response to temperature and photoperiod

Author: Simon Rouet, Didier Combes, Jean-Louis Durand, Abraham J. Escobar-Gutiérrez, Romain Barillot, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, photoperiodism, Agronomy, Perennial plant, Calibration (statistics), Phenology, fungi, Environmental science, food and beverages, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 15. Life on land
Abstract: In perennial grasses, the reproductive development encompasses several phenological events, such as apex induction, floral transition, heading and flowering, that deeply affect biomass production, forage quality and plant perenniality. Despite the importance of perennial grasses in agricultural systems and natural ecosystems, we still lack accurate models predicting the reproductive development and its consequences on plant growth and grassland management. Most of available models implements a fixed scheduling of the reproductive development expressed either in thermal time or in calendar time. The progressive completion of floral induction and the effects of environmental factors are generally poorly described. In addition, the vegetative and reproductive developments are represented as independent and successive phases. In the present work, we introduce the new model LgrassFlo, which simulates the reproductive development of perennial grasses in interaction with plant vegetative development and considering the effects of environmental conditions on floral induction.LgrassFlo simulates the canopy as the dynamics of a collection of individual plants, each being composed of one or more tillers. The 3D description of leaf growth and tillering is based on a functional-structural plant model of perennial ryegrass (Lgrass). We developed a new model of floral induction describing the progression of the primary and secondary induction of each apex of the plant according to (i) the daily temperature, (ii) photoperiod and (iii) plant architecture. This model was coupled to Lgrass, the model ensemble being called LgrassFlo. During apex induction, LgrassFlo accounts for an increase in the rates of leaf primordia initiation and leaf elongation. After floral transition, we assume that the apex only initiates spikelet primordia and that internodes start to elongate. LgrassFlo simulates the date of floral transition, the final number of leaves and the heading date based on a 3D representation of plant architecture.A specific experiment was carried out in order to calibrate LgrassFlo on data describing the vegetative and reproductive development of three Lolium perenne cultivars contrasted for their precocity and exposed to four inductive conditions in growth chambers. The first three conditions consisted in a period allowing for primary induction (low temperature – short day) followed by a period allowing for secondary induction (high temperature – long day), the two periods being spaced by a non-inductive period (high temperature - short day) of 0, 3 or 6 weeks. In the fourth condition, plants were not exposed to conditions allowing for the primary induction. A set of vegetative and reproductive parameters were estimated for each individual plant of the experiment. The parameter values were independent of the experimental treatment but showed a large genetic diversity both between and within varieties. Using this calibration, LgrassFlo satisfactorily predicted the observed diversity in final leaf number and heading date.The present model is a step forward towards a better prediction of perennial grass phenology in actual and future climatic conditions. In this respect, the model is being currently used to simulate the observed genetic diversity in the heading date of several Lolium perenne cultivars grown in contrasted temperate climates over the last 15 years.
Published: 2021

19. Legacy effects of temporary grassland in annual crop rotation on soil ecosystem services

Author: Marc Roucaute, Abad Chabbi, Marie-Laure Decau, Stefan Scheu, Jörg Hanisch, Sylvain Busnot, Tania Runge, Tomas Roslin, Ilka Engell, Ulfert Graefe, Vincent Hallaire, Martin Potthoff, Tanel Vahter, Luis F. Arias-Giraldo, Gema Guzmán, Anneke Beylich, Mignon Sandor, Daniel Cluzeau, Maarja Öpik, Kevin Hoeffner, Safya Menasseri, Guénola Pérès, Rüdiger M. Schmelz, Blanca B. Landa, Dumitrita Dascalu, Siim-Kaarel Sepp, Annegret Nicolai, Elke Plaas, Deborah Linsler, Martin Banse, Stefan Schrader, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut für Angewandte Bodenbiologie GmbH (IFAB), Institute for Applied Soil Biology, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Tartu, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Fourrages Environnement Ruminants Lusignan (FERLUS), This work was supported by the EU SoilMan project (grant number 01LC1620) funded through the 2015–2016 BiodivERsA COFUND call for research proposals, with national funders the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the French National Research Agency (ANR), the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI), the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange)., ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca = Universitatea de Științe Agricole și Medicină Veterinară Cluj-Napoca, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation (Romania)
Subjects: Yield, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil biology, Forage, 010501 environmental sciences, Aggregate stability, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Grassland, Saturated hydraulic conductivity, Soil suppressiveness, Ecosystem services, Soil management, Soil, Ascomycota, Environmental Chemistry, Soil biota, natural sciences, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, food and beverages, Agriculture, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Crop rotation, Pollution, Crop Production, 6. Clean water, Soil structure, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Ecosystem functioning, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: The introduction of temporary grassland into an annual crop rotation is recognized to improve soil ecosystem services, and resulting legacies can be beneficial for the following crops. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate legacy effects of introducing temporary grassland into an annual crop rotation on five ecosystem services (i) soil structure maintenance (aggregate stability), (ii) water regulation (saturated hydraulic conductivity), (iii) biodiversity conservation (microbial biomass and microbial metabolic activity, as well as microorganism, enchytraeid, springtail and earthworm communities), (iv) pathogen regulation (soil suppressiveness to Verticillium dahliae), and (v) forage production and quality. Three crop rotation schemes, maintained for twelve years, were compared in four random blocks, one being an annual crop rotation without grassland (0%), another with a medium percentage of grassland (50%, corresponding to 3 years of continuous grassland in the crop rotation), and a third one with a high percentage of grassland in the crop rotation (75%, corresponding to 6 years of continuous grassland in the crop rotation). The results showed that the grassland introduction into an annual crop rotation improved, whatever the duration of the grassland, soil structure maintenance and biodiversity conservation, while it decreased pathogen regulation and did not modify water regulation. Comparing the two crop rotations that included grassland, indicated a stronger beneficial grassland legacy effect for the higher proportion of grassland concerning soil structure maintenance and biodiversity conservation. By contrast, water regulation, pathogen regulation and forage production were not affected by the legacy of the 75% grassland during the rotation. Overall, our findings demonstrated the extent to which grassland legacies are affecting the current state of soil properties and possible ecosystem services provided. To improve ecosystem services, soil management should take legacy effects into account and consider longer timeframes to apply beneficial practices., This work was supported by the EU SoilMan project (grant number 01LC1620) funded through the 2015–2016 BiodivERsA COFUND call for research proposals, with national funders the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the French National Research Agency (ANR), the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI), the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange). We would like to thank the National Research Infrastructure “Agro-écosystèmes, Cycles Biogéochimique et Biodiversité” (ACBB) http://www.soere-acbb for providing access to an excellent field experiment and the “the AnaEE France (ANR-11-INBS-0001)”, “AllEnvi” and “CNRS-INSU” which support it. We thank Météo France for meteorological data.
Published: 2021

20. Diversity in the chemical composition and digestibility of leaves from fifty woody species in temperate areas

Author: Stéphanie Mahieu, François Gastal, Sandra Novak, Remy Delagarde, Philippe Barre, J. C. Emile, Vincent Niderkorn, Fourrages Environnement Ruminants Lusignan (FERLUS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ADEME - PARASOL project (contract 1560C0025), Casdar Arbele (contract 5404), Lise´a Biodiversite´ Foundation in the frame of the Ruminarbre project, European Project: 613520,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2013-7-single-stage,AGFORWARD(2014), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 040301 veterinary sciences, Ficus, Biology, Sambucus nigra, 0403 veterinary science, Fodder, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Crude protein, Dry matter, Condensed tannins, In vitro digestibility, Fodder trees, 0402 animal and dairy science, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Ruminants, 15. Life on land, Herbaceous plant, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Horticulture, Liana, Shoot, Life form, Carica, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; In temperate regions, tree leaves could be a source of energy, protein, vitamins and minerals for ruminants. Our objective was to study the diversity in chemical composition and digestibility of leaves on a panel of native woody species or potentially adapted to temperate regions. The leaves of 28 trees, 14 shrubs and 8 liana species were collected during summer across locations in France. Shoots of 8 herbaceous species were also collected for comparison. Fodder samples were analysed for in vitro digestibility (IVDMD), dry matter content and concentrations in crude protein (CP), neutral and acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, ash, condensed tannins (CT), and macro and micro minerals. All these variables, expressed on DM basis, varied widely according to species (P
Published: 2021

21. Exploring complementarities between modelling approaches that enable upscaling from plant community functioning to ecosystem services as a way to support agroecological transition

Author: Noémie Gaudio, Gaëtan Louarn, Romain Barillot, Clémentine Meunier, Rémi Vezy, Marie Launay, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, individual-based models, crop mixtures, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, process-based models, crop models, pest regulation, Modeling and Simulation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, modelling synergies
Abstract: Promoting plant diversity through crop mixtures is a mainstay of the agroecological transition. Modelling this transition requires considering both plant–plant interactions and plants’ interactions with abiotic and biotic environments. Modelling crop mixtures enables designing ways to use plant diversity to provide ecosystem services, as long as they include crop management as input. A single modelling approach is not sufficient, however, and complementarities between models may be critical to consider the multiple processes and system components involved at different and relevant spatial and temporal scales. In this article, we present different modelling solutions implemented in a variety of examples to upscale models from local interactions to ecosystem services. We highlight that modelling solutions (i.e. coupling, metamodelling, inverse or hybrid modelling) are built according to modelling objectives (e.g. understand the relative contributions of primary ecological processes to crop mixtures, quantify impacts of the environment and agricultural practices, assess the resulting ecosystem services) rather than to the scales of integration. Many outcomes of multispecies agroecosystems remain to be explored, both experimentally and through the heuristic use of modelling. Combining models to address plant diversity and predict ecosystem services at different scales remains rare but is critical to support the spatial and temporal prediction of the many systems that could be designed.
Published: 2021

22. Grassland-to-crop conversion in agricultural landscapes has lasting impact on the trait diversity of bees

Author: Marilyn Roncoroni, Nicolas Gross, Fabrice Requier, Gaëtane Le Provost, Isabelle Badenhausser, Cyrille Violle, Marie D’Ottavio, Louis Gross, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Land-use changes, Geography, Planning and Development, Biology, Plant–pollinator interactions, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Pollinator, Plant-pollinator interactions, Functional trait diversity, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Habitat loss, 15. Life on land, Landscape history, Pollinator decline, Habitat destruction, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Landscape ecology, Research Article
Abstract: Context Global pollinator decline has motivated much research to understand the underlying mechanisms. Among the multiple pressures threatening pollinators, habitat loss has been suggested as a key-contributing factor. While habitat destruction is often associated with immediate negative impacts, pollinators can also exhibit delayed responses over time. Objectives We used a trait-based approach to investigate how past and current land use at both local and landscape levels impact plant and wild bee communities in grasslands through a functional lens. Methods We measured flower and bee morphological traits that mediate plant–bee trophic linkage in 66 grasslands. Using an extensive database of 20 years of land-use records, we tested the legacy effects of the landscape-level conversion of grassland to crop on flower and bee trait diversity. Results Land-use history was a strong driver of flower and bee trait diversity in grasslands. Particularly, bee trait diversity was lower in landscapes where much of the land was converted from grassland to crop long ago. Bee trait diversity was also strongly driven by plant trait diversity computed with flower traits. However, this relationship was not observed in landscapes with a long history of grassland-to-crop conversion. The effects of land-use history on bee communities were as strong as those of current land use, such as grassland or mass-flowering crop cover in the landscape. Conclusions Habitat loss that occurred long ago in agricultural landscapes alters the relationship between plants and bees over time. The retention of permanent grassland sanctuaries within intensive agricultural landscapes can offset bee decline.
Published: 2021

23. The 4 C approach as a way to understand species interactions determining intercropping productivity

Author: Eric Justes, Georg Carlsson, Chrysanthi Pankou, Gaëtan Louarn, Simon Boudsocq, Long Li, Laurent Bedoussac, Ela Frak, Christos Dordas, Chaochun Zhang, Etienne-Pascal Journet, Christine A. Watson, Erik Steen Jensen, Anastasios Lithourgidis, Direction du département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Direction Persyst), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), China Agriculture University [Beijing], Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), European Union through the H2020 ReMIX project (Redesigning European cropping systems based on species mixtures) 727217, European Project: 727217,ReMIX(2017), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, interspecific interactions, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, agroécologie, 01 natural sciences, Interactions biologiques, Sustainable agriculture, Mathematics, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, biology, Agroforestry, Intercropping, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Taux d'efficacité unité terre, Compétition végétale, Agroécosystème, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, light, competition, Biotechnology, F40 - Écologie végétale, media_common.quotation_subject, water, species mixtures, cooperation, Competition (biology), Culture intercalaire, compensation, nutrients, Culture en mélange, land equivalent ratio, Agricultural Science, Agroecology, complementarity, General Veterinary, Abiotic stress, facteurs abiotiques, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Complementarity (molecular biology), 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Compétition interspécifique, Système de culture, Cropping, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Modern agriculture needs to develop transition pathways toward agroecological, resilient and sustainable farming systems. One key pathway for such agroecological intensification is the diversification of cropping systems using intercropping and notably cereal-grain legume mixtures. Such mixtures or intercrops have the potential to increase and stabilize yields and improve cereal grain protein concentration in comparison to sole crops. Species mixtures are complex and the 4C approach is both a pedagogical and scientific way to represent the combination of four joint effects of Competition, Complementarity, Cooperation, and Compensation as processes or effects occurring simultaneously and dynamically between species over the whole cropping cycle. Competition is when plants have fairly similar requirements for abiotic resources in space and time, the result of all processes that occur when one species has a greater ability to use limiting resources (e.g., nutrients, water, space, light) than others. Complementarity is when plants grown together have different requirements for abiotic resources in space, time or form. Cooperation is when the modification of the environment by one species is beneficial to the other(s). Compensation is when the failure of one species is compensated by the other(s) because they differ in their sensitivity to abiotic stress. The 4C approach allows to assess the performance of arable intercropping versus classical sole cropping through understanding the use of abiotic resources.
Published: 2021

24. Does the higher root carbon contribution to soil under cropping cycles following grassland conversion also increase shoot biomass?

Author: Teng Hu, Abad Chabbi, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hunan Agricultural University [Changsha], ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), and European Project: 654182,H2020,H2020-INFRADEV-1-2014-1,ENVRI PLUS(2015)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, Biomass, 010501 environmental sciences, Crop rotations, Soil C, 01 natural sciences, Zea mays, Grassland, Shoot biomass, Crop, Soil, Land use conversion, Shoot biomass C, Environmental Chemistry, Fertilizers, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, δ13C, Agriculture, 15. Life on land, Crop rotation, Pollution, Carbon, Agronomy, chemistry, Environmental science, France, Root biomass C, Cropping
Abstract: International audience; This study tested the possible root biomass improvements in crop rotations after the conversion of grasslands, and crop samples from maize, winter wheat, and winter barley were collected during 2011-2013 from a long-term experimental site in Lusignan, France (http://www.soere-acbb). Root biomass C quantification was performed using delta C-13 isotopic signatures to determine the presence of both C3 and C4 plants. We also calculated the recovery rate of maize root biomass C. The results showed that after crop rotations, 0-60 cm root biomass C values were 44.1, 34.2, and 18.7 g C m(-2) for maize, winter wheat, and winter barley respectively. The Root biomass C of crops after conversion to grassland was approximately 2-3 times those observed after crop rotations. However, incorporating ley grassland duration into crop rotations showed limited improvements in shoot biomass C and grain yield of the crops, regardless of the decreased rate of N fertilizer for maize. Moreover, root biomass C had a significant relationship with N supply from residues (P
Published: 2021

25. Combining eddy covariance measurements with process-based modelling to enhance understanding of carbon exchange rates of dairy pastures

Author: Lìyǐn L. Liáng, Nicolas Puche, Abad Chabbi, Donna Giltrap, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), NewZealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Centre, AnaEE France, CNRS, National Research Infrastructure Agro-ecosystemes, Cycles Biogeochimique et Biodiversite (ACBB), New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE), University of Waikato (New Zealand), and ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011)
Subjects: Temperate grassland, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Process (engineering), CenW, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Eddy covariance, evapotranspiration, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Evapotranspiration, Grazing, Environmental Chemistry, grazing, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, photosynthesis, Management effects, Carbon exchange, Soil carbon, net ecosystem production, 15. Life on land, Pollution, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, respiration
Abstract: International audience; Many temperate grasslands are used for dairying, and ongoing research aims to better understand these systems in order to increase animal production and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. However, it is difficult to fully understand management effects on SOC because most changes are slow and difficult to distinguish from natural variability, even if changes are important over years to decades. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements can overcome this problem by continuously measuring net carbon exchange from pastures, but net balances are very sensitive to even small systematic measurement errors. Combining EC measurements with detailed process-based modelling can reduce the risks inherent in total reliance on EC measurements. Modelling can also reveal information about the underlying processes that drive observed fluxes. Here, we describe carbon exchange patterns of five paddocks situated at four different locations in New Zealand and France where EC data and detailed physiological modelling were available. The work showed that respiration by grazing animals was often only incompletely captured in EC measurements. This was most problematic when fluxes were based on gap-filling, which could have estimated incorrect fluxes during grazing periods based on observations from periods without grazing. We then aimed to extract plant physiological insights from these studies. We found appreciable carbon uptake rates even at temperatures below 0 degrees C. After grazing, carbon uptake was reduced for up to 2 weeks. This reduction was larger than expected from reduced leaf area after grazing, but the factors contributing to that difference have not yet been identified. Detailed physiological models can also extrapolate findings to new management regimes, environmental conditions or plant attributes. This overcomes the limitation of experimental studies, which are necessarily restricted to actual site and weather conditions allowing models to make further progress on predicting management effects on SOC.
Published: 2020

26. Do human infrastructures shape nest distribution in the landscape depending on individual personality in a farmland bird of prey?

Author: Vincent Bretagnolle, Juliette Rabdeau, Isabelle Badenhausser, Karine Monceau, François Mougeot, Beatriz Arroyo, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTER 'Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre', Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France), and Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Farms, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nesting Behavior, human disturbance, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, Nest, Personality, Animals, Humans, education, boldness, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Reproductive success, biology, spatial distribution, Raptors, Ecology, Boldness, Bird of prey, nest site selection, Harrier, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Circus pygargus, Geography, reproductive success, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Paternal care
Abstract: Individuals' distribution across habitats may depend on their personality. Human activities and infrastructures are critical elements of the landscape that may impact the habitat selection process. However, depending on their personality, individuals may respond differently to these unnatural elements. In the present study, we first investigated whether some human infrastructures (buildings, roads and paths) shaped Montagu's harrier nest spatial distribution in the landscape according to female personality (boldness). Second, we tested if the reproductive success of females depended on their boldness and nest location regarding infrastructures. Using a long-term (19 years) dataset, we calculated, for each infrastructure type, the distance from each nest to the nearest infrastructure and the infrastructure density around the nest. We tested the effects of female boldness (bold vs. shy) and its interaction with egg-laying date on these six metrics. Nest location in the landscape depended on female personality and on some human infrastructures: the building density was smaller around nests from shy females than from bold ones. Nest distribution related to other infrastructure metrics did not depend on female boldness. The pattern related to building density is consistent with some habitat choice hypotheses, which are discussed. Path density around nests negatively affected reproductive success regardless of female boldness, and late breeders nested further away from paths than early breeders. Human activities on paths (more common later in the season) could lead to disturbance and a decrease in parental care, reducing reproductive success. Increasing human presence in farmlands implies a need to better understand its impact on population composition, in terms of personality. Our results suggest that individual behavioural differences should be taken into account in studies assessing the effects of human disturbance on animal populations, to propose more appropriate conservation measures., This work was supported by La Rochelle Université, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and the Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement. We thank Catherine Menard (Direction régionale de l'Environnement, de l'Aménagement et du Logement de Nouvelle Aquitaine) and Fondation LISEA for partial funding and administrative support.
Published: 2020

27. The intensity of water stress dictates whether the N status of temperate-type perennial grass swards is affected by drought

Author: Fernando A. Lattanzi, Pedro Manuel Errecart, Jean-Louis Durand, María A. Marino, Mónica Graciela Agnusdei, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Irrigation, Perennial plant, Soil Science, Forage, Root system, Nitrogen Nutrition Index, Water-nitrogen interaction, 01 natural sciences, Temperate climate, 2. Zero hunger, Topsoil, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Roots, 6. Clean water, Resource co-limitation, Agronomy, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil horizon, Environmental science, Forage yield, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Temperate-type, summer-active cool-season perennial grasses are frequently exposed to dry spells during the warm season due to the high atmospheric demand and fast soil desiccation. Since water availability is essential for sward nitrogen (N) uptake and most mineral N is located in the topsoil, water stress may hinder sward N nutrition if it reduces N supply. In hydro-halomorphic soils, imbalances between soil N supply and sward N demand during summer could be further aggravated by, first, the limited water holding capacity of the topsoil, and second, potential availability of water from deep, N-poor soil horizons that are kept moist by a shallow water table. The aim of this work was to quantify the effect of N and water availability on N status and productivity of temperate-type perennial swards growing in a hydro-halomorphic soil of the Flooding Pampa. During two consecutive years, shoot and root dynamics, as well as radiation capture, N nutrition index (NNI), soil water availability and leaf water potential were followed over six weeks long mid-summer regrowths of old stands (> 9 years) of temperate-type tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] sown on a typical Natraqualf soil in Balcarce, Argentina. Swards were either rainfed or irrigated and fertilized with either 40 or 200 kg de N ha(-1). Root systems were large (5.8-9.3 Mg DM roots ha(-1)), but concentrated mostly in the 0.2 m topsoil (66%-75% of root biomass or length). Despite invariably high available water below 0.4 m throughout both experimental periods, rainfed swards faced transient episodes of water stress whenever the upper soil layer dried out. Tall fescue swards were strongly co-limited by water and N during summer, showing comparable, very high responses to both N addition and irrigation. Further, forage yield showed synergistic increases when swards received both supplemental water and N simultaneously. This was mainly due to consistent synergistic responses in radiation use efficiency and leaf lifespan. Sward NNI was depressed only by an historically severe drought but was not altered when water stress intensity was lower, close to average for the season in the area. Therefore, the major causes of typically low summer productivity of temperate-type tall fescue growing in hydro-halomorphic soils of the Flooding Pampa are the intrinsic effects of low N and low water availability, with only uncommonly extreme water stress episodes reducing yield indirectly through an aggravation of crop N status.
Published: 2020

28. Allometric relationships between nitrogen uptake and transpiration to untangle interactions between nitrogen supply and drought in maize and sorghum

Author: Victor O. Sadras, Hamish E. Brown, Gilles Lemaire, Taise Robinson Kunrath, Ignacio A. Ciampitti, Edmar Teixeira, Instituto de Zootecnia (SAA, APTA), Partenaires INRAE, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited [Auckland] (Plant & Food Research), Department of Agronomy [Kansas State University], Kansas State University, and The University of Adelaide
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Soil Science, Biomass, Plant Science, probe, 01 natural sciences, high throughput sequencing, Crop, anchored enrichment, molecular phylogenetics, Illumina, Evapotranspiration, Water-use efficiency, Hyb-Seq, Transpiration, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Crop yield, fungi, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Sorghum, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, bait, NGS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Allometry, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Worldwide supply of water and nitrogen (N) are critical to crop yield with multiple interactions that need to be untangled. We used an allometric framework to quantify the dynamic relationships between crop growth, transpiration and N uptake in maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) using published data from experiments in France, New Zealand and United States. Our analysis highlighted a two-fold effect of drought on crop growth: a direct effect whereby crop growth is reduced proportionally to the reduction in transpiration, and an indirect effect mediated by a drought-induced crop N deficit, quantified as N nutrition index (NNI), the ratio between actual and critical plant N concentration (the minimum plant N concentration for achieving maximum crop mass). Under drought, sorghum maintained NNI and transpiration efficiency (biomass per unit of transpiration) whereas both NNI and transpiration efficiency declined in drought-stressed maize in comparison to well-watered crops. Nitrogen uptake per unit of transpiration (N/T) is a valuable trait for analyzing the combined effect of water and N deficit on water use efficiency (biomass per unit of evapotranspiration). However, both N/T and crop N concentration decline allometrically with biomass, hence comparisons of genotypes, environments and management practices would be biased unless they are scaled by crop biomass.
Published: 2020

29. Land-use perturbations in ley grassland decouple the degradation of ancient soil organic matter from the storage of newly derived carbon inputs

Author: M. Panettieri, D. Courtier-Murias, C. Rumpel, M.-F. Dignac, G. Almendros, A. Chabbi, European Commission, Analyses et Expérimentations pour les Ecosystèmes (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Navier (NAVIER UMR 8205), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgreenSkills fellowship programme under the EU Seventh Framework Programme, AnaEE France, IR-RMN-THC CNRS, ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field experiment, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Stable-isotope probing, Soil Science, Soil science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Temperate climate, Organic matter, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Soil organic matter, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Global change, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, lcsh:Geology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science
Abstract: In a context of global change, soil has been identified as a potential carbon (C) sink, depending on land-use strategies. To detect the trends in carbon stocks after the implementation of new agricultural practices, early indicators, which can highlight changes in short timescales, are required. This study proposes the combined use of stable isotope probing and chemometrics applied to solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra to unveil the dynamics of the storage and mineralization of soil carbon (C) pools. We focused on light organic matter fractions isolated by density fractionation of soil water stable aggregates because they respond faster to changes in land use than the total soil organic matter (SOM). Samples were collected from an agricultural field experiment with grassland, continuous maize cropping, and ley grassland under temperate climate conditions. Our results indicated contrasting aggregate dynamics depending on land-use systems. Under our experimental conditions, grassland returns larger amounts of C as belowground inputs than maize cropping, evidencing a different distribution of light C fractions between aggregate classes. Coarse aboveground inputs from maize contributed mostly to larger macroaggregates. Land-use changes with the introduction of ley grassland provoked a decoupling of the storage and/or degradation processes after the grassland phase. The newly derived maize inputs were barely degraded during the first 3 years of maize cropping, whereas grassland-derived material was depleted. As a whole, results suggest large microbial proliferation as shown by 13 C NMR under permanent grassland, then reduced within the first years after the land-use conversion, and finally restored. The study highlighted a fractal structure of the soil, determining a scattered spatial distribution of the cycles of storage and degradation of soil organic matter related to detritusphere dynamics. As a consequence, vegetal inputs from a new land use are creating new detritusphere microenvironments that may be disconnected from the dynamics of C cycle of the previous land use. The formation of those different and unconnected microenvironments may explain the observed legacy effect of the previous land use, since each microenvironment type contributes separately to the overall soil C cycle. The effects of the new land use on the soil C cycle are delayed until the different detritusphere microenvironments remain unconnected, and the ones from the previous land use represent the predominant microenvironment type. Increasing knowledge of the soil C dynamics at a fine scale will be helpful in refining the prediction models and land-use policies., This research has been supported by the Agreen Skills fellowship programme under the EU Seventh Framework Programme (grant nos. FP7-26719 and ExpeER 262060), AnaEE France (grant no. ANR-11-INBS-0001), and the IR-RMNTHC (grant no. Fr3050) CNRS.
Published: 2020

30. Towards intercrop ideotypes: non-random trait assembly can promote overyielding and stability of species proportion in simulated legume-based mixtures

Author: Abraham J. Escobar-Gutiérrez, Gaëtan Louarn, Romain Barillot, Didier Combes, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-13-ADAP-0015,PRAISE,Amélioration génétique des PRAIries SEmées face aux aléas climatiques : valorisation de la diversité(2013)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Assembly rules, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, species abundance, facilitation, Resource Acquisition Is Initialization, Biomass, Relative species abundance, overyielding, 2. Zero hunger, assembly rules, Intercropping, Fabaceae, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Interspecific competition, Biodiversity, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, forage mixtures, Phenotype, Complementarity (molecular biology), 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Trait, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Interception, Biological system, individual-based model, competition, ideotypes, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Backgrounds and Aims A major challenge when supporting the development of intercropping systems remains the design of efficient species mixtures. The ecological processes that sustain overyielding of legume-based mixtures compared to pure crops are well known, but their links to plant traits remain to be unravelled. A common assumption is that enhancing trait divergence among species for resource acquisition when assembling plant mixtures should increase species complementarity and improve community performance. Methods The Virtual Grassland model was used to assess how divergence in trait values between species on four physiological functions (namely light and mineral N acquisition, temporal development, and C–N use efficiency) affected overyielding and mixture stability in legume-based binary mixtures. A first step allowed us to identify the model parameters that were most important to interspecies competition. A second step involved testing the impact of convergent and divergent parameter (or trait) values between species on virtual mixture performance. Results Maximal overyielding was achieved in cases where trait values were divergent for the physiological functions controlling N acquisition and temporal development but convergent for light interception. It was also found that trait divergence should not affect competitive abilities of legume and non-legumes at random. Indeed, random trait combinations frequently led to reduced mixture yields when compared to a perfectly convergent neutral model. Combinations with the highest overyielding also tended to be associated with mixture instability and decreasing legume biomass proportion. Achieving both high overyielding and mixture stability was only found to be possible under low or moderate N levels, using combinations of traits adapted to each environment. Conclusions No simple assembly rule based on trait divergence could be confirmed. Plant models able to infer plant–plant interactions can be helpful for the identification of major interaction traits and the definition of ideotypes adapted to a targeted intercropping system.
Published: 2020

31. Soybean yield does not rely on mineral fertilizer in rotation with flooded rice under a no-till integrated crop-livestock system

Author: Ibanor Anghinoni, Amanda Posselt Martins, Luiz Gustavo de Oliveira Denardin, Ignacio A. Ciampitti, Abad Chabbi, Paulo César de Faccio Carvalho, Min Huang, Fernanda Gomes Moojen, Leonardo Mendes Bastos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Department of Agronomy [Kansas State University], Kansas State University, Hunan Agricultural University [Changsha], Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Nutrient cycle, Glycine max, animal diseases, cattle grazing, lowland, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Agriculture, No-till farming, Human fertilization, parasitic diseases, 2. Zero hunger, paddy fields, Soil organic matter, fungi, lcsh:S, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Crop rotation, 6. Clean water, soil chemical properties, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil horizon, Fertilizer, Monoculture, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: In subtropical lowlands, the introduction of soybean and livestock in rotation are an alternative to rice monoculture. Due to the nutrient cycling process improved by animal grazing in winter fertilized pastures, soybean may not respond to mineral fertilization under a no-till integrated crop&ndash, livestock system (ICLS). Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate (i) the soybean yield response to different fertilization levels of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) and (ii) the relationship between soybean yield and soil chemical properties sampled in different soil layers, in a no-till ICLS in subtropical lowlands. Two field studies were conducted in a system that included a soybean-flooded rice rotation integrated with cattle grazing during the winter season. During the 2015/2016 cropping season, five levels of P and K fertilization were applied to the soil. During the 2017/2018 cropping season, the relationships between soybean yield and soil chemical properties were evaluated under no fertilization treatment. Soybean yield under an ICLS did not respond to P and K fertilization, even when the soil P level was below the critical threshold. The associations between soybean yield and soil chemical properties were greatest in the 10&ndash, 20 cm soil layer as compared with the 0&ndash, 10 cm soil layer, especially for available P, followed by pH and soil organic matter (SOM). The crop rotation and ICLS adoption under no-till reduced the soybean reliance for mineral fertilization prior to cropping. Results of this study inform producers of possible fertilization adjustments, in which supplementing mineral fertilizer for soybean may not be necessary.
Published: 2020

32. High-throughput genome-wide genotyping to optimize the use of natural genetic resources in the grassland species perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)

Author: José Luis Blanco-Pastor, Isabel Roldán-Ruiz, Philippe Barre, Fabien Surault, Thomas Ledauphin, Hilde Muylle, Matthew J. Hegarty, Jean Paul Sampoux, E. Willner, Thomas Keep, Tom Ruttink, Isabelle Litrico, Klaus J. Dehmer, Anna M. Roschanski, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research [Gatersleben] (IPK-Gatersleben), Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), and Bourse de thèse cofinancée INRAE-Région Nouvelle Aquitaine
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Genotype, forage species, Genome-wide association study, Biology, QH426-470, genebank, association study, 01 natural sciences, Lolium perenne, 03 medical and health sciences, Germany, Lolium, Genetics, GWAS, Ecosystem, Shared data resources, Genetic variability, Molecular Biology, Genotyping, Genetics (clinical), genomic prediction, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, natural diversity, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, Ecotype, Ecology, business.industry, Genetic Variation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Grassland, Europe, Plant Breeding, GenPred, Agriculture, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The natural genetic diversity of agricultural species is an essential genetic resource for breeding programs aiming to improve their ecosystem and production services. A large natural ecotype diversity is usually available for most grassland species. This could be used to recombine natural climatic adaptations and agronomic value to create improved populations of grassland species adapted to future regional climates. However describing natural genetic resources can be long and costly. Molecular markers may provide useful information to help this task. This opportunity was investigated for Lolium perenne L., using a set of 385 accessions from the natural diversity of this species collected right across Europe and provided by genebanks of several countries. For each of these populations, genotyping provided the allele frequencies of 189,781 SNP markers. GWAS were implemented for over 30 agronomic and/or putatively adaptive traits recorded in three climatically contrasted locations (France, Belgium, Germany). Significant associations were detected for hundreds of markers despite a strong confounding effect of the genetic background; most of them pertained to phenology traits. It is likely that genetic variability in these traits has had an important contribution to environmental adaptation and ecotype differentiation. Genomic prediction models calibrated using natural diversity were found to be highly effective to describe natural populations for almost all traits as well as commercial synthetic populations for some important traits such as disease resistance, spring growth or phenological traits. These results will certainly be valuable information to help the use of natural genetic resources of other species.
Published: 2020

33. Sheep dung composition and phosphorus and potassium release affected by grazing intensity and pasture development stage in an integrated crop-livestock system

Author: Fernando Arnuti, Pedro Arthur de Albuquerque Nunes, Lucas Aquino Alves, Júlia de Assis, Walker da S. Schaidhauer, Diego Cecagno, Abad Chabbi, Paulo César de Faccio Carvalho, Luiz Gustavo de Oliveira Denardin, Ibanor Anghinoni, Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Nutrient cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Randomized block design, Forage, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Pasture, lcsh:Agriculture, Nutrient, Animal science, litter bags, Grazing, Dry matter, soybean, Italian ryegrass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:S, food and beverages, nutrient cycling, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Lolium multiflorum, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: Animal grazing in integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) results in continuous nutrient release to forage plants and crops in succession. This study aimed to assess sheep dung composition and decomposition rates under distinct grazing intensities and at different development stages of Italian ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and to evaluate dung phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) release dynamics during two annual ICLS cycles (2015 and 2016) in southern Brazil. Treatments consisted of two grazing intensities (moderate and light) and two pasture development stages (vegetative and post-flowering), arranged in a randomized complete block design with split-split-plots and four replicates. Dry matter (DM) decomposition and P and K release rates were determined using litter bags with sheep dung. Grazing intensity did not affect sheep dung composition. Forage consumed at different development stages altered sheep dung composition, decomposition, and P and K release rates. Dung sampled at pasture vegetative stage showed P and K contents 16% and 7% higher, respectively, than dung from the post-flowering stage. Dung collected at pasture post-flowering stage had 26% more cellulose and 34% more hemicellulose compared to dung from the vegetative stage in 2016. P and K release was greater for dung from pasture vegetative stage, reaching 3.7 and 12.9 kg ha&minus, 1 of P and K, respectively. Further evaluations are still needed considering the quantification and release of nutrients in each of the different compartments (pasture, urine, and dung residues) that compose the system.
Published: 2020

34. Heteromorphic seed germination and seedling emergence in the legume Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng (Fabacaeae)

Author: Aurora Pérez, José Carlos Lorenzo, Marcos Edel Martínez-Montero, Doris Escalante, Yanier Acosta, Lianny Pérez, Lina Qadir Ahmed, Sershen, Dayamí Fontes, Universidad de Ciego de Avila (UNICA), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and University of the Western Cape
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, animal feed, dormance des graines, alimentation animale, legumes, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, légumineuses, Botany, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Legume, 2. Zero hunger, couleur des graines, Ecology, biology, seed dormancy, fixation d’azote, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, crops, cultures, Seedling, Germination, nitrogen fixation, Teramnus labialis, seed color, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Seed heteromorphism can influence germination and ultimately seedling establishment, particularly in disturbed habitats. This study compared seed and seedling traits across three distinctly colored seed morphs (viz. light-brown, brown, and dark-brown) of the forage legume, Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng. The best quality seeds (i.e., un-parasitized, filled and un-cracked) were brown: 389.3 quality seeds per 1000 units compared with
Published: 2020

35. Configurational crop heterogeneity increases within‐field plant diversity

Author: Gavin M. Siriwardena, Isabelle Badenhausser, Nathalie Patry, Péter Batáry, Irene Robleño, Yann Clough, Romain Georges, Teja Tscharntke, Jean-Louis Martin, Kathryn Lindsay, Jacques Baudry, Nicole Yaverscovski, Vincent Bretagnolle, Lluís Brotons, Brigitte Poulin, Jordi Recasens, François Calatayud, Jesús Miñano, Annick Gibon, Audrey Alignier, Nicolas Gross, Aliette Bosem Baillod, David Giralt, Françoise Burel, Cyrille Violle, Jude Girard, Paul Miguet, Barbara Baraibar, Colette Bertrand, Lenore Fahrig, Laura Henckel, Xavier O. Solé-Senan, Clélia Sirami, Annika L. Hass, Scott Mitchell, Gerard Bota, Aude Vialatte, Romain Carrié, Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universitat de Lleida, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Biology, Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory, Carleton University, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Agroscope FAL Reckenholz (AGROSCOPE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Lund University [Lund], Department of Biology, Carleton University (Carleton University), Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institute of Biochemistry and MTA SZBK 'Lendület' Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, ANR‐11‐EBID‐0004, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Canada Foundation for Innovation, ANR-11-EBID-0004,FarmLand,European Network on Farmland Heterogeneity, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services(2011), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zone Atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre [LTSER France], and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Gamma diversity, media_common.quotation_subject, Biodiversity, Males herbes--Control, Conreus, farmland, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Crop, field border, crop mosaic, Agricultural productivity, Crop mosaic, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, business.industry, Agroforestry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, landscape composition, landscape configuration, Biodiversitat--Conservació, 15. Life on land, Field border, Paisatge, Geography, Agriculture, diversity partitioning, Biodiversity and ecosystem services, Alpha diversity, biodiversity conservation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Weed, business, weed
Abstract: 1. Increasing landscape heterogeneity by restoring semi-natural elements to reverse farmland biodiversity declines is not always economically feasible or acceptable to farmers due to competition for land. We hypothesized that increasing the hetero-geneity of the crop mosaic itself, hereafter referred to as crop heterogeneity, can have beneficial effects on within-field plant diversity .2. Using a unique multi-country dataset from a cross-continent collaborative project covering 1,451 agricultural fields within 432 landscapes in Europe and Canada, we assessed the relative effects of compositional and configurational crop heteroge-neity on within-field plant diversity components. We also examined how these relationships were modulated by the position within the field. 3. We found strong positive effects of configurational crop heterogeneity on within-field plant alpha and gamma diversity in field interiors. These effects were as high as the effect of semi-natural cover. In field borders, effects of crop heterogeneity were limited to alpha diversity. We suggest that a heterogeneous crop mosaic may overcome the high negative impact of management practices on plant diversity in field interiors, whereas in field borders, where plant diversity is already high, landscape effects are more limited. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that increasing configurational crop heterogeneity is beneficial to within-field plant diversity. It opens up a new effec-tive and complementary way to promote farmland biodiversity without taking land out of agricultural production. We therefore recommend adopting manipulation of crop heterogeneity as a specific, effective management option in future policy measures, perhaps adding to agri-environment schemes, to contribute to the con-servation of farmland plant diversity. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; German Ministry of Research and Education; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grant/Award Number: ANR-11-EBID-0004; Canada Foundation for Innovation; German Research Foundation; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; French National Research Agency, Grant/Award Number: ANR-11-EBID-0004; UK Government Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; Environment Canada (EC)
Published: 2020

36. Nitrogen concentration in the upper leaves of the canopy is a reliable indicator of plant N nutrition in both pure and mixed grassland swards

Author: Gaëtan Louarn, François Gastal, Abad Chabbi, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-11-INBS-0001, and European Project: 262060,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,EXPEER(2010)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, grass, nitrogen nutrition index, chemistry.chemical_element, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Legume, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, legume, plant nitrogen status, 15. Life on land, Nitrogen, multispecies mixtures, Agronomy, chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Effective indicators of plant nitrogen (N) nutrition are needed to improve N management in grasslands. This is particularly the case for mixtures that rely on N fixation by legumes as a major N input, because no reference tool such as the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) exists under these conditions. The aims of this study were to test the reliability of a plant-based index, the N concentration of upper leaves in the canopy (Nup), as a possible alternative for NNI in both pure and mixed grasslands. Data were gathered from four experiments covering a range of pure and mixed grasslands under different N fertilization levels. A cross-validation of Nup predictions against NNI in pure stands, and against two NNI-derived indices in mixtures, was performed. The Nup values appeared to be linearly related to NNI in pure stands of both grasses and legumes. The relationship was identical for the two groups of species and explained up to 86% of NNI variability. In mixtures, Nup also displayed a linear relationship with the two other tested indices, explaining 65% and 78% of variability. The conclusions of the three indices diverged with respect to strongly unbalanced mixtures, where the assumptions regarding the computation of NNI-derived indices were not met. Excluding these situations, the overall relationship between Nup and NNI proved to be identical for mixtures and pure stands. The results suggest that Nup is a valid criterion for plant N nutrition which applies to a broad range of grassland species and to mixture conditions.
Published: 2020

37. Temperature sensitivity of decomposition decreases with increasing soil organic matter stability

Author: Peter Millard, Matthias Moinet, Cornelia Rumpel, Gabriel Y.K. Moinet, John E. Hunt, Abad Chabbi, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Bodembiologie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Arrhenius equation, Soil organic matter, Global warming, Diurnal temperature variation, Availability, Soil Biology, SOM stability, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Pollution, Decomposition, Substrate (marine biology), SOM decomposition, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Soil water, symbols, Environmental science, Carbon, Temperature sensitivity
Abstract: International audience; Evaluation of the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is critical for forecasting whether soils in a warming world will lose or gain carbon and, therefore, accelerate or mitigate climate warming. It is usually described, using Arrhenius kinetics, as increasing with the stability of the substrate in laboratory conditions, where substrate availability is non-limiting and where chemical recalcitrance, therefore, predominantly regulates stability. However, conditions of non-limiting subtrate availability are rare in the undisturbed soil, where physicochemical protection of substrates may control their stability. The aim of this study was to assess the temperature sensitivity of decomposition of SOM with contrasting stability in the field. Our conceptual approach was based on in situ measurements of soil CO2 efflux at a range of temperatures from root exclusion plots of increasing age (1 month and three decades) and, therefore, with SOM of increasing stability. From a set of short-term measurements in spring, using diurnal temperature variation, the relative temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) with increasing SOM stability, and was weak (Q(10) < 1.3) in long-term root exclusion plots. This result was confirmed in a similar set of short-term measurements repeated later in the year, in summer, as well as from an analysis perfomed at the seasonal timscale. We provide direct field evidence that the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition decreases with increasing stability, in direct contrast with Arrhenius kinetics prediction, and therefore show that stability of SOM in the field cannot be the sole result of chemical recalcitrance. We conclude that the physicochemical protection of SOM, which controls SOM stability in the field, constrains the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition under field conditions. (C) 2019 The Author(s).
Published: 2020

38. Which recurrent selection scheme to improve mixtures of crop species? Theoretical expectations

Author: Héloïse Giraud, Jean-Paul Sampoux, Isabelle Litrico, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), PRAISE ANR-13-ADAP-0015, and European Project: 727217,ReMIX(2017)
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, 0106 biological sciences, Scheme (programming language), [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Progeny family test, Response to selection, Reciprocal mixture ability, General mixture ability, Selection index, schema de sélection, Context (language use), Biology, QH426-470, Crop species, 01 natural sciences, Statistics, Range (statistics), Genetics, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Selection (genetic algorithm), computer.programming_language, 2. Zero hunger, Models, Genetic, Recurrent selection, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Mixture model, Agricultural sciences, Plant Breeding, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Plant species, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, mélange de semences, Genetic Fitness, Corrigendum, computer, Sciences agricoles, Selective Breeding, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: In a context of increasing environmental challenges, there is an emerging demand for plant cultivars that are adapted to cultivation in species mixture. It is thus pressing to look for the optimization of selection schemes to grow species mixtures, and especially recurrent selection schemes which are at the core of the improvement of many plant species. We considered the case of two populations from different species to be improved by recurrent selection for their performances in mixture. We set up an analytical model of performances in mixture. We expressed the expected responses of the performances in mixture to one cycle of selection in the case of a Reciprocal Mixture Ability selection scheme and of two parallel selection schemes aiming to improve General Mixture Abilities or performances in pure stands. We numerically compared these selection schemes when half-sib or topcross progeny families of selection candidates are tested in mixture. Selection in pure stands appeared efficient within a limited range of genetic correlations between pure stand performance and mixture model effects. The Reciprocal Mixture Ability selection scheme was expected to be less efficient than parallel selections for General Mixture Ability in some situations. The last option enables to control the ratio of expected responses of species contributions to the mixture performance without bias when using selection indices. When more than two species are be improved for their performances in mixture, the advantage of parallel selections for General Mixture Ability is even more marked, providing that compensation trends between species are not too prevalent.
Published: 2020

39. Grassland management for sustainable agroecosystems

Author: Gianni Bellocchi, Abad Chabbi, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Agroecosystem, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, agriculture durable, azote organique du sol, continuous and rotational grazing, pâturage tournant, soil organic carbon and nitrogen, 01 natural sciences, soil respiration, pâturage continu, lcsh:Agriculture, potential management, gestion de la prairie, alimentation en azote, carbone organique du sol, prairie, gestion, durabilité, phosphorous availability and uptake, site use intensity, soil macronutrient responses and distributions, Management practices, 2. Zero hunger, Agroforestry, Grassland degradation, lcsh:S, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, agroécosystème, Agricultural sciences, macronutriment, Geography, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Grassland management, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Agronomy and Crop Science, Sciences agricoles, 010606 plant biology & botany, matière organique du sol
Abstract: Knowledge on sustainable grassland management is available in the large body of literature. However, it is unclear where to look for it, and what is really relevant to the many interrelated challenges of sustainable grassland management. This special issue illustrates options to fill some of those gaps. This editorial introduces the Special Issue entitled “Grassland Management for Sustainable Agroecosystems”. Two review articles deal with (i) concepts for monitoring grassland degradation (by Tiscornia et al. Agronomy 2019, 9, 239) and (ii) impacts of alternative management practices and disturbances (by Wagle and Gowda et al. Agronomy 2018, 8, 300). One paper (by Steiner et al. Agronomy 2019, 9, 699). summarized a series of papers of the special issue. Other topics covered include four main aspects: (I) Landscape features (Ravetto Enri et al. Agronomy 2019, 9, 333), two papers by Northup et al. Agronomy 2019, 9, 329, Northup et al. Agronomy 2019, 9, 281, and Ma et al. Agronomy 2019, 9, 238; (II) climate (Zhou et al. Agronomy 2019, 9, 219, Starks et al. Agronomy 2019, 9, 235, and Moinet et al. Agronomy 2019, 9, 124); (III) soil fertility (Franzluebbers et al. Agronomy 2019, 9, 204, Poblete-Grant et al. Agronomy 2019, 9, 191); and (IV) one on modeling (Puche et al. Agronomy 2019, 9, 183). Two additional papers are from Andueza et al. Agronomy 2019, 9, 273 (on the feed value of barn-dried hay) and Úbeda et al. Agronomy 2019, 9, 340 (on the role of prescribed burns).
Published: 2020

40. Both selection and plasticity drive niche differentiation in experimental grasslands

Author: Sandrine Flajoulot, Vincent Maire, Julien Meilhac, Lucas Deschamps, Isabelle Litrico, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Jouffray-Drillaud, PRAISE ANR-13-ADAP-0015, and Article issu d'une thèse en co-financement Inra-Région Poitou-Charentes
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Niche, Adaptation, Biological, Biodiversity, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Selection, Genetic, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Selection (genetic algorithm), Ecological niche, Phenotypic plasticity, Mechanism (biology), Niche differentiation, Plants, 15. Life on land, Adaptation, Physiological, Grassland, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Adaptation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The way species avoid each other in a community by using resources differently across space and time is one of the main drivers of species coexistence in nature(1,2). This mechanism, known as niche differentiation, has been widely examined theoretically but still lacks thorough experimental validation in plants. To shape niche differences over time, species within communities can reduce the overlap between their niches or find unexploited environmental space(3). Selection and phenotypic plasticity have been advanced as two candidate processes driving niche differentiation(4,5), but their respective role remains to be quantified(6). Here, we tracked changes in plant height, as a candidate trait for light capture(7), in 5-year multispecies sown grasslands. We found increasing among-species height differences over time. Phenotypic plasticity promotes this change, which explains the rapid setting of differentiation in our system. Through the inspection of changes in genetic structure, we also highlighted the contribution of selection. Altogether, we experimentally demonstrated the occurrence of species niche differentiation within artificial grassland communities over a short time scale through the joined action of both plasticity and selection. Niche differentiation has been theorized to occur in plants, but experimental validation of this mechanism of species coexistence is lacking. This study finds selection and phenotypic plasticity to be the main drivers of differentiation.
Published: 2020

41. Simulation using the STICS model of C&N dynamics in alfalfa from sowing to crop destruction

Author: Nicolas Beaudoin, Gaëtan Louarn, Lucia Rakotovololona, Françoise Ruget, Dominique Ripoche, Pascal Thiebeau, Bruno Mary, Loïc Strullu, Bernadette Julier, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ASAE, Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro (Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro), and Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Biomass, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Crop, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crop destruction, Nitrate, Forage quality, Crop model, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, Alfalfa, fungi, Sowing, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Nitrogen, chemistry, Agronomy, Perennial reserves, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil mineral nitrogen, Agronomy and Crop Science, Cropping, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; We adapted the STICS agro-environmental model to simulate the effects of cultivation practices on the biomass production and nitrogen accumulation of perennial crops undergoing regular defoliation, using alfalfa as an example. A unique set of parameters was used to simulate both establishment and regrowth phases over several years, with the assumption that crop growth is driven by interaction between crop development stage and abiotic stresses. The model accurately simulated the total biomass (stems + leaves + crown + taproot + roots) and aboveground biomass of the crop, with model efficiencies of 0.75 and 0.70, respectively, and relative root mean squared errors (rRMSE) of 42% and 36%, respectively. The evaluation results were also satisfactory with respect to total nitrogen content and the aboveground biomass nitrogen content, with model efficiencies of 0.90 and 0.60, respectively, and rRMSE values of 29% and 31%, respectively. The model thus enabled simulations of both the establishment and regrowth of alfalfa and accurately reproduced its seasonal patterns of growth, even though it tended to underestimate spring biomass production. It also produced accurate simulations of the water and nitrate contents of the soil during cropping and after crop destruction. It could therefore be a useful tool regarding the multi-criteria assessment of cropping systems based on alfalfa with respect to their sustainability.
Published: 2020

42. Noise‐induced reduction in the attack rate of a planktivorous freshwater fish revealed by functional response analysis

Author: Nicolas Boyer, Cyril Firmat, Priscillia Hanache, Vincent Médoc, Thierry Spataro, Paulo J. Fonseca, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AgroParisTech, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, education.field_of_study, Ecology, freshwater ecosystems, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Population, Ambient noise level, Foraging, anthropogenic noise, Functional response, 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, behaviour, Noise, Phoxinus phoxinus, functional response, 14. Life underwater, Trophic cascade, education, Trophic level
Abstract: International audience; 1. Anthropogenic noise can affect animals physically, physiologically, and behaviourally. Although individual responses to noise are well documented, the consequences in terms of community structure, species coexistence, and ecosystem functioning remain fairly unknown. 2. The impact of noise on predation has received a growing interest and alterations in trophic links are observed when animals shift from foraging to stress-related behaviours, are distracted by noise, or because of acoustic masking. However, the experimental procedures classically used to quantify predation do not inform on the potential demographic impact on prey. 3. We derived the relationship between resource use and availability (the functional response) for European minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) feeding on dipteran larvae (Chaoborus sp.) under two noise conditions: ambient noise and ambient noise supplemented with motorboat noise. The shape and magnitude of the functional response are powerful indicators of population outcomes and predator–prey dynamics. We also recorded fish behaviour to explore some proximate determinants of altered predation. 4. For both noise conditions, fish displayed a saturating (type II) functional response whose shape depends on two parameters: attack rate and handling time. Boat noise did not affect handling time but significantly reduced attack rate, resulting in a functional response curve of the same height but with a less steep initial slope. Fish exhibited a stress-related response to noise including increased swimming distance, more social interactions, and altered spatial distribution. 5. Our study shows the usefulness of the functional response approach to study the ecological impacts of noise and illustrates how the behavioural responses of predators to noise can modify the demographic pressure on prey. It also suggests that prey availability might mediate the negative effect of noise on predation. Community outcomes are expected if the reduced consumption of the main food sources goes with the overconsumption of alternative food sources, changing the distribution pattern of interaction strengths. Predation release could also trigger a trophic cascade, propagating the effect of noise to lower trophic levels.
Published: 2020

43. A functional structural model of grass development based on metabolic regulations and coordination rules

Author: Christophe Pradal, Romain Barillot, Camille Chambon, Anne Schneider, Bruno Andrieu, Christian Fournier, Marion Gauthier, Corinne Robert, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ITK [Clapiers], Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université d'Angers (UA), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), CIFRE convention between ITK and ANRT, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen, Interactions biologiques, Shoot morphogenesis, 2. Zero hunger, Component (thermodynamics), U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Shoot, leaf growth, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological system, Modèle mathématique, plant architecture, Scale (ratio), grass, Triticum aestivum, morphogenesis, Biology, Poaceae, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, Métabolisme, Time schedule, Morphogénèse, Computer Simulation, Croissance, blé d'hiver, Plant morphogenesis, Modèle de simulation, 15. Life on land, Carbon, Models, Structural, Plant Leaves, Metabolic regulation, plasticity, functional–structural plant modelling, metabolism, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Shoot architecture is a key component of the interactions between plants and their environment. We present a novel model of grass, which fully integrates shoot morphogenesis and the metabolism of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) at organ scale, within a three-dimensional representation of plant architecture. Plant morphogenesis is seen as a self-regulated system driven by two main mechanisms. First, the rate of organ extension and the establishment of architectural traits are regulated by concentrations of C and N metabolites in the growth zones and the temperature. Second, the timing of extension is regulated by rules coordinating successive phytomers instead of a thermal time schedule. Local concentrations are calculated from a model of C and N metabolism at organ scale. The three-dimensional representation allows the accurate calculation of light and temperature distribution within the architecture. The model was calibrated for wheat (Triticum aestivum) and evaluated for early vegetative stages. This approach allowed the simulation of realistic patterns of leaf dimensions, extension dynamics, and organ mass and composition. The model simulated, as emergent properties, plant and agronomic traits. Metabolic activities of growing leaves were investigated in relation to whole-plant functioning and environmental conditions. The current model is an important step towards a better understanding of the plasticity of plant phenotype in different environments.
Published: 2020

44. Canonical correlations reveal adaptive loci and phenotypic responses to climate in perennial ryegrass

Author: Philippe Barre, Abraham J. Escobar-Gutiérrez, Elisabeth Veeckman, Klaas Vandepoele, Evelyn Willner, Matthew J. Hegarty, Thomas Keep, Tom Ruttink, Isabel Roldán-Ruiz, Klaus J. Dehmer, Hilde Muylle, Jean-Paul Sampoux, Thomas Ledauphin, José Luis Blanco-Pastor, Stéphanie Manel, Anna M. Roschanski, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research [Gatersleben] (IPK-Gatersleben), Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Center for Plant Systems Biology (PSB Center), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie [Ghent, Belgique] (VIB), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Germplasm, SELECTION, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, quantitative genetics, Ecological selection, LEAF-AREA, Climate, adaptation, 01 natural sciences, R PACKAGE, agriculture, 2. Zero hunger, QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI, Ecology, Ecological genetics, Adaptation, Physiological, L, Phenotype, climate change, Biotechnology, FLOWERING TIME, Genotype, Evolution, ecological genetics, Gene prediction, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavior and Systematics, Genetics, Lolium, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, LOLIUM-PERENNE, Biology and Life Sciences, landscape genetics, Phenotypic trait, Quantitative genetics, 15. Life on land, Plant Breeding, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Evolutionary biology, Genetic Loci, Multivariate Analysis, Adaptation, COLLECTION
Abstract: International audience; Germplasm from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) natural populations is useful for breeding because of its adaptation to a wide range of climates. Climate-adaptive genes can be detected from associations between genotype, phenotype and climate but an integrated framework for the analysis of these three sources of information is lacking. We used two approaches to identify adaptive loci in perennial ryegrass and their effect on phenotypic traits. First, we combined Genome-Environment Association (GEA) and GWAS analyses. Then, we implemented a new test based on a Canonical Correlation Analysis (CANCOR) to detect adaptive loci. Furthermore, we improved the previous perennial ryegrass gene set by de novo gene prediction and functional annotation of 39,967 genes. GEA-GWAS revealed eight outlier loci associated with both environmental variables and phenotypic traits. CANCOR retrieved 633 outlier loci associated with two climatic gradients, characterized by cold-dry winter versus mild-wet winter and long rainy season versus long summer, and pointed out traits putatively conferring adaptation at the extremes of these gradients. Our CANCOR test also revealed the presence of both polygenic and oligogenic climatic adaptations. Our gene annotation revealed that 374 of the CANCOR outlier loci were positioned within or close to a gene. Co-association networks of outlier loci revealed a potential utility of CANCOR for investigating the interaction of genes involved in polygenic adaptations. The CANCOR test provides an integrated framework to analyse adaptive genomic diversity and phenotypic responses to environmental selection pressures that could be used to facilitate the adaptation of plant species to climate change.
Published: 2020

45. Towards a global-scale soil climate mitigation strategy

Author: Keith Paustian, W. de Vries, C Collins, Roland Bol, Ronald Amundson, Wulf Amelung, Michelle M. Wander, Cornelia Rumpel, Jonathan Sanderman, Genxing Pan, Jens Leifeld, J.W. van Groenigen, Rattan Lal, Ingrid Kögel-Knabner, Budiman Minasny, Abad Chabbi, Johannes Lehmann, Siân Mooney, Deborah A. Bossio, B. van Wesemael, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, The Nature Conservancy, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Cornell University [New York], University of California [Berkeley], University of California, University of Reading (UOR), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Agroscope, The University of Sydney, Nanjing University (NJU), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Woodwell Climate Research Center, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Life on Land, Science, Yield (finance), General Physics and Astronomy, Carbon sequestration, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 12. Responsible consumption, Environmental protection, 11. Sustainability, Information system, Life Science, Duurzaam Bodemgebruik, lcsh:Science, Bodembiologie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Sustainable Soil Use, Multidisciplinary, WIMEK, Ecology, Crop yield, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Chemistry, Soil carbon, Soil Biology, 15. Life on land, Biogeochemistry, PE&RC, Environmental sciences, Climate change mitigation, Incentive, 13. Climate action, Soil water, Perspective, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, ddc:500, Climate sciences
Abstract: Sustainable soil carbon sequestration practices need to be rapidly scaled up and implemented to contribute to climate change mitigation. We highlight that the major potential for carbon sequestration is in cropland soils, especially those with large yield gaps and/or large historic soil organic carbon losses. The implementation of soil carbon sequestration measures requires a diverse set of options, each adapted to local soil conditions and management opportunities, and accounting for site-specific trade-offs. We propose the establishment of a soil information system containing localised information on soil group, degradation status, crop yield gap, and the associated carbon-sequestration potentials, as well as the provision of incentives and policies to translate management options into region- and soil-specific practices., Reducing soil degradation and improving soil management could make an important contribute to climate change mitigation. Here the authors discuss opportunities and challenges towards implementing a global climate mitigation strategy focused on carbon sequestration in agricultural soils, and propose a framework for guiding region- and soil-specific management options.
Published: 2020

46. Cryo-exposure of Neonotonia wightii Wigth and Am seeds enhances field performance of plants

Author: Doris Escalante, Yanier Acosta, Inaudis Cejas, Abraham Escobar, Elliosha Hajari, José Carlos Lorenzo, Marcos Edel Martínez-Montero, Félix Santiago, Dayamí Fontes, Sershen, Carlos Mazorra, Universidad de Ciego de Avila (UNICA), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), and Agricultural Research Council (ARC)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Animal feed, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Plant establishment, 03 medical and health sciences, Cover crop, Legume, Cryopreservation, 2. Zero hunger, fungi, Seed dormancy, food and beverages, Plant physiology, Sowing, 15. Life on land, Legumes, Horticulture, 030104 developmental biology, Point of delivery, Inflorescence, Dormancy, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Key message Exposure of N. wightii seeds to liquid nitrogen allows for dormancy breaking and promotes plant establishment without adverse effects on yield. One of the most widespread legume species in the world is N. wightii, which is used as a cover crop for animal feed and has positive environmental impacts. However, plant establishment is difficult due to the dormancy of seeds. There are several methods available to break dormancy, with exposure to low temperature being the strategy most frequently used. This current study investigated exposure of seeds of N. wightii to liquid nitrogen (LN) and subsequent field evaluation of growth and development of plants until harvest. Exposure of seeds to LN improved plant growth and reproductive development. At 7 days of planting, cryo-exposed seeds showed a 12.5-fold increase in plant emergence compared with controls, but this difference progressively declined reaching only a 2.7-fold difference at 42 days. Plant height and the number of leaves per plant were consistently higher in plants formed from cryo-exposed seeds. They reached 1.5-fold increase of plant height and 1.3-fold increase of leaf number at 42 days. The effect of LN on leaf coverage was substantially higher when evaluated from 60 to 150 days, but declined by 180 days. The highest number of inflorescences was recorded at 104 days of planting with plants derived from cryo-exposed seeds displaying a 1.9-fold increase over the control plants. This also resulted in cryo-exposed plants producing significantly more fruit and pods than control plants (1.8 and 1.7-fold more, respectively). Contrastingly, the pod length, the number of seeds per pod and the weight of 1000 seeds did not show statistically significant differences. The results from this study showed that exposure of N. wightii seeds to LN allows for dormancy breaking and promotes plant establishment without adverse effects on yield.
Published: 2020

47. The relative importance of green infrastructure as refuge habitat for pollinators increases with local land-use intensity

Author: Nicolas Gross, Ivo Raemakers, Carlos Zaragoza-Trello, Pengyao Li, Jeroen Scheper, David Kleijn, Isabelle Badenhausser, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), China Agricultural University (CAU), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), and VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Pollination, Biodiversity, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, wild bees, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Pollinator, land-use intensity, 2. Zero hunger, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Land use, Agroforestry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, agri-environmental measures, hoverflies, flower resources, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, field boundaries, Geography, green infrastructure, Habitat, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Species richness, grassland, Green infrastructure
Abstract: International audience; Agricultural expansion and intensification have resulted in strong declines in farmland biodiversity across Europe. In many intensively farmed landscapes, linear landscape elements such as field boundaries, road verges and ditch banks are the main remaining green infrastructures providing refuge for biodiversity, and as such play a pivotal role in agri‐environmental policies aiming at mitigating biodiversity loss. Yet, while we have a fairly good understanding of how agricultural intensification influences biodiversity on farmland, little is known about whether and how local land‐use intensity affects biodiversity in nearby linear landscape elements and how this affects their role as biodiversity refuge. Focussing on pollinating insects, we examined the effects of local land‐use intensity on biodiversity in agricultural fields and adjacent green infrastructures. In an intensively farmed area in south‐western France, we selected 23 agricultural grasslands and nearby field boundaries along a gradient in grassland cutting frequency which acted as a proxy for land‐use intensity. We analysed how grassland cutting frequency affects species richness, abundance and community composition of wild bees and hoverflies in the grasslands and neighbouring field boundaries, and whether these effects differ across habitat types and species groups. Grassland cutting frequency negatively affected pollinator species richness and abundance in the grasslands, whereas pollinators in the neighbouring field boundaries were unaffected. These responses reflected the effects of cutting frequency on floral resources, with flower cover and richness decreasing in grasslands but not in field boundaries. As a result, the proportion of the local pollinator community supported by field boundaries increased with the increasing cutting frequency of the adjacent grassland. Common and rare pollinator species generally showed similar responses. Furthermore, communities of plants and pollinators in field boundaries next to intensively farmed grasslands were fairly similar to those next to extensively farmed ones. Synthesis and applications . Our results suggest that, as nearby land use intensifies, flower‐rich field boundaries become increasingly important as pollinator refuge habitats. Conserving field boundaries and other green infrastructures, and maintaining or enhancing their quality, therefore constitute important tools to conserve and promote pollinators in intensively farmed landscapes.
Published: 2020

48. Role of ley pastures in tomorrow’s cropping systems. A review

Author: Jean-Louis Durand, Pierre Cellier, Sandra Novak, François Gastal, Gaëtan Louarn, Virginie Parnaudeau, Michel Duru, Anne-Sophie Voisin, Guillaume Martin, Foteini Paschalidou, Delphine Moreau, Bernadette Julier, Safia Médiène, Isabelle Litrico, Françoise Vertès, Muriel Valentin-Morison, Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fourrages Environnement Ruminants Lusignan (FERLUS), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), INRAE Environment and Agronomy division, Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, Sown grasslands, Cropping systems, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecosystemservices, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Green manure, Living mulch, Scenarios, 2. Zero hunger, Sustainable development, Ley pastures, business.industry, Agroforestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Business, Soil conservation, Agronomy and Crop Science, Cropping, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Diversification of cropping systems has been proposed as a major mechanism to move towards sustainable cropping systems. To date, a diversification option that has received little attention is introduction of ley pastures into cropping systems, but the use of ley pastures is challenged by most future-oriented scenarios aiming to feed the world sustainably. In these scenarios, ruminant livestock feed only on permanent pastures, while cropping systems focus completely on production of crop-based human food. Diversification of cropping systems with ley pastures is thus compromised by knowledge gaps and future-oriented policy options. Here, we review ecosystem services provided by introducing ley pastures into cropping systems to increase sustainability of agriculture, discuss types of ley pastures and their management liable to promote these services, and raise future challenges related to introducing ley pastures into cropping systems. We conclude that (1) ley pastures provide a large set of input (soil conservation, nutrient provision and recycling, soil water retention, biological control of pests) and output (water purification, climate regulation, habitat provision for biodiversity conservation, forage production) ecosystem services of primary importance to cropping systems and society, respectively, as long as their spatial and temporal insertion within cropping systems is well-managed; otherwise, disservices may be produced. (2) To benefit from ecosystem services provided by ley pastures in cropping systems while limiting their disservices, it appears necessary to define a safe operating space for ley pastures in cropping systems. Moving towards this space requires changing plant breeding programs towards multiservice ley pastures, producing knowledge about emerging ways of introducing ley pastures into cropping systems (e.g., living mulch, green manure) and better quantifying the bundles of ecosystem services provided by ley pastures in cropping systems.
Published: 2020

49. Root growth and development do not directly relate to shoot morphogenetic strategies in temperate forage legumes

Author: Gaëtan Louarn, Lucas Faverjon, Abraham J. Escobar-Gutiérrez, Vincent Migault, Loïc Pagès, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Cap Alpha, and ANR-13-BIOADAPT-0015
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Root growth, Soil Science, Forage, Taproot, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Shoot:Root ratio, Architecture, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Temperate climate, Trophic level, Allometry, geography, Biomass (ecology), geography.geographical_feature_category, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Legumes, Agronomy, Shoot, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Root branching, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Aims Little is yet known about the component traits that control the deployment of root architecture in most grassland species. The aim of this study was to compare patterns of root growth in contrasting forage legumes and to analyse their dependency to shoot development. Methods The parameters of a dynamic simulation model were identified for seven contrasting species in a series of greenhouse experiments in order to characterize root elongation, root branching and taproot growth. The model allowed us to explore the interactions between root development and whole plant growth. Results Most of the root morphogenetic parameters studied displayed significant inter-specific variability. Several traits appeared to be correlated, indicating a close association between extreme root tip diameters, the branching ability of roots and their maximal elongation rate. The species differed along two PCA axes which accounted respectively for the branching ability of fine roots and taproot development. Quite remarkably, the group of species identified for root development did not coincide with those previously identified for shoots, suggesting a degree of independence between the morphogenetic traits that control shoot and root architecture. However, both plant parts remained tightly linked through the trophic relationship represented by root biomass allocation. Conclusions Our results suggest that the concomitant analysis of root and shoot development is necessary to properly decipher rooting strategies in forage legumes.
Published: 2018

50. A generic individual-based model can predict yield, nitrogen content, and species abundance in experimental grassland communities

Author: Gaëtan Louarn, Abraham J. Escobar-Gutiérrez, Bernadette Julier, Isabelle Litrico, Lucas Faverjon, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Article issu d'une thèse en cofinancement Inra-Région Poitou-Charentes, Expoleg-AV project, PRAISE project, and ANR-13- BIOADAPT-0015
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, architecture, Nitrogen, Physiology, media_common.quotation_subject, Population Dynamics, Population, Plant Development, Forage, Plant Science, species abundance, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Competition (biology), 03 medical and health sciences, education, Nitrogen cycle, Relative species abundance, Mathematics, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, geography, education.field_of_study, Biomass (ecology), geography.geographical_feature_category, grasslands, food and beverages, Fabaceae, legume, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Fixation (population genetics), 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, nitrogen fixation, competition, individual-based model, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Functional–structural plant models are increasingly being used to analyse relationships between plant functioning and the topological and spatial organisation of their modular structure. In this study, the performance of an individualbased model accounting for the the architecture and population dynamics of forage legumes in multi-species grasslands was assessed. Morphogenetic shoot and root parameters were calibrated for seven widely used species. Other model parameters concerning C and N metabolism were obtained from the literature. The model was evaluated using a series of independent experiments combining the seven species in binary mixtures that were subject to regular defoliation. For all the species, the model could accurately simulate phytomer demography, leaf area dynamics, and root growth under conditions of weak competition. In addition, the plastic changes induced by competition for light and N in terms of plant development, leaf area, N uptake, and total plant biomass were correctly predicted. The different species displayed contrasting sensitivities to defoliation, and the model was able to predict the superior ability of creeping species to sustain regular defoliation. As a result of competition and management, the balance between species changed over time and was strongly dependent on the pair of species used. The model proved able to capture these differences in community dynamics. Overall, the results demonstrate that integrating the individual components of population dynamics in a process-based model can provide good predictive capacity regarding mixtures of cultivated species.
Published: 2018

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