Search

2D video igre odnose se na igre u kojima se radnje događaju u 2D ravnini i obično se kreću vodoravno ili vertikalno. U njima se likovi i okruženja obično prikazuju u 2D-u. Njihove karakteristike na odnosu od 3D video igara su što koriste ravnu grafiku, nazvanu sprite, i nemaju trodimenzionalnu geometriju. Na zaslonu su prikazane kao ravne slike, a kamera koja prati igrača nema perspektivu. Najpoznatija vrsta 2D video igra su "platformer" igre koje karakterizira velika upotreba skakanja i penjanja za navigaciju u igračevom okruženju. Razine i okruženja uglavnom se sastoje od neravnih terena i raznih platforma postavljenih na različite visine što zahtjeva korištenje različitih sposobnosti samog lika igrača za prelazak. Program korišten za izradu nivoa 2D video igre u radu je Unity. Unity je razvijen kako bi razvijanje 2D i 3D video igra bilo dostupno novim i neiskusnim programerima. Njegovo sučelje prilagođeno je kako bih se korisnici mogli jednostavno služiti svim njegovim alatima i funkcijama kod izrade projekata. U radu je opisana njegova povijest i razvoj, korisničko sučelje s fokusom na razvijanje 2D video igara, osnovna potrebna znanja o skriptiranju i glavne razlike odnosno opcije kod Unity 2D-a. Za praktičan dio opisan je proces izrade kompletnog nivoa 2D računalne igre, od izrade spriteova do izrade funkcionalnosti glavnog lika i neprijatelja. 2D video games refer to games in which actions take place in the 2D plane and usually move horizontally or vertically. In them, characters and environments are usually displayed in 2D. Their features compared to 3D video games are that they use flat graphics, called sprites, and do not have three-dimensional geometry. They are displayed on the screen as flat images, and the camera that follows the player has no perspective. The most famous type of 2D video games are platformers which are characterized by a large use of jumping and climbing to navigate the player's environment. Levels and environments mainly consist of uneven terrain and various platforms set at different heights which requires the use of different abilities of the player's own character to cross. The program used to create one level of a 2D video game in this final work is Unity. Unity was developed to make the development of 2D and 3D video games available to new and inexperienced developers. Its interface has been customized so that users can easily use all its tools and functions when creating projects. The paper describes its history and development, the user interface with a focus on the development of 2D video games, the basic knowledge of scripting and the main differences and options in Unity 2D. For the practical part, the process of creating a complete level of 2D computer game is described, from making sprites to creating the functionality of the main character and the enemy.

U ovom radu objašnjeno je što su to korisnička sučelja i koja je njihova uloga od samog početka tehnologije pa sve do današnjeg razvoja. Osnovna funkcija korisničkog sučelja je olakšavanje komunikacije između čovjeka i računala, a cilj im je da budu što jednostavnija i funkcionalnija. Rad počinje objašnjavajući što su to korisnička sučelja te njihov razvoj, povijest i upotrebu da bi shvatili razlike između 2D i 3D korisničkih sučelja na različitim uređajima koji se svakodnevno koriste. To će objasniti koliko se 2D i 3D korisnička sučelja zapravo razlikuju po funkcionalnosti, primjeni i inovaciji. Ukratko će biti opisano korisničko sučelje programa Adobe XD koji se koristi za izrade primjeraka 2D korisničkih sučelja. U nastavku rada će biti opisan proces izrade primjera modernog 2D korisničkog sučelja za web stranicu koristeći Adobe XD. This final paper explains what user interfaces are and what their role is from the very beginning of technology to the present day development. The basic function of the user interface is to facilitate communication between humans and computers, and their goal is to be as simple and functional as possible. The paper begins by explaining what user interfaces are, how they are developed, their history, and usage to understand the differences between 2D and 3D user interfaces on different devices that are used daily. This will explain how much 2D and 3D user interfaces actually differ in functionality, deployment and innovation. It will briefly describe the user interface of Adobe XD which is used to create instances of 2D user interfaces. The following sections will describe the process of creating an example of a modern 2D user interface for a website using Adobe XD.

3D modeliranje je proces stvaranja i izrade objekta ili modela unutar 3D prostora. Modeli u 3D prostoru obično su izrađeni od poligonalnih objekta koji se sastoje od vrhova, linija i lica. Za izradu virtualnih likova koriste se različiti programi ovisno za što će se model koristiti. Vodeći program u toj industriji je Autodesk Maya radi svog širokog seta značajki i raznih mogućnosti modeliranja, teksturiranja, osvjetljenja i renderiranja. U ovom radu biti će objašnjeno korisničko sučelje programa Maya, metode modeliranja, poligonalno i NURBS modeliranje, kao i izbornici s alatima za njihovu izradu i manipuliranje za dobivanje željenih površina. Nastavno na metode modeliranja objašnjena je pravilna izrada topologije i ostale tehnike modeliranja, izrada materijala, kreiranje UV točaka, kao i izrada teksturnih mapa. Objašnjen je program Substance Painter radi izrađenih tekstura u njemu. Radi potrebe praktičnog dijela rada obuhvaćen je teorijski dio koji se koristi prilikom renderiranja i izrade svjetla. U dijelu praktičnog rada prikazan je tijek pripreme za kreiranje modela, tijek izrade modela kroz obje metode modeliranja, tijek izrade tekstura unutar različitih programa, kao i završno poziranje modela radi daljnjeg korištenja. Za potrebe prikaza izrađenog modela renderirane su slike modela u namještenoj pozi. 3D modeling is the process of creating an object or model within a 3D space. Models in 3D space are usually made of polygonal objects consisting of vertices, lines, and faces. Different programs are used to create virtual characters depending on the purpose of the model. The industry's leading program is Autodesk Maya known for its wide range of features and a variety of modeling, texturing, lighting and rendering abilitys. This academic paper explaines the user interface of the Maya program, modeling methods, polygonal and NURBS modeling, as well as tool menus for their creation and manipulation for obtaining needed surfaces. Furtermore, in addition to the modeling methods, the correct design of the topology and other modeling techniques, the production of materials, the creation of UV points, as well as the production of texture maps are explained. The Substance Painter program is explained because of the textures created in it. For the purpose of the practical part of the paper, the theoretical part used in rendering and making light is included. In the practical part of the paper, the proces of preparation for creating a model, the proces of creating a model through both modeling methods, the proces of creating textures within different programs, as well as the final posing of the model for further use are explained. For the purpose of displaying the created model, the images of the model in the set position were rendered.

Ovaj završni rad obuhvaća kompletan pregled izrade 3D modela kao multimedijske discipline, ali i kao umjetničkog medija. Rad predstavlja prikaz generalnog postupka izrade 3D modela studentskog doma, te korištenje brojnih tehnika, alata i izrada modela u navedenom postupku. Rad inicijalno predstavlja izgled objekta uz generalni pristup, definirajući namjenu prostorija, predmeta i elemenata unutra i izvan doma. U radu se definira značenje pojma 3D modeliranja kao procesa kreiranja matematičke reprezentacije 3D objekta, kao temeljni uvjet za izradu i prikaz 3D modela u virtualnom svijetu, te 3D renderiranje kao proces dobivanja 2D slike, 3D modela iz neke perspektive ili 3D modela kao resurs u grafičkoj simulaciji. Dio rada bavi se poviješću i razvojem 3D modeliranja, primjene 3D modeliranja u raznim industrijama i profesijama, ali i program koji se koristi za izradu i prikaz modela. Od prvih likova izrađenih u 3d virtualnom okruženju pa sve do filmova primarno napravljenih u 3D okruženju. Rad obuhvaća i detaljno obrađuje pojedine tehnike modeliranja, naglašavajući njihove temeljne karakteristike i posebnosti, te ističe veće i manje zastupljenosti pojedinih tehnika. Definiraju se konkretni projekti, uvjeti prijave te načini prijave i provođenje natječaja kako bi se odobrila sredstva za sufinanciranje izgradnje studentskog doma na kampusu sveučilišta. Druga polovica ovog rada obuhvaća praktični dio, izrađen isključivo u svrhe ovog završnog rada. Bavi se izradom modela studentskog doma koji je izrađen i prikazan koristeći 3D tehnike modeliranja i renderiranja. Detaljno se razrađuje postupak izrade, pružajući uvid u pojedinačne faze rada. Počevši od pripremne faze koja se sastoji od mjerenja parcele i određivanja tlocrta zgrade prema parceli. Prikazuje se proces planiranja i izrade skica zgrade, katova i prostorija unutar zgrade. Nadalje, rad obuhvaća detaljnu obradu ključnih segmenata 3D faze rada, od izrade modela pa sve do prikaza renderirane 3D slike prostorije u kojoj se pojedini objekti nalaze. This final paper includes a complete overview of making a 3D model as a multimedia discipline, as well as an art medium. The paper presents a general view of the procedure for making a 3D model of a student dormitory, and the use of numerous techniques, tools and model making in this process. The work initially presents the appearance of the building with a general approach, defining the purpose of the rooms, objects and elements inside and outside the building. The paper defines the meaning of 3D modeling as a process of creating a mathematical representation of a 3D object, as a basic condition for creating and displaying 3D models in the virtual world, and 3D rendering as a process of obtaining 2D images, 3D models from a perspective or 3D models as a resource in graphic simulations. A significant part of the paper deals with the history and development of 3D modeling, the application od 3D modeling in various industries and professions, but also the softwears used to create and display models. From the first characters created in a 3D virtual environment to movies manily made in a 3D environment. The paper covers and elaborates on individual modeling techniques, emphasizing their basic characteristics and peculiarities, and emphasizes the greater and lesser representations of individual techniques. Specific projects, application conditions and methods of application and implementation of tenders are defined in order to approve funds for co-financing the construction of a student dormitory on the university campus. The second half of this paper includes a practical part, made exclusively for the purpose of this final paper. It deals with the creation of a student dormitory model that is made and presented using 3D modeling and rendering techniques. The production process is elaborate din detail, providing insight into induvidual phases of work. Starting from the preparatory phase which consists of measuring the lot and determening the floor plan of the building according to the plot. The process of planning and making sketches of the building , floors and rooms inside the building is shown. Furthermore, the paper includes a detailed treatment of key segments of the 3D phase of the work, from the creation of the model to the presentation of a renderd 3D image of the room in witch the individual objects are located.

Ovaj završni rad obuhvaća kompletan pregled animacije kao multimedijske discipline, ali i kao umjetničkog medija. Fokalnu točku rada predstavlja prikaz generalnog postupka izrade animiranog uratka, te brojnih metoda, tehnika i alata korištenih u navedenom postupku. Seminar inicijalno predstavlja animaciju uz generalan pristup, definirajući elementarna obilježja i svojstva vezana za ovaj medij. Definira se samo značenje pojma animacije, kao i temeljni preduvjet ključan za opće ostvarivanje iluzije pokreta, te se istu sagleda u odnosu na bliske i srodne medije. Značajan dio seminara se bavi poviješću i razvojem animacije kao medija, ali i kao moćne industrije u maloj količini vremena. Od prvih pronalazaka pokušaja bilježenja slike u pokretu, preko prvih izuma koji su težili upravo tome, do zlatnog doba animacije i njenih prvijenaca i najistaknutijih uradaka, te utjecaj koji su isti imali na razvoj industrije animiranog filma, ali i opće filmske industrije. Značaj animacije se stavlja u kontekst sa današnjim vremenom, te je njen doprinos istaknut uvidom najuspješnije animirane filmove. Seminar obuhvaća i detaljno obrađuje pojedine tehnike animacije, istučući njihove temeljne karakteristike i posebnosti, te ističe razloge veće i manje zastupljenosti pojedinih tehnika. Animacijske tehnike se stavljaju u kontekst sa vremenom i dostupnom tehnologijom. Posebno se ističu računalne tehnike animacije, te njihova podjela i povezanost sa tradicionalnim tehnikama. Predstavljaju se ključna načela, principi i tehnike rada pojedine tehnike animacije, kao i njihove prednosti i mane kako u umjetničkom smislu tako i u tehničkom smislu. Druga polovica ovog rada podrazumijeva praktični dio, izrađen izričito u svrhe ovog završnog rada. Bavi se izradom kratkog animiranog uratka koji je obilježen tehnikama 2D i 3D animacije. Detaljno se razrađuje generalni postupak izrade, pružajući uvid u pojedinačne faze rada. Počevši od pripremne faze koja čini sastavni dio procesa svake vrste video uratka. Objašnjava se potreba za kvalitetnom izradom pripremne faze, te se predstavljaju elementi pripremne faze animiranog uratka o kojem je riječ. Nadalje, seminar obuhvaća detaljnu obradu ključnih segmenata 2D i 3D faze rada, te post produkcije. Obrađuju se korišteni softveri i njihove značajke, kao i korištene metode i alati unutar istih. Predstavljen je rad na pojedinim cjelinama, scenama, modelima i principi korišteni za izradu istih. Obuhvaćen je cjelokupni postupak crtanja, animiranja, modeliranja, teksturiranja, do načina same izrade finalnog video uratka. This final paper covers a complete overview of animation as a multimedia discipline as well as an artistic medium. The focal point of the paper is an overview of the general animation process and the numerous methods, techniques and tools used. The seminar initially presents animation with a general approach, defining the elemental characteristics and properties associated with this medium. The actual meaning of the term is defined, as well as the basic prerequisite crucial for the general realization of the illusion of motion, and it is viewed in relation to similar and related mediums. A significant part of the seminar deals with the history and development of animation as a medium, but also as a powerful industry in a small amount of time. From the first attempts of capturing the illusion of movement, through the first inventions that were sought to do so, to the golden age of animation and it’s first and most notable works, and the impact they had on the development of the animated film industry and the general film industry. The importance of animation is put in context with the present day, and its contribution is highlighted by the overview of the most successful animated films. The seminar covers and elaborates on individual animation techniques, highlighting their basic characteristics and peculiarities, and highlights the reasons for greater and lesser representation of certain techniques. Animation techniques are put in context with the time and technology available. Particularly prominent are computer animation techniques, and their division and association with traditional techniques. The key principles and techniques of each animation technique are presented, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, both artistically and technically. The second half of this paper implies a practical part, made explicitly for the purposes of this final paper. It is focused on the production of a short animated feature, characterized by 2D and 3D animation techniques. The general design process is elaborated, providing insight into the individual stages of work. Starting with the preparatory phase, which is an integral part of the process of making any type of video. The need for a quality preparatory phase is explained, and elements of the preparatory phase of the animated piece in question are presented. Furthermore, the seminar covers in-depth overview of key segments of the 2D and 3D phases, as well as post production. The software used and their features are analyzed, as well as the methods and tools used within them. Work on individual units, scenes, models and principles used to create them is presented. The whole process of drawing, animating, modeling, texturing, all the way to the making of the actual final video is covered.

Kako se današnji svijet bazira na medijima, odnosno, oni grade mišljenja ljudi, tako također postoje mediji koji se ističu sa svojom interakcijom i po tome kako privlače pažnju na sebe. Jedan od njih je 3D animacija. Rad počinje objašnjavajući što je to uopće 3D animacije te kakva je razlika između 2D i 3D slike. To pomaže čitatelju da shvati koja je temeljna razlika te da vidi koliko se zapravo 3D animacija razlikuje po zahtjevnosti izrade i izgledu od 2D animacije. Slijedi objašnjavanje svakog koraka izrade 3D animacije. Prvi je skiciranje u kojem se objašnjava svaki od 10 koncepta smišljenih u svrhu ovog rada. U nastavku će se objasniti sučelje svakog programa koji se koristio za izradu 3D animacije. Ti programi su Autodesk Maya, Adobe Premiere Pro i After Effects od kojih se većinom, u ovom radu, Autodesk Maya koristi za modeliranje i animiranje, After Effects za animiranje te Adobe Premiere Pro za spajanje renderiranih slika. Veća pažnja će biti usmjerena na samo postavljanje scene, izradu 3D modela te samo animiranje. As the world nowadays is based on the media, moreover, they form the opinions of the people, there is also the media that stands out with its interaction and how it attracts attention to itself. One of them is 3D animation. This paper begins by explaining what is 3D animation and what is the difference between 2D and 3D image. That helps the reader to understand fundamental difference and see how actually 3D animation differs. It differs by its making complexity and layout compared to 2D animation. Coming up in the final work is the explanation of each step of making 3D animation. The first one is sketching in which each step of the 10 concepts made for this work is explained. The following is an explanation of the interface of each program that was used for making this 3D animation. These programs are Autodesk Maya, Adobe Premiere Pro and After Effects. In this work, I used Autodesk Maya for modeling and animation, After Effects for animation and Adobe Premiere Pro for merging rendered images. The attention will be more on setting the scene, creating 3D models and animation.

Računalna grafika doživjela je izuzetno veliki napredak u zadnjem desetljeću, a jedan od najznačajnijih preokreta bila je kreacija realističnijih scena i modela. 3D modeliranje izuzetno je važno za stvaranje realističnih scena, ali nije upotpunjeno bez teksture. Teksture se lagano dodaju na neki model manje kvalitete, ali izrazito detaljni modeli zahtjevaju drugačiju varijaciju teksturiranja, a taj postupak se zove: mapiranje tekstura. Razvijeni su različiti postupci: od generiranja efekata za sjenčanje pomoću osvjetljenja, sjena, refleksija, zamućenja, pa sve do simulacije prirodnih pojava kao što su nebo, sunce, oblaci, trava, stjene, valovi, vatra i dr. Danas se takvi realistični 3D modeli mogu izuzetno lako napraviti pomoću velikog broja programa, a najpoznatiji od njih su: Autodesk Maya, Blender, 3DS Max, Cinema 4D, ZBrush. Za potrebe ovog završnog rada svi modeli kreirani su pomoću programa: Autodesk Maya, Adobe Photoshop i Autodesk Stingray. Computer graphics has seen immense improvement over the last ten years. One of the most significant improvements was the creation of highly realistic models and scenes. The 3D modelling of scenes is incomplete without it's most important part, and that is textures. While textures may be applied onto models with little effort, highly detailed and realistic models require a specific type of texture in order to achieve the desired level of realism. Highly detailed models require texture mapping. There are already numerous different and creative ways of generating a texture map; from generating shadows through lighting effects, reflections, blurs and even simulating natural phenomena like liquid, fires, grass and the like through simple textures. The creation of 3D models with such textures and texture maps is fairly easy nowadays. There are many popular softwares which create them: Autodesk Maya, Blender, 3DS Max, Cinema 4D, ZBrush. All models used in this thesis were created with the help of the following programs: Autodesk Maya, Adobe Photoshop and Autodesk Stingray.

Tema ovog završnog rada temelji se na izradi 2D video igre za iOS mobilni uređaj te njezinoj demonstraciji na istom. Kroz rad su opisane sve bitne funkcije GameSalad Creator-a koje su potrebne kod izrade igre bazirane na 2 dimenzije. Također se prolazi kroz iOS operativni sustav, što je on i kako se razvijao. Spominje se i tema koja govori općenito o igrama na mobilnim uređajima. U završnom dijelu rada prikazan je postupak izrade, koje funkcije programa se točno koriste i kako se igra može testirati na iOS uređaju. The theme of this paper is based on development of 2D video game for iOS mobile devices and its demonstration on device. All GameSalad Creator’s important functions are described through the work which are needed when creating games based on 2 dimensions. Also, we are going through iOS operating system, what it is and how it’s developed over time. Topic that speaks generally about games on mobile devices is mentioned. Procedure of development is shown in the final part of the paper, what functions is program using and how the game can be tested on iOS device.