1. Ancient herpes simplex 1 genomes reveal recent viral structure in Eurasia
- Author
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Scheib, Christiana, Houldcroft, Charlotte, Robb, John, Cessford, Craig, Dittmar, Jenna, Inskip, Sarah, Rose, Alice, Hui, Rouyun, Scheib, Christiana [0000-0003-4158-8296], Houldcroft, Charlotte [0000-0002-1833-5285], Cessford, Craig [0000-0001-7291-7828], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Guellil, Meriam [0000-0002-7235-4604], van Dorp, Lucy [0000-0002-6211-2310], Inskip, Sarah A [0000-0001-7424-2094], Dittmar, Jenna M [0000-0003-3514-1869], Saag, Lehti [0000-0002-2274-8138], Tambets, Kristiina [0000-0002-8173-6380], Hui, Ruoyun [0000-0002-5689-7131], Rose, Alice [0000-0003-1755-7174], D'Atanasio, Eugenia [0000-0002-4965-246X], Kriiska, Aivar [0000-0002-0900-7626], Varul, Liivi [0000-0002-8498-3352], Koekkelkoren, A M H C [0000-0003-0721-1727], Goldina, Rimma D [0000-0002-8689-0512], Metspalu, Mait [0000-0003-3099-9161], Krause, Johannes [0000-0001-9144-3920], Herbig, Alexander [0000-0003-1176-1166], Houldcroft, Charlotte J [0000-0002-1833-5285], and Scheib, Christiana L [0000-0003-4158-8296]
- Subjects
2 Aetiology ,Infectious Diseases ,4301 Archaeology ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,FOS: Health sciences ,Infection ,4303 Historical Studies ,4401 Anthropology ,3105 Genetics ,43 History, Heritage and Archaeology ,31 Biological Sciences ,44 Human Society - Abstract
Funder: Wellcome Trust, Human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a lifelong infection spread by oral contact, infects a majority of adults globally. Phylogeographic clustering of sampled diversity into European, pan-Eurasian, and African groups has suggested the virus codiverged with human migrations out of Africa, although a much younger origin has also been proposed. We present three full ancient European HSV-1 genomes and one partial genome, dating to the 3rd-17th century CE, sequenced to up to 9.5× with paired human genomes up to 10.16×. Considering a dataset of modern and ancient genomes we apply phylogenetic methods to estimate the age of sampled modern Eurasian HSV-1 diversity to 4.68 (3.87 - 5.65) kya. Extrapolation of estimated rates to a global dataset points to the age of extant sampled HSV-1 as 5.29 (4.60-6.12) kya, suggesting HSV-1 lineage replacement coinciding with the late Neolithic period and following Bronze Age migrations.
- Published
- 2022
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