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We study the existence and asymptotic behavior of least energy sign-changing solutions to a gauged nonlinear Schrödinger equation with critical exponential growth − Δ u + ω u + λ h 2 (| x |) | x | 2 + ∫ | x | ∞ h (s) s u 2 (s) d s u = f (u) i n R 2 , u ∈ H r 1 ( R 2) , where ω , λ > 0 are constants and h (s) = ∫ 0 s r 2 u 2 (r) d r. Under some suitable assumptions on f ∈ C (R) , we apply the constraint minimization argument to establish a least energy sign-changing solution u λ with precisely two nodal domains. Moreover, we show that the energy of u λ is strictly larger than two times of the ground state energy and analyze the asymptotic behavior of u λ as λ ↘ 0 + . Our results generalize the existing ones, see Li G. et al. (Sign-changing solutions to a gauged nonlinear Schrödinger equation. J Math Anal Appl. 2017;455:1559–1578) and Liu Z. et al. (Existence and multiplicity of sign-changing standing waves for a gauged nonlinear Schrödinger equation in R 2 . Nonlinearity. 2019;32:3082–3111) for example, to the gauged nonlinear Schrödinger equation with critical exponential growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]