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ABSTRACT Bone mineral density is a crucial factor in the success or failure of osteosynthesis in spine surgery; it shows the onset of osteoporosis and related complications. Its evaluation is verified by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and Hounsfield Unit (HU) measurement by CT scan. Objective: Determine the use of HU in surgical planning; compare utility in diagnosing osteoporosis by DEXA; and evaluate sensitivity in predicting complications. Method: A systemic literature review was conducted on PubMed, in line with PRISMA methodology. Including those who justified the use of pre-surgical planning, compared HU/DEXA, and assessed complications. For the statistical analysis, the χ2 was used. Results: 57 articles were identified by selecting nine that met the inclusion criteria. In patients undergoing spinal surgery for fixation and fusion for degenerative pathology, HU measurement showed a prevalence of osteoporosis of 58.5% (sensitivity 93.26%; specificity 90.22%), osteoporosis-associated complications of 24.5%, proper diagnosis of 71.98%, and screw release rate of 82.31%. Conclusions: UH measurement for the diagnosis of osteoporosis turns out to be more sensitive, specific, and predictive compared to DEXA, especially in elderly patients; it represents a useful tool in planning spinal surgery, minimizing the risk of complications such as screw release, fractures, pseudoarthrosis, subsidence of intersomatic devices, and kyphosis of the proximal junction. Level of evidence II; Study Design: Systematic Review and meta-analysis.