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The electronic and vibrational spectra of the meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-porphyrins (TSPP) have been studied computationally using the PFD-3B functional with time-dependent density functional theory for the excited states. The calculated UV-vis absorption and emission spectra in aqueous solution are in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements of both H2TSPP−4 (monomer) at high pH and H4TSPP−2 (forming J-aggregate) at low pH. Moreover, our calculations reveal an infrared absorption at 1900 cm−1 in the singlet and triplet excited states that is absent in the ground state, which is chosen as a probe for transient IR absorption spectroscopy to investigate the vibrational dynamics of the excited state. Specifically, the S2 to S1 excited state internal conversion process time, the S1 state vibrational relaxation time, and the lifetime of the S1 excited electronic state are all quantitatively deduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following up on our previous work on vibrationally resolved electronic absorption spectra including the effect of vibrational pre-excitation [von Cosel et al., J. Chem. Phys. 147, 164116 (2017)], we present a combined theoretical and experimental study of two-photon-induced vibronic transitions in polyatomic molecules that are probed in the VIbrationally Promoted Electronic Resonance experiment using two-photon excitation (2P-VIPER). In order to compute vibronic spectra, we employ time-independent and time-dependent methods based on the evaluation of Franck–Condon overlap integrals and Fourier transformations of time-domain correlation functions, respectively. The time-independent approach uses a generalized version of the FCclasses method, while the time-dependent approach relies on the analytical evaluation of Gaussian moments within the harmonic approximation, including Duschinsky rotation effects. For the Coumarin 6 dye, two-dimensional 2P-VIPER experiments involving excitation to the lowest-lying singlet excited state (S1) are presented and compared with corresponding one-photon VIPER spectra. In both cases, coumarin ring modes and a CO stretch mode show VIPER activity, albeit with different relative intensities. Selective pre-excitation of these modes leads to a pronounced redshift of the low-frequency edge of the electronic absorption spectrum, which is a prerequisite for the VIPER experiment. Theoretical analysis underscores the role of interference between Franck–Condon and Herzberg–Teller effects in the two-photon experiment, which is at the root of the observed intensity distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UV-induced processes are commonly studied in acetylacetone analogues. In this contribution, we revisit the existing work on the photoisomerization process in some of the fluorinated analogues of acetylacetone, i.e., trifluoroacetylacetone (F3-acac) and hexafluoroacetylacetone (F6-acac). We performed selective UV laser excitation of these molecules trapped in soft cryogenic matrices, namely neon and para-hydrogen, and probed by vibrational spectroscopy. Clear spectroscopy of 3 isomers of F6-acac and 6 isomers of F3-acac is obtained, including the first characterization of a second open enol isomer of hexafluoroacetylacetone. In addition, we present the electronic absorption spectra of both molecules in cryogenic matrices before and after specific UV irradiations, giving new data on the electronic transitions of photoproducts. Vibrational and electronic experimental results are analyzed and discussed within comparisons with DFT and TD-DFT calculations. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the photoisomerization process in these molecules after electronic excitation in gas and condensed phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, we study the interaction of associates (dimers and trimers) of 4-n-pentyl-4΄-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) with 1, 2-Diamino-4-nitrobenzene and N, N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline dye molecules. The structures of the intermolecular complexes were studied using hybrid functionals of the DFT method M06 and B3LYP with the 6–31 + G (d) basis set. The intermolecular binding energy of dyes with associates depends on the structure of the complexes and is about 5 kcal/mol. Vibrational spectra were calculated for all intermolecular systems. The electronic absorption spectra of dyes are sensitive to the structure of the mesophase. The pattern of the spectrum changes depending on the structure of the complex of the dimer or trimer with the dye molecule. The long-wavelength transition bands are characterized by shifts that are bathochromic for 1, 2-Diamino-4-nitrobenzene and hypsochromic for N, N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The B ̃ 1 A 1 ← X ̃ 1 A 1 absorption spectra of propargyl cations H2C3H+ and D2C3D+ were simulated by an efficient two-dimensional (2D) quantum model, which includes the C—C stretch (v5) and the C≡C stretch (v3) vibrational modes. The choice of two modes was based on a scheme that can identify the active modes quantitively by examining the normal coordinate displacements (∆Q) directly based on the ab initio equilibrium geometries and frequencies of the X ̃ 1 A 1 and B ̃ 1 A 1 states of H2C3H+. The spectrum calculated by the 2D model was found to be very close to those calculated by all the higher three-dimensional (3D) quantum models (including v5, v3, and another one in 12 modes of H2C3H+), which validates the 2D model. The calculated B ̃ 1 A 1 ← X ̃ 1 A 1 absorption spectra of both H2C3H+ and D2C3D+ are in fairly good agreement with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenol derivatives are interesting molecules for theoretical studies due to their relatively small size and similarity to organic species. 2,6-dibromo-4-nitrophenol was investigated by using density functional theory (DFT). XRD data and optimized DFT studies are found to be in good correspondence with each other. Analysis of title compound was obtained by B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) level of theory to explain the vertical transactions. Calculated FT-IR and FT-Raman results are found to be in good agreement with experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman findings. Natural bond theory (NBO) study was also performed using B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) method. Correlations between the proton and carbon-13 experimental chemical shifts and the GIAO NMR calculations are in good agreement and these values have been used for the definitive signal assignments to the corresponding structures. Electronic absorption spectra of DBNP has been calculated by using CIS-DFT method based on the B3LYP/6-311++G (d,p) level of the optimized structure in gas phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New spectroscopic parameters have been calculated to aid in the laboratory and observational detection of AlCH, AlCH+, MgCH, MgCH+, and their deuterated analogs. All species exist in linear geometry except for AlCH+, which exhibits a bent structure. Rotational frequencies have been calculated and the transition with maximum intensity is discussed for three temperature regions present in space: 100 K for a central circumstellar envelope (CSE), 30 K for an outer CSE, and 3 K indicative of the interstellar medium. Pertinent frequencies range from 25 to 250 GHz, depending on the species. At 30 K, the most intense transition is expected to be J = 4 → 3 for all species. The vibrational spectrum of each molecule is expected to be complicated due to the flat nature of the potential energy surface along the bending angle and the presence of anharmonic resonances. Deuteration produces a decrease in vibrational frequency, which may be utilized in experiments to confirm detection of these molecules. The electronic absorption spectrum of both AlCH and MgCH is predicted to be congested and broad. Various high-oscillator-strength transitions are predicted. Upon photoexcitation in the 220–300 nm region, facile dissociation on a repulsive excited state along the Al–C coordinate is predicted to be a source of Al in the colder regions of space. Photodissociation of MgCH requires several nonradiative processes that will control the product state distribution of the fragments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed the generalized tight-binding model to study the magneto-electronic properties of AAB-stacked trilayer graphene. Three groups of Landau levels (LLs) are characterized by the dominating subenvelope function on distinct sublattices. Each LL group could be further divided into two sub-groups in which the wavefunctions are, respectively, localized at 2/6 (5/6) and 4/6 (1/6) of the total length of the enlarged unit cell. The unoccupied conduction and the occupied valence LLs in each sub-group behave similarly. For the first group, there exist certain important differences between the two sub-groups, including the LL energy spacings, quantum numbers, spatial distributions of the LL wavefunctions, and the field-dependent energy spectra. The LL crossings and anticrossings occur frequently in each sub-group during the variation of field strengths, which thus leads to the very complex energy spectra and the seriously distorted wavefunctions. Also, the density of states (DOS) exhibits rich symmetric peak structures. The predicted results could be directly examined by experimental measurements. The magnetic quantization is quite different among the AAB-, AAA-, ABA-, and ABC-stacked configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The rotationally resolved absorption spectrum of A ∼ 2Σ+– X ∼ 2Π 3/2 for ICN+ was observed. • The rotational constants of both the electronic states were precisely determined. • The rotational constants of FCN+, ClCN+, and BrCN+ were theoretically evaluated. • The rotational profiles of ClCN+ were simulated to identify this cation in space. A rotationally resolved gas-phase absorption spectrum of the A ∼ 2Σ+– X ∼ 2Π 3/2 electronic transition of the cyanogen iodide radical cation ICN+ was observed by cavity ring-down spectroscopy for the first time. This cation was produced in a supersonic planar discharge jet through a mixture of ICN in helium. By the aid of a program for rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra PGOPHER, the rotational constants were determined to be 0.10700(12) and 0.11002(12) cm−1 for the A ∼ 2Σ+ and X ∼ 2Π 3/2 electronic states, respectively, and the band origin to be 18262.083(3) cm−1. The rotational constant ratio β {= (B ′− B ″)/ B ″} was determined to be −2.8%. The β values for FCN+, ClCN+, BrCN+, and ICN+ were also evaluated theoretically by CAM-B3LYP/CEP-121G using Gaussian 09W. The rotational profile of the absorption band and its temperature dependence for ClCN+, one of the important candidates for Diffuse Interstellar Bands, were simulated, aiding us in the identification of this cation as in interstellar space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alkylammonium halogenocobalate families are subjected to diverse studies according to their wide field application. In this work, the [(C 3 H 7) 4 N] 2 CoBr 4 compound was synthesized using a slow evaporation solution growth method at room temperature and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and UV-VIS-IR absorption spectrometry. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data confirmed the formation of a single-phase with monoclinic system (C2/c space group). The optical absorption and reflectance spectra of the named compound were measured at the range [240 nm–1900 nm] at room temperature. Using three methods, we have determined the direct optical band gap estimated at 3.8 eV and the Urbach energy. Different models were used to calculate the refractive index, which was found to be in the range of 2.12–2.58. This spectrum consists also of electronic transition d-d of Co2+ (3 d7) ions. This work examines a detailed crystal-field analysis of the UV–Vis–NIR lines associated to the transitions between the Stark levels of Co2+, occupying a T d site symmetry in [CoBr 4 ]2- (organic part). The theoretical study is based on the Racah tensor algebra methods. This analysis permits us to determine the electronic structure of the cobalt ion Co2+ based on the crystal field theory. As a result, Racah and crystal-field parameters have been reliably obtained. A good agreement between the theoretical and the experimental energy levels are obtained. This theoretical study confirms the T d site symmetry of Co2+ in [CoBr 4 ]2- and leads to a satisfactory correlation between experimental and calculated energy levels. In addition to internal transitions, the absorption spectrum shows vibrational peaks witness of anharmonic behavior. • Absorption and reflectance spectra were measured. • Optical band gap, Urbach energy, extinction coefficient and refractive index were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic structure of salicylideneaniline (SA) and some of its derivatives are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The equilibrium geometric structures of the studied compounds are determined at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory. A set of 12 substituted SA derivatives is considered in the present work. The choice of these substituents aims to create a push-pull system on the SA basic structure which would shade light onto its photo physics. The electronic absorption spectra of SA are recorded in the UV-VIS region, in both polar and nonpolar solvents. Assignments of the observed electronic transitions are facilitated via time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) computations at the same level of theory. Electronic configurations contributing to each excited state are identified and the relevant MOs are characterized. The extent of delocalization and intramolecular charge transfer are estimated and discussed in terms of natural bond orbitals (NBO) analysis and second order perturbation interactions between donor and acceptor MOs. Solvent effects on the electronic absorption spectra are discussed in terms of the difference in polarizabilities of the ground and excited states. FTIR spectra of SA and its derivatives are measured in KBr platelets. Detailed vibrational assignments are given based on the calculated potential energy distributions. 'IR marker bands' that characterize the SA framework are identified. The effect of substituents, the nature of the characteristic 'marker bands', and intensity quenching of some bands are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed mechanistic investigationof the early stages of thePaternò–Büchi reaction following 267 nm excitationof benzaldehyde in cyclohexene has been completed using ultrafast,broadband transient UV–visible and IR absorption spectroscopies.Absorption due to electronically excited triplet state benzaldehydedecays on a 80 ps time scale via reaction with cyclohexene. The growthand subsequent decay of the biradical intermediate produced followingC–O bond formation is followed by transient vibrational spectroscopy.The biradical decays by ring closure to an oxetane or by dissociating,reforming the ground state reactants. Detailed kinetic analysis allowedderivation of quantum yields and rate constants for these competingbiradical decay processes, ϕoxetane= 0.53, ϕdiss= 0.47, koxetane= 0.27 ±0.09 ns–1and kdiss=0.24 ± 0.09 ns–1. This study provides a strikingillustration of the ways in which contemporary ultrafast transientabsorption spectroscopy methods can be used to dissect the mechanismand kinetics of a classic photoreaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Resonance Raman spectra of rhodoxanthin, a retro-carotenoid, are reported. [•] Spectra of rhodoxanthin in feathers are compared with those of the isolated pigment. [•] Vibrational spectra are compared with electronic structure calculations. [•] The absorption of rhodoxanthin in feathers is probed via reflectance spectroscopy. [•] Shifts in absorption of rhodoxanthin are attributed to excited-state perturbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the spectroscopic characterization and second hyperpolarizability of the odd spin states of acetonitrile at B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. The spectroscopic parameters studied in gas phase and water solvent. Upon changes of spin states of acetonitrile significant changes are observed in the spectroscopic study. Natural transition orbitals (NTOs) study also reported for acetonitrile in gas phase and water solvent. From nonlinear optical study it is observed that second hyperpolarizability of odd spin states of acetonitrile are more responsive than the first hyperpolarizability. [Display omitted] • Spectroscopic study of odd spin state of acetonitrile in gas and water solvent reported. • The solvent effect taken in to the consideration for the study using IEFPCM model. • The Natural transition orbital studied for the acetonitrile in gas phase and in water solvent. • An increase in field strength decreases the HOMO to LUMO gap in gas and solvent acetonitrile. • Thorough nlo study confirmed acetonitrile is more responsive to 2nd hyperpolarizability than 1st. The present study reports the spectroscopic characterization and second hyperpolarizability of odd spin states of acetonitrile in gas phase and water solvent. The odd spin states of acetonitrile are singlet, triplet and quintet spin state of acetonitrile have been considered for the study. The spectroscopic characterization viz. energy, geometrical parameters, infrared and electronic absorption spectra, molecular orbitals (MOs) their energies and natural transitions orbitals (NTOs) in gas phase and water solvent state reported at B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. The second hyperpolarizability values are obtained using various methods and basis sets for comparison. It has been observed that the second hyperpolarizability values for the odd spin states of acetonitrile are more positive than the first hyperpolarizability. It is clearly seen that the effect of spin on spectroscopic parameters except on energy. The singlet gas phase acetonitrile calculations are well matching with the available experimental determinations. The TDDFT approach has been used to study electronic absorption spectra of all spin states of acetonitrile in gas phase and in water solvent. The IEFPCM model implemented in studying acetonitrile in water solvent at B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. It is observed that HOMO to LUMO gap is larger for singlet than the triplet and quintet spin state and it decrease with an increase in strength of an applied field. All these calculations performed using Gaussian 16 program package. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Vibrational and electronic spectral measurements were made for 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). Optimized geometrical structure and harmonic vibrational frequencies were computed by DFT(B3LYP, CAMB3LYP, B3P86, M062X, mPW3PBE and PBE1PBE) using 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Complete assignments of the observed spectra were proposed. The absorption spectra of the compound were computed both in gas-phase and in CH2Cl2 solution using TDCAMB3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and PCM-TDCAMB3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) approaches, respectively, the calculated results provide a good description of positions of the bands maxima in the observed electronic spectrum. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Vibrational spectral measurements were made for 1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4-[(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)-amino]-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (DPPDP). Optimized geometrical structure and harmonic vibrational frequencies were computed by ab initio RHF and DFT (B-based BP86, BLYP, BPW91, B3-based B3P86, B3LYP, B3PW91 and O3-based O3LYP) methods using 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Complete assignments of the observed spectra were proposed. The equilibrium geometries computed by all of the methods, were compared with X-ray diffraction results. The absorption spectra of the title compound were computed both in gas phase and in CH3CN solution using TD-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and PCM-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) approaches and the calculated results provide a good description of positions of the two band maxima in the observed electronic spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the effect of the position of fluorine substituents in tetrafluorosubstituted metal phthalocyanines on their vibrational spectra is studied. For this purpose the assignments of the most intense bands in IR- and Raman spectra of tetrafluorosubstituted metal phthalocyanines with F-substituents in non-peripheral positions MPcF 4 -np (M = Zn, Co, Cu, Fe, Pd, VO, Pb) were carried out on the basis of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The vibrational spectra of MPcF 4 -np were compared with those of the corresponding derivatives bearing F-substituents in peripheral positions (MPcF 4 -p). It was shown that similarly to MPcF 4 -p, the bands in the IR and Raman spectra of MPcF 4 -np, which are dependent on central metals, are located in the spectral range from 1350 to 1550 cm−1. The effect of the position of fluorine substituents in MPcF 4 on the electronic absorption spectra of their solution and films is also discussed. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]