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Vapor diffusion Nb₃Sn coating system was developed at KEK. At most 1.3GHz 3-cell cavity can be coat with the coating system. The coating system consists of a coating chamber made of Nb, a vacuum furnace for heating the Nb chamber, and a heating device of Tin in the crucible. The Nb chamber vacuum and the furnace vacuum are isolated to prevent contamination from the furnace. There is a heating device for increasing Tin vapor pressure. In this presentation, the design and construction of the coating system are reported., Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on RF Superconductivity, SRF2021, East Lansing, MI, USA

Eight SRF cavity modules, which have been operated in KEKB for more than ten years, are stably operating also in SuperKEKB. As for calibration of the cavity voltage Vc, non-negligible discrepancy was observed between the results obtained from two different methods: one is using external Q value (Q_{ext}) of pickup ports, and the other is using loaded Q value (QL) of the cavities. The discrepancy comes from inaccuracy of power measurement in high power RF system and uncertainty of the Q_{ext} or QL values. In order to solve the discrepancy by improving the accuracy of the calibration for each individual cavity, we investigated a method by measuring synchrotron frequency fs of stored beam. With this method, Vc calibration can be performed without affected by inaccuracy of high-power measurement or uncertainty of the Q_{ext} or QL values. The fs measurement studies were carried out in SuperKEKB. With these studies, Vc calibration was obtained with a high accuracy of about 1%. The results are applied to the SuperKEKB operation., Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on RF Superconductivity, SRF2021, East Lansing, MI, USA

The SuperKEKB broke the world record of the luminosity in June 2020 in the Phase 3 operation. The luminosity has been increasing since then and the present highest luminosity is 4.65 x 10³⁴ cm⁻²s⁻¹ with β_{y}^{*} of 1 mm. The increase of the luminosity was brought with an application of crab waist, by increasing beam currents and by other improvements in the specific luminosity. In this paper, we describe what we have achieved and what we are struggling with. Finally, we mention a future plan briefly., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

At KEK, Nb₃Sn vapor diffusion R for High-Q has just started. We have performed Nb₃Sn coating on niobium samples and characterized these samples. We optimized the cavity coating parameter from the result of characterized samples. After optimizing the parameter, we have performed Nb₃Sn coating on a TESLA-like single-cell Nb cavity and measured cavity performance in vertical tests. This presentation presents the result of the cavity coating and performance results., Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on RF Superconductivity, SRF2021, East Lansing, MI, USA

KEK has been carried out high-Q/high-G R, to realize high performance of SRF cavities toward ILC. KEK constructed a new furnace, which is dedicated for N-infusion studies. We performed more than 10 times of N-infusion trials using 1.3 GHz single-cell cavities. Some results showed better Q-values up to high field, however, some results showed degraded Q-E slopes probably due to contamination. Improvement of accelerating gradient is not observed at moment. We have tried to clean the furnace and Nitrogen injection line to reduce the effect of contamination. Details of procedures of N-infusion, results of vertical tests, condition of the furnace including RGA spectrum and Nb sample analysis results are shown., Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on RF Superconductivity, SRF2019, Dresden, Germany

A temperature and magnetic field mapping system for a single cell superconducting cavity is being developed at KEK. The mapping system is used to observe the temperature distribution and the ambient magnetic field distribution around the outer surface of the cavity. A total of 36 boards at every 10 degrees are attached on the cavity. Each board consists of 15 carbon resistors of 100 Ω at room temperature and 3 AMR sensors of X, Y and Z directions at the equator. The calibration of the resisters and AMR sensors were carefully and precisely carried out at low temperature. The data logging system using NI loggers is enabled to measure within 1 ms in the whole cavity surface. The initial test results in the vertical test of the single-cell cavity will be reported in this paper., Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on RF Superconductivity, SRF2019, Dresden, Germany

Nitrogen infusion (N-infusion) is new surface treatment technique for niobium SRF (Superconducting RF) cavities. After cooling down from 800 degree C heat treatment, a vacuum furnace and cavities are kept 120 degree C, 48 hours with about 3 Pa Nitrogen. Improvement of Q-value and accelerating gradient is expected. We used J-PARC furnace, since N-infusion procedure requires clean vacuum furnace. It has a cryo-pump and turbo molecular pumps and its vacuum system is oil-free system. Six times of N-infusion tests were carried out, while changing vacuum condition, N-infusion temperature, Nitrogen pressure, niobium material and so on. Niobium caps were mounted on cavities to avoid contaminations on inner surfaces. Some of trials were successful and vertical test results showed improvement of Q-values and accelerating gradient. However, some of them were not. Most of bad cases showed degradation of Q-values above 5 MV/m. Details of heat treatment procedure including N-infusion and vertical test results are shown in this presentation., Proceedings of the 29\textsuperscript{th} Linear Accelerator Conf., LINAC2018, Beijing, China

The nitrogen infusion is the new surface treatment technique for improving the RF loss and the maximum accelerating gradient of superconducting cavity. In this process, it is important to be carried out continuously both the 800 C annealing in vacuum and 120 C nitrogen infusion without exposure to the atmosphere. The annealing serves activation process by removing the oxide layer. The in-situ nitrogen infusion system was prepared to investigate whether nitrogen infusion effect or something changes happen in the case of applying nitrogen infusion technique without removing the oxide layer. It can only introduce nitrogen into a cavity during 120 C low temperature baking and transport a cavity to the vertical test system without exposure to the atmosphere. We tried to infuse nitrogen to a single cell by keeping 120 C and 48 hours with 3 Pa nitrogen. The cavity was annealed in another furnace and applied high pressure rinsing before nitrogen infusion. The vertical test result was same Q as the normal 120 C baking without nitrogen. It suggests that oxide layer prevents infusion of nitrogen. In this poster, the in-situ nitrogen infusion system and vertical test results will be reported., Proceedings of the 29\textsuperscript{th} Linear Accelerator Conf., LINAC2018, Beijing, China

Compact ERL (cERL) was constructed at KEK as a prototype for 3GeV ERL light source. It consists of two types of SRF cavities. Three injector 2-cell SRF cavities and two main linac 9-cell SRF cavities. The beam operation started at 2013, with 100 nA (CW). Beam current increased step by step and currently reached to 1 mA (CW). Energy recovery has successfully achieved. Performance of the SRF cavities through long term beam operation has been investigated. With the beam induced HOMs, the beam position and the beam timing were studied. cERL has suffered from heavy field emissions in operation. Field emissions of the main linac cavity started just after module assembly work, and during beam operation, performances of both the main linac and the injector SRF cavities sometimes degraded. One reason of degradation was discharges occurred at beamline components due to charge up of electrons. Pulse aging technique helped to recover SRF performances. In this presentation, details of SRF beam operation, degradation, applied recovery methods are described., Proceedings of the 18th Int. Conf. on RF Superconductivity, SRF2017, Lanzhou, China

Nitrogen doping experiments in single-cell and 3-cell niobium cavities were carried out at KEK. After annealing at 800 deg C for 3 hours, pure nitrogen gas with a pressure of 3 Pa for 20 minutes and 3 minutes were introduced for doping in a furnace in J-PARC, respectively. Removing surface in 5 um and 20 um by electropolishing were performed prior to the vertical tests, respectively. Increases of a quality factor at 2K and reduction of the BCS resistance with respect to an accelerating gradient were observed in both cavities., Proceedings of the 29\textsuperscript{th} Linear Accelerator Conf., LINAC2018, Beijing, China

Cost reduction for cavity fabrication is currently main issue to realize international linear collider. Cavity fabrication facility (CFF) in KEK is approaching this issue from a point of view of materials for cavities. CFF had fabricated SRF elliptical cavities made by two types of niobium; one is high tantalum contained and low RRR (< 100) fine grain niobium, and the other is high tantalum contained and RRR < 300 large grain (LG) niobium. Former was melted two times (normally five times) which results RRR recovery up to around 300, and used for cell parts. Two 3-cell cavities were fabricated for each material respectively and vertical tested. One of these cavity made by LG achieved accelerator gradients of more than 40 MV/m. In this report, cavity materials and vertical test results are presented in detail., Proceedings of the 29\textsuperscript{th} Linear Accelerator Conf., LINAC2018, Beijing, China

Improvement of unloaded Q-values of SRF cavities are important to reduce surface loss of cavity and heat loads of He refrigerators. R&D activities have been developed worldwide. We also started work toward high-Q, but soon realized that magnetic condition of KEK-STF vertical test facility was not good enough to carry out high-Q measurements. First, magnetized components were searched. Shafts to move variable coupler were found to be most magnetized one and exceed more than 1 Gauss. Magnetized components were exchanged to non-magnetized one. In order to further reduce remnant magnetic field, a solenoid coil was prepared and used to cancel it. To suppress flux trapping, a heater was located around an upper beampipe of cavity and made thermal gradient. Owing to these efforts, Q-value of more than 1x10¹¹ can be measured with a condition of residual resistance of ~3 nΩ. Clear flux expulsion signal can be also observed. In this presentation, we report about efforts to reduce ambient magnetic field and to realize high-Q measurements. Results of vertical tests, including flux expulsion measurements, are also presented., Proceedings of the 18th Int. Conf. on RF Superconductivity, SRF2017, Lanzhou, China