Search

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los logros y los fracasos de los ayuntamientos españoles desde la aparición de la Ley 19/2013 de Transparencia, Acceso a la Información Pública y Buen Gobierno, incluyendo a las subsiguientes normas autonómicas, hasta la actualidad. La técnica empleada fue la del grupo focal, en la que han intervenido siete expertos, entre ellos dos catedráticos de Comunicación Audiovisual, además de personas del ámbito profesional. De este modo, se observa que la transparencia en los municipios españoles tiene una problemática de fondo que se resume en cincos aspectos: a) poca adecuación de la arquitectura legal, administrativa y de control; b) el nulo fomento de una cultura y voluntad de transparencia; c) falta de institucionalización con unas estructuras mínimas; d) un mal enfoque de los datos, no orientados a los medios de comunicación; e) inexistencia de unos criterios de evaluación claros y unificados.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los logros y los fracasos de los ayuntamientos españoles desde la aparición de la Ley 19/2013 de Transparencia, Acceso a la Información Pública y Buen Gobierno, incluyendo a las subsiguientes normas autonómicas, hasta la actualidad. La técnica empleada fue la del grupo focal, en la que han intervenido siete expertos, entre ellos dos catedráticos de Comunicación Audiovisual, además de personas del ámbito profesional. De este modo, se observa que la transparencia en los municipios españoles tiene una problemática de fondo que se resume en cincos aspectos: a) poca adecuación de la arquitectura legal, administrativa y de control; b) el nulo fomento de una cultura y voluntad de transparencia; c) falta de institucionalización con unas estructuras mínimas; d) un mal enfoque de los datos, no orientados a los medios de comunicación; e) inexistencia de unos criterios de evaluación claros y unificados The objective of this research is to analyze the achievements and failures of Spanish City Councils since the appearance of Law 19/2013 on Transparency, Access to Public Information and Good Governance, through the subsequent regional regulations, to the present day. The technique used was that of the focus group, in which seven experts participated, including two professors of Audiovisual Communication, as well as people from the professional field. In this way, it is observed that transparency in Spanish municipalities has a fundamental problem that can be summarized in five aspects: a) little adaptation of the legal, administrative and control architecture; b) the null promotion of a culture and desire for transparency; c) lack of institutionalization with minimal structures; d) a poor approach to data, not oriented to the media; e) lack of clear and unified evaluation criteria SI

El presente trabajo parte de la necesidad de abordar el concepto de transparencia, acceso a información pública y rendición de cuentas en las televisiones públicas y privadas de Ecuador de forma holística e integral, debido principalmente a la dualidad de información a la cual nos enfrentamos. En este sentido, además de una extensa revisión para el desarrollo del marco teórico, se sitúa la problemática central: la inexistencia de unos indicadores integrados que nos permitan fiscalizar a las televisiones. Es por ello que el presente trabajo es una investigación con características descriptivas que tiene una naturaleza de artículo de revisión, ya que asume una función de sistematización a través de un método de búsqueda bibliográfica y legal, siendo su objetivo el de examinar la documentación y legislación más relevante que existe en el país para la construcción de una matriz. Este trabajo se justifica porque cumple con gran parte de los criterios de utilidad, como la conveniencia e implicaciones prácticas, además de su valor teórico y su utilidad metodológica. Los resultados arrojados, después del análisis de la Constitución del año 2008, la Ley Orgánica de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información Pública (2004), la Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana (2010) y la Ley Orgánica de Comunicación (2013) son relevantes: en el Ecuador la transparencia tiene un alto y exigente desarrollo normativo, con una publicidad de la información pública con un carácter expansivo, extensivo y no reservado, que dibuja un complejo entramado jurídico que obliga a un ejercicio de síntesis para la construcción de indicadores que permitan auditar el comportamiento de las empresas informativas. The present work is based on the need to approach the concept of transparency, access to public information and accountability in public and private television channels in Ecuador in a holistic and integral way, mainly due to the duality of information that we face. In this sense, in addition to an extensive review for the development of the theoretical framework, the central problem is located: the lack of integrated indicators that allow us to inspect and monitor the televisions. This is why the present work is a research with descriptive characteristics that has a nature of review article, since it assumes a systematization function through a bibliographic and legal search method, being its objective to examine the documentation and more relevant legislation that exists in the country for the construction of a matrix. This work is justified because it fulfills many of the utility criteria, such as convenience, relevance and practical implications, in addition to its theoretical value and its methodological usefulness. The results obtained after the analysis of the Constitution of 2008, the Organic Law of Transparency and Access to Public Information (2004), the Law on Citizenship (2010) and the Communications Law (2013) are relevant: In Ecuador the transparency has a high and demanding normative development, with an advertising of the public information with an expansive character, extension and not reserved, which draws a complex legal framework that forces a synthesis exercise for the construction of indicators that allow audit the behavior of media companies.

Over the last few years, European public broadcasters have promoted the concept of public service media as one of their main values. To this end, transparency policies have been implemented as a mechanism of corporate projection by strengthening their role as an essential service. The objective of this article is to ascertain the existence of this type of policies among European public broadcasters. To this end, a nominal group was made with 24 experts who were surveyed, thus generating new indicators of transparency and accountability strategies around sustainability and digitalization. The contents of the websites of RTVE (Spain), RTP (Portugal), France TV (France), RAI (Italy), BBC (UK), RTÉ (Ireland), ZDF (Germany), VRT (Belgium), and SVT (Sweden) were also analyzed, paying attention to such indicators and strategies. The main results include the identification of differences on the basis of the ideal models described by Hallin and Mancini, a commitment to credibility (fact-checking) to the detriment of diversity of opinions, and a connection between the political system and the media system, which, preliminarily, determines the level of transparency of these public entities.

Introducción: La presente investigación desarrolla 62 indicadores de transparencia y acceso a la información pública para aplicarlos en forma de test a las televisiones del Ecuador. Metodología: Construcción de un panel de indicadores divididos en cinco bloques, siguiendo la metodología Infoparticipa, para el estudio de las páginas web de Ecuavisa y TC Televisión. Evaluación de su nivel de transparencia en el Infómetro de www.mapainfoparticipa.com. Resultados: Las empresas informativas analizadas suspenden en transparencia, obteniendo las peores puntuaciones en la identificación de sus responsables y la gestión de los recursos colectivos, y la mejor en la información para la participación. Discusión y conclusiones: El acceso a la información pública y la transparencia, a pesar de tener un amplio desarrollo normativo, no se cumple en este tipo de organizaciones. Los datos básicos no se ofrecen y en el caso de su publicación, no son claros, son insuficientes y poco accesibles. Introduction: This research article presents the results of the application of 62 indicators of transparency and access to public information to two Ecuadorian television corporations. Methods: The study uses a purpose-created panel of indicators divided into five blocks, following the method developed by the Infoparticipa project, for the analysis of the websites of Ecuavisa and TC Televisión. The results of the evaluation of the level of transparency of these corporations is available in the Infometro section of the online platform www.mapainfoparticipa.com. Results: The selected media companies are not very transparent: the lowest scores were obtained in the identification of senior executives and the management of collective resources, while the highest scores were obtained in the area of information for participation. Discussion and conclusions: These types of organisations do not comply with the indicators of access to public information and transparency, despite having a broad regulatory development. These corporations do not disclose basic data and the information they do publish is often unclear, insufficient and inaccessible.

One of the features of current society is linked to the ever-increasing demand that both public and private institutions account for their daily activities through the publication of information and data related to them. In this sense, the media are dually obliged, because they are companies and they also work with a public service body, as is the case of information. This chapter takes on the need for conceptually systematizing what we know as accountability, governance and transparency regarding public service television broadcasters, and we will do so by means of a comprehensive bibliographic review. In addition, the main transparency assessment models for these institutions are here highlighted and scored, describing their implementation already fulfilled in various geographical areas, together with their different results but with just a single reading: society—and law—goes far ahead of the institutions’ answer.

Public service televisions must face a double challenge in the scope of accountability. On the one hand, the need of providing the citizens with all the data related to the institution’s daily activities. On the other hand, the requirement of making the production stages transparent in order to prove the degree of compliance and commitment to a quality service. This paper analyzes the information available on the websites of the public service televisions in the American Southern Cone, meaning Chile, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. When it comes to performance, the fulfilment of these indicators can be concluded as unsatisfactory, even though transparency in audiovisual corporations becomes one of the most appreciated intangible values that enable the television public service to regain credibility.

One of the distinctive features of the current citizenry is its growing demand for an increasing ethical commitment and transparency from its political representatives and the public or private institutions related to them. This growing demand should also apply to public television broadcasters, since they are usually funded by state resources. Moreover, they play an important role in the citizens’ full enjoyment of their right to information, thereby favoring a formed public opinion and, in consequence, having an impact on the quality of democracy in their countries. Therefore, this paper proposes 29 indicators aimed at generally analyzing and assessing the transparency of television broadcasters and being applied to state-level public televisions in the Andean countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

La investigación parte de la concepción de que las televisiones, en tanto que organizaciones que trabajan con un bien de servicio público, deben responder de una forma clara a los principios de transparencia, gobierno abiertos y rendición de cuentas. De esta forma, el presente trabajo analiza la información pública de doce televisiones del Ecuador a través de la metodología Infoparticipa, dividida en cinco bloques con 62 indicadores: ¿Quiénes son los representantes del medio informativo?; ¿Cómo se gestionan los recursos colectivos?; ¿Cómo se gestionan los recursos económicos?; Información para la participación y, ¿Qué herramientas ofrece para la participación ciudadana? Los resultados muestran un suspenso en todas las empresas informativas, con un incumplimiento más marcado en la publicidad de la información institucional y en la gestión de los recursos colectivos y económicos, mejorando levemente en los ámbitos de participación ciudadana. The research is based on the idea that television companies, as organizations that work in post of public service, must respond in a clear way to the principles of transparency, open government and accountability. In this way, this work analyzesthe public information of twelve television stations in Ecuador through the Infoparticipa methodology, divided into five blocks with 62 indicators: Who are the representatives of the information channels? How are collective resources managed? How are economic resources managed? Information for participation and, what tools do they offer for citizen participation? The results show a suspense in all the informative companies, with a more marked breach in the publicity of the institutional information and in the management of the collective and economic resources, improving slightly in the areas of citizen participation