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2. Refugee Education: Integration Models and Practices in OECD Countries. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 203
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France) and Cerna, Lucie
- Abstract
The recent refugee crisis has put many Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries under considerable pressure to accommodate and integrate large numbers of refugees. Refugee students are a particularly vulnerable group due to their forced displacement, but their needs are not always met by education systems, which can hinder the integration potential of these students. This poses considerable challenges as the integration of refugee students in education systems is important for their academic outcomes as well as their social and emotional well-being. The success (or lack of) integration in schools can also affect the future labour market and social integration potential of these children and youth. While there is a growing body of research on the integration of immigrants, policy-relevant research on refugee children and youth from an educational perspective is rather limited, fragmented and case specific. Detailed surveys and research projects focusing on the current wave of refugees that allow for cross-country comparisons are not yet available. Drawing on research from previous refugee waves, the paper examines key needs of refugee students and factors that promote their integration. It proposes a holistic model of integration in education that responds to the learning, social and emotional needs of refugee students. Furthermore, the paper examines what type of policies and practices are in place in OECD countries that support the integration of refugee students. Nonetheless, evaluations of practices and policies are often missing, which makes it difficult to assess whether they are successful. The paper finishes with some policy pointers on how to promote the integration of refugee students.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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3. Immigrant Children's Age at Arrival and Assessment Results. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 75
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Heath, Anthony, and Kilpi-Jakonen, Elina
- Abstract
While a number of single-country studies have been done to explore whether or not there is a "critical age" at which the arrival in a new country becomes a steep disadvantage to the immigrant student, this study aims to determine whether the steepness of the age-at-arrival/test score profile varies across origin or destination countries. As expected, the later the arrival, the greater the penalty. However results vary according to several factors, including language differences and whether the country of origin had higher or lower educational standards. Evidence shows the importance of helping young migrants with language difficulties, as well as with the subsequent adverse effects of these difficulties. (Contains 4 tables, 4 figures and 2 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The Civic Education and Engagement of Latina/o Immigrant Youth: Challenging Boundaries and Creating Safe Spaces. Research Paper Series on Latino Immigrant Civic and Political Participation. Number 5
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Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and Seif, Hinda
- Abstract
As demographics shift and immigration is a hotly contested area of US civic life, the civic preparation and participation of Latin American immigrant youth is becoming increasingly important. The author examines the growing literature on this topic, inquiring into the political and demographic changes that have stimulated this area of inquiry, the challenges of studying this population, and what individuals currently know and what they still need to know about immigrant youth civic engagement and activism. At a time when the struggle for immigrant rights in the US is caught in the crossfire of severe recession and racism, young immigrant activists offer a ray of hope through their modest yet noteworthy successes. Scholarship on their civic engagement sheds light on ways that young people who live on the fault line between nation-states are creatively forging civic identities, claiming political voices, and making an impact. (Contains 144 footnotes.) [Funding for this paper was provided by the University of California All Campus Consortium on Research for Diversity (UC ACCORD), UC Berkeley's Center for Latino Policy Research, UC MEXUS, and the University of Illinois at Springfield.]
- Published
- 2009
5. Do Enclaves Matter in Immigrant Adjustment? Discussion Paper.
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Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn (Germany)., Chiswick, Barry R., and Miller, Paul W.
- Abstract
This paper examines the determinants and consequences of immigrant/linguistic concentrations (enclaves), discussing reasons for the formation of those concentrations. It develops hypotheses regarding "ethnic goods" (market and non-market goods and services consumed by members of an immigrant/ethnic group that are not consumed by others), the effect of concentrations on immigrants' language skills, and the effect on immigrant earnings of destination language skills and linguistic concentration. These hypotheses are tested using the 1990 U.S. Census Public Use Microdata Sample data on adult male immigrants from non-English speaking countries. Results indicate that linguistic concentrations reduce immigrants' English language skills. Immigrants' annual earnings increase with proficiency in the destination language and with skill level (schooling, experience, and duration in the United States) and number of weeks worked. Annual earnings are higher among married men, men living in urban areas outside the south, men who are citizens, and men who are not black. Overall, the results suggest that enclaves impact immigrant adjustment. (Contains 17 references.) (Adjunct ERIC Clearinghouse for ESL Literacy Education) (SM)
- Published
- 2002
6. Household Living Arrangements and Economic Resources among Mexican Immigrant Families with Children. University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series, DP2010-10
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University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research and Leach, Mark A.
- Abstract
Using data from the 2000 Census, this study examines the relationship between household living arrangements and economic resources among Mexican immigrant families with children. I model separately the relationships between family income and household structure and proportion of total household income contributed and household structure. The results show that families that coreside with extended kin and non-kin have higher incomes, all else equal, relative to those that reside in single-family households. In addition, Mexican immigrant families that reside in extended-household living arrangements contribute about three quarters of total household income. While families may gain some economic efficiency through extended household living arrangements, the results are consistent with expectations that Mexican immigrant families expend scarce resources in support of the migration and settlement of extended kin. The Mexican delayed assimilation thesis suggests such support inadvertently diverts resources away from immigrant children and slows intergenerational progress. (Contains 2 footnotes and 3 tables.)
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- 2010
7. Poverty among Young Children in Black Immigrant, US-Born Black, and Non-Black Immigrant Families: The Role of Familial Contexts. Discussion Paper Series. DP 2010-02
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University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research and Thomas, Kevin J. A.
- Abstract
This study examines how familial contexts affect poverty disparities between the children of immigrant and US-born Blacks, and among Black and non-Black children of immigrants. Despite lower gross child poverty rates in immigrant than US-born Black families, accounting for differences in family structure reveals that child poverty risks among Blacks are highest in single-parent Black immigrant families. In addition, within two-parent immigrant families, child poverty declines associated with increasing assimilation are greater than the respective declines in single-parent families. The heads of Black immigrant households have more schooling than those of native-Black households. However, increased schooling has a weaker negative association with child poverty among the former than the latter. In terms of racial disparities among the children of immigrants, poverty rates are higher among Black than non-Black children. This Black disadvantage is, however, driven by the outcomes of first-generation children of African and Hispanic-Black immigrants. The results also show that although children in refugee families face elevated poverty risks, these risks are higher among Black than non-Black children of refugees. In addition, the poverty-reducing impact associated with having an English-proficient household-head is about three times lower among Black than non-Hispanic White children of immigrants. (Contains 7 footnotes, 7 tables and 2 figures.)
- Published
- 2010
8. Is Acculturation in Hispanic Health Research a Flawed Concept? JSRI Working Paper.
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Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Julian Samora Research Inst., Ponce, Carlos, and Comer, Brendon
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Some health researchers have used the concept of acculturation to explain health behaviors or illnesses prevalent among Hispanic people. This paper reviews studies in health, educational, and social science research among Hispanics and argues that acculturation studies are seriously limited by several basic conceptual and methodological problems. First, researchers who set out to measure the concept of acculturation usually presume a distinct "Hispanic culture." However, a vast range of cultures fit under the term Hispanic, encompassing many languages, religions, and customs. Even narrowing a study to a smaller group, such as Mexican Americans, overlooks variety in race, rural-urban origin, class, immigration status, and generation. Beyond the question of appropriate classification of Hispanics is the problem of the comparison group, usually "non-Hispanic Whites," who are similarly diverse. Second, studies of acculturation and health fail to adequately consider socioeconomic differences. Income, social class, educational attainment, and literacy level have large effects on health status, health behaviors and attitudes, and the success of intervention and prevention programs. Finally, a long and worrisome legacy of racism and discrimination is evident in acculturation studies that label as "inadequate" groups or cultures that differ from the undefined American mainstream. If a study of acculturation's influence on a group of people is to be useful, researchers must develop an in-depth ethnographic understanding about that group and not neglect the importance of noncultural factors. (Contains 41 references.) (SV)
- Published
- 2003
9. Race, Wages, and Assimilation among Cuban Immigrants. Working Paper.
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Zavodny, Madeline
- Abstract
This study uses data from the 1980 and 1990 Census and the 1994-2000 Current Population Survey to examine the determinants of earnings among male Cuban immigrants in the United States by race. Nonwhite Cuban immigrants earn about 15 percent less than Whites, on average. Much of the racial wage gap is due to differences in educational attainment, age at migration and years in the United States, but the gap remains at almost 4 percent after controlling for such factors. Nonwhite Cuban immigrants also have lower returns to education than Whites. A comparison to white, non-Hispanic U.S. natives indicates that nonwhite Cubans not only earn less initially than White Cubans on arrival in the United States but also do not significantly close the racial earnings gap over time. (Contains 37 references.) (SM)
- Published
- 2003
10. Embarazadas y maltratadas (Pregnant and Abused): Domestic Violence among Latinas. JSRI Occasional Paper No. 44. Latino Studies Series.
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Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Julian Samora Research Inst. and Rodriguez, Ester Ruiz
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This paper examines the prevalence of domestic violence directed against pregnant women of Mexican origin. About 18 percent of Hispanic women experience abuse by a partner. Over half of abused women incur injuries during pregnancy, which subjects the fetus to significant risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, injury, or death. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with 521 Mexican American and Mexican women at prenatal care facilities in rural and urban U.S. sites and an urban Mexican site. Overall prevalence of abuse was 8.8 percent but ranged from 17.5 percent at the rural U.S. site to 3.8 percent at the urban U.S. site. Overall prevalence of abuse during pregnancy was 6.2 percent and ranged from 2.7 to 11.4 percent across sites, with the rural U.S. site highest. Although rural U.S. women reported more abuse, urban U.S. and Mexican women reported more severe abuse. Compared to nonabused women, abused women had lower self-esteem and higher acculturation levels. No differences were found in delay in seeking prenatal care. Focus group results revealed the women's thoughts concerning battered women, battered pregnant women, what constitutes battering, the role of Mexican culture in abuse, the role of alcohol and other contributing factors, factors that discourage abuse, helpful strategies for battered women, and awareness of available resources. Recommendations cover primary prevention strategies, including health education for secondary school students, and research needs. (Contains 35 references.) (SV)
- Published
- 1999
11. Latina Mothers' Involvement in Their Children's Schooling: The Role of Maternal Education and Acculturation. JSRI Working Paper No. 44. JSRI Research & Publications Working Paper Series.
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Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Julian Samora Research Inst., Moreno, Robert P., and Lopez, Jose A.
- Abstract
Interviews with 158 Latina mothers of first-grade children examined the influence of mothers' acculturation and education on their attitudes toward and involvement in their children's education. The interviews covered participants' demographic and sociocultural characteristics, perceptions of their role and efficacy, knowledge of school-related activities, educational expectations for their child, perceptions of school climate, education-related support from families and friends, barriers to parental involvement, and reported levels of involvement. Regardless of acculturation level, more-educated mothers were more likely to view their participation as "part of their job." However, for mothers with a high school education or greater, less acculturated mothers had higher levels of self-efficacy with regard to their involvement and had higher expectations for their children than did more acculturated mothers. There was no evidence that the mothers found the school climate to be hostile or unreceptive. However, compared to their counterparts, less acculturated mothers and less educated mothers reported more barriers to their involvement and greater support from their spouses. Regardless of acculturation or education, Latina mothers participated in parental involvement activities ranging from "basic obligations" to "involvement in school governance," but more-educated mothers engaged in activities more frequently. (Contains 60 references.) (SV)
- Published
- 1999
12. Toward a Redefinition of Formal and Informal Learning: Education and the Aboriginal People. NALL Working Paper.
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Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. New Approaches to Lifelong Learning. and Burns, George E.
- Abstract
The Western paradigm of education regards schools as the essential institutionalized cultural settings in which formal learning can take place and as the only socially valid settings in which learners can get a formal education. Knowledge is commodified and may be exchanged for currency in the form of jobs or licenses. Learning that occurs outside this institutionalized educational system is judged by the dominant culture to be invalid for certification or professional recognition, is labeled informal, and is associated with the unschooled. This dichotomization of education into formal and informal learning serves to maintain unequal relations of power in education as well as the control, marginalization, and exploitation of minority groups in society. Prior to the arrival of Europeans, Canada Natives had their own highly successful systems of education. The Elders are the most knowledgeable people in Aboriginal societies, yet their learning has been through informal practices and is therefore unrecognized by the dominant culture. Aboriginal people want their children to learn everything that formal education has to offer, as well as their own culture and ways of doing things. The work of Elders must be incorporated into the practices of the formal educational system so that it contributes to the acquisition of credit in formal courses. Obstacles to Elders' participation in formal education must be identified and overcome. (Contains 19 references.) (TD)
- Published
- 1998
13. Indigenous Peoples in Modern Nation-States. Proceedings from an International Workshop (Tromso, Norway, October 13-16, 1997). Occasional Papers Series A, No. 90.
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Tromso Univ. (Norway). and Saugestad, Sidsel
- Abstract
The relationship between indigenous peoples and nation-states has long been of academic interest, and is also an emerging topic in the international debate about human rights and development. Universities and museums play an important part in this debate as producers, managers, and communicators of knowledge about indigenous peoples. In these processes, the voices of indigenous peoples themselves must also find their proper place. A workshop at the University of Tromso (Norway) in October 1997 addressed aspects of this debate. The point of departure was a collaborative research program between the Universities of Botswana and Tromso to promote research of relevance for the indigenous people of Botswana, called Bushmen, San, Basarwa, or Kwe. The University of Tromso also has a special responsibility to the Saami--indigenous people of Norway. The 17 papers in this proceedings address ethnographic research methods and issues; history, cultural heritage, and cultural maintenance; indigenous relationships with the state and bureaucrats; and remote area development, acculturation, and participatory research on community and educational issues. The papers are: "Objectives and Perspectives on the Collaborative Programme for San/Basarwa Research" (Sidsel Saugestad); "Regional Comparison in Khoisan Ethnography: Theory, Method and Practice" (Alan Barnard); "Another Time, Another History" (Charlotte Damm); "Ethnicity: A Question of Relations" (Per Mathiesen); "Sami Cultural Heritage and Cultural Mobilisation" (Torvald Falch); "Indigenous or Autochthonous? Establishing a Role for Archaeology in the Negotiation of Basarwa Identity" (Paul J. Lane); "A Preliminary Report on an On-Going Research into the Recent History of the Babugakhwe at Khwai, Eastern Ngamiland, Botswana" (Maitseo Bolaane, Kofi Darkwah); "The Politics of Being Basarwa: Identity, Entitlement and Development among Bugakhwe, Tsega and //Anekhwe in Eastern Ngamiland..." (Michael Taylor); "Hunter-Gatherers and Bureaucrats: Reconciling Opposing Worldviews" (Alan Barnard); "Saami Customary Rights and the Problems of Definition" (Trond Thuen); "The Rise and Fall of Norwegian Support to Remote Area Development in Botswana" (Sidsel Saugestad); "Once upon a Nickel Mine: Mining Development, Archaeology and Aboriginal Cultural Heritage in Northern Labrador, Canada" (Bryan C. Hood); "The Remote Area Development Programme and the Integration of Basarwa into the Mainstream of Botswana Society..." (Chadzimula Molebatsi); "Livelihood Strategies of the Basarwa in Diphuduhudu and Tshokwe..." (Isaac Mazonde); "Community Economic Development (CED) and Basarwa Communities in Botswana" (Keitseope Nthomang); "Development or Destitution? Towards an Understanding of Alcohol Use in Basarwa Settlements..." (David Macdonald); and "Participatory Research: A Developing World Research Paradigm for Change?" (Lucky Tshireletso). (Contains references, maps, the workshop program, and participants.) (SV)
- Published
- 1998
14. Fresno in Transition: Urban Impacts of Rural Migration. Working Paper No. 26.
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Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Julian Samora Research Inst., Mason, Bert, Alvarado, Andrew, and Palacio, Robert
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This paper examines the social and economic impacts of Mexican immigration on Fresno (California). Since the early 1980s, immigration to California has been dominated by illegal immigrants from rural Mexico seeking agricultural jobs in rural California. This rural migration impacts urban centers in agricultural regions; these impacts lag the dramatic and obvious effects on rural communities and are primarily the result of movement of second-generation immigrants to urban areas. Data for Fresno and Fresno County are presented on population growth and trends, ethnic composition, employment, unemployment, income, poverty rates, ethnic groups in the school population, limited English proficiency among students, and welfare recipients. Intensive family interviews with farmworkers who had received legalized status during 1986 immigration reforms found that few had moved into nonagricultural jobs, pursued formal education or other training, or acquired fluency in English. Their children, however, had enrolled in public schools, had learned English, and were moving to Fresno and other urban areas seeking nonfarm employment. Nevertheless, the second generation's odyssey to urban areas has been generally unsuccessful. It is suggested that the "Latinization" of rural central California has made assimilation unnecessary for Mexican immigrants, and this lack of assimilation negatively affects their children when they move to other areas. Recommendations are offered concerning immigration policy, educational needs, and development of nonagricultural employment opportunities. An appendix outlines Fresno County employment by sector, 1973-90. (SV)
- Published
- 1996
15. Working Papers in Educational Linguistics, Volume 12, Number 1.
- Author
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Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia. Graduate School of Education. and Nabors, Leslie K.
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Five papers in diverse areas of linguistics in education are presented. "Second Language Learning through Interaction: Multiple Perspectives" (Teresa Pica) looks at the variety of theoretical approaches to interaction in second language learning, and how an interactionist perspective lends weight to a number of theories. "Acquaintance or Fiancee: Pragmatic Differences in Requests between Japanese and Americans" (Mitsuo Kubota) contrasts culture-based speech styles and strategies for making requests. In "Investigating the Structure of Discourse Completion Tests" (Manka Varghese, Kristine Billmyer), the effect of systematic modification to discourse completion tests' situational prompts on learners' response is investigated. "Dictogloss: Is It an Effective Language Learning Task?" (Toshiyo Nabei) examines learners' interaction in one stage of dictogloss testing and how it may affect second language learning. "ESL and Parental Empowerment" (Daryl Gordon) examines the role of language in the acculturation process in immigrant and refugee families and draws implications regarding how the English-as-a-Second-Language class functions to empower parents. (MSE)
- Published
- 1996
16. The Contribution of Latino Studies to Social Science Research on Immigration. JSRI Occasional Paper No. 36. Latino Studies Series.
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Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Julian Samora Research Inst. and Pedraza, Silvia
- Abstract
This paper offers a conceptual "map" of issues and approaches in immigration research and illustrates features of the map with the significant contributions of Latino Studies to immigration research. One axis of the map concerns the time line of various waves of immigration. Although research on immigrants and immigration processes was a foundation of American sociology, Latino immigrants were largely ignored until the 1960s. In 1964, two Mexican social scientists published their research on illegal Mexican immigrants and on the "bracero" (migrant worker) program. Since then, Latino scholarship has contributed to the history of Spanish-speaking groups in the United States; the history of regions heavily impacted by Latino immigration; and the development of two major conceptual models of ethnic relations in America--acculturation and internal colonialism. The other axis of the map concerns levels of analysis: micro-level factors that drive individual behavior versus structural perspectives that emphasize major economic or political forces driving migration. The map's "Blue Highways" consist of research themes in Latino scholarship such as the heterogeneity of Latino immigrants, immigrants' involvement in small businesses, impact of migration on sending communities in the underdeveloped world, female labor migrants, and poverty among U.S. Latino immigrants. "Unpaved roads" or research needs are also suggested such as links between micro and macro levels of analysis, the "brain drain" from Third World to First World countries, and the distinctive issues of refugees and exiles. (Contains 69 references.) (SV)
- Published
- 1998
17. Working Papers in Educational Linguistics, Volume 11, Number 1.
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Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia. Graduate School of Education. and Nabors, Leslie K.
- Abstract
Five papers on applied linguistics in educational contexts are presented. "What Can Second Language Learners Learn from Each Other? Only Their Researcher Knows for Sure" (Teresa Pica, Felicia Lincoln-Porter, Diana Paninos, Julian Linnell) presents further research on interaction and negotiation among language learners. "Collaborative Effort Between Nonnative English Speakers: A Difference in Strategies" (Karen Carrier) reports research applying a theoretical framework of contrastive pragmatics to pairs of language learners. In "Shifting Gender Roles in the Acculturation Process" (Daryl Gordon), analysis of interviews with recent Laotian immigrants to the United States illustrates changes in women's roles in the wife-husband and mother-child relationships. "The Universality of Face in Brown and Levinson's Politeness Theory: A Japanese Perspective" (Peter Longcope) examines recent research on politeness strategies in Japanese within the framework of a 1978 theory of politeness. In "Learning Grammar in the United States: A Case of Japanese Students" (Toshiyo Nabei), a study of Japanese university students' perceptions of American grammar instruction is reported. (MSE)
- Published
- 1995
18. Vulnerable Refugees. Discussion Paper.
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Porras, Silvia
- Abstract
This document considers the position, plight, and needs of recent Central American immigrants to Canada. It seeks to answer three questions: What kind of support do they need? What kind of programs can respond to their needs? How can they be helped to integrate into Canadian society? Several facts are uncovered, and conclusions are reached based on anecdotal information. Among the findings are these: Most of these immigrants come from rural areas in their own countries and have limited or no literacy in their native Spanish. They are often very unfamiliar with what basic appliances are in Canada (e.g., stoves). They encounter significant ethnic and racial-based hostility and prejudice from Canadian citizens. Many untrue and largely negative stereotypes about them are widely believed. Recommendations are made for effectively teaching these immigrants to survive and thrive in Canada. Immigrant success stories are chronicled in a number of vivid examples. It is concluded that the acquisition of literacy skills in Spanish is a necessary first step before acquiring similar literacy in English or French. Literacy is viewed as more than just reading and writing, but a necessary tool for problem solving in every-day life in a modern society. Other useful resources are provided. (KFT)
- Published
- 1998
19. The Enculturation of New Faculty in Higher Education: A Comparative Investigation of Three Academic Departments. AIR 1995 Annual Forum Paper.
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Rosch, Teryl ann and Reich, Jill N.
- Abstract
A four-stage model was tested to examine the processes by which new faculty became members of three academic departments within a higher education institution. Attention was directed to the ways in which different academic subcultures select and socialize new faculty and the degree to which identity and role orientation are carried over, or adjusted, by new faculty. The four stages of the conceptual model involved: the pre-arrival stage, including the individual's pre-dispositions before entering a new setting; the encounter stage, including an individual's preconceptions formed during recruitment and selection; the adaptation stage, including the external socialization processes and the initiate's identification with the organization; and the commitment stage, including the extent to which the norms and values of the local culture are assimilated by new organization members. Survey and interviews completed by current faculty were used to assess institutional culture, perceptions regarding the subcultures, and the work climate in the three departments. New faculty completed a portion of the survey specifying the relative importance of various academic tasks. The model accurately delineated the process factors involved in the entry period and predicted two enculturation responses. For each stage, theoretical propositions are identified, along with process dimensions and developmental tasks. (Contains 21 references.) (SW)
- Published
- 1995
20. Acculturation Theory and Linguistic Fossilization: A Comparative Case Study. CLCS Occasional Paper No. 37.
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Trinity Coll., Dublin (Ireland). Centre for Language and Communication Studies. and Ushioda, Ema
- Abstract
A study explored the relevance of acculturation theory to language fossilization in the advanced stages of second language learning. Case studies of two native Japanese speakers with long experience living in an English-speaking environment are examined. First, the model of acculturation is outlined: it proposes that socio-psychological factors, particularly social and psychological distance, are central to second language learning success and draws a parallel with the development of pidgins and creoles in language contact situations. Second, the research methodology is described and the two subjects are introduced, focusing on their language use patterns and social-psychological profiles. The third section reports results of several English usage analyses (morphemes, negatives and interrogatives, complex syntactic structures, lexis and comprehension, pronunciation) and social-psychological analyses (social distance, status, size, attitudes, cultural congruence, integration patterns, cohesion, enclosure, relations with the expatriate community, psychological distance). It is concluded that acculturation theory does not account for two important factors, language aptitude and language needs, or for fossilization, and that a broader approach is needed. (MSE)
- Published
- 1993
21. Reflections on Working with Ethiopian Families in Israel. Bernard van Leer Foundation Studies and Evaluation Papers No. 3.
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Bernard Van Leer Foundation, The Hague (Netherlands). and Ashkenazi, Michael
- Abstract
By 1985, almost 2,500 Ethiopian Jews, who call themselves Beta Israel, had settled in Israel, with more than 1,600 in permanent housing in 2 major areas. This mass immigration caused strains on Israeli society and on the immigrants. The Bernard van Leer Foundation funded the Community and Education Project for Beta Israel to assist in the absorption of Ethiopian Jews into Israeli society. Programs sponsored by the project included supervised children's play groups, morning and afternoon child care services, a homework assistance program, a home visiting program, and various adult education classes. The project received support from municipal social service agencies, but its relations with the Ethiopian community were hampered by internal differences in the community. Factors that affected the project included the absence of communal institutions in the Ethiopian community, and various community demands. As the project evolved, it developed an increased knowledge of the community served, professionalization of staff, and routinization of activities. Community changes that occurred during the course of the project included an increased autonomy of the immigrant community and its members, improved child nutrition, and greater independence for women. A review of the project considers funding issues and the moral dilemma that arises when a developmental agent becomes involves with another culture. A bibliography of 31 items is provided. (BC)
- Published
- 1991
22. Addressing Emotional Aspects in the Second Language Learning Processes
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Luis F. Cisneros
- Abstract
Learning a foreign language incorporates cognitive, communicative, emotional, and social aspects. Some of these aspects have to do with the structure of the language being studied; some others deal with social and psychological issues that influence the environment where the learning process takes place. This reflection paper addresses various emotional aspects that can bring up positive outcomes along the foreign language learning stages. Elements such as motivation, attitudes, levels of anxiety, acculturation, ethnicity, and personality are considered for this work. Readers should be able to find useful ideas for their ESL/EFL classes.
- Published
- 2024
23. Colonial Texts on Aboriginal Land: The Dominance of the Canon in Australian English Classrooms
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Amy Thomson
- Abstract
From its conception in Australia, subject 'English' has been considered central to the curriculum. The English literature strand in the curriculum does not stipulate specific texts but is more explicit regarding what should be considered as an appropriate 'literary text'. Curriculum documents emphasise the need for texts to have cultural and aesthetic value whilst suggesting that English teachers include texts that are chosen by students, texts from Asia, and texts by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander authors. Despite this, the influences of British colonisation manifests in Australian English teachers' text selection as they continue to choose texts from the 'canon'. This paper is framed by Rigney's principles of Indigenism and Indigenous Standpoint Theory (1999; 2017) and will draw on my own lived experience -- as an Aboriginal student, English teacher, and now researcher -- to examine the presence of colonialism in English and the consequent subordination of Indigenous perspectives. This paper will suggest some of the ramifications of prioritising colonial texts while teaching and learning on Aboriginal land and investigate how the construction of subject English could feel assimilative to Indigenous people. I will explore this by using my own experience of learning William Shakespeare's 'Othello' as a student and of teaching Doris Pilkington's 'Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence' as a teacher as examples.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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24. 'It Felt Like I Was a Black Dot on White Paper': Examining Young Former Refugees' Experience of Entering Australian High Schools
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Uptin, Jonnell, Wright, Jan, and Harwood, Valerie
- Abstract
Schools are often the first point of contact for young refugees resettling in Australia and play a significant role in establishing meaningful connections to Australian society and a sense of belonging in Australia (Olliff in "Settling in: How do refugee young people fair within Australia's settlement system?" Centre for Multicultural Youth Issues, Melbourne. http//:www.cmyi.net.au/ResearchandPolicy. Accessed 21 June 2010, 2007; Gifford et al. in: "Good Starts for recently arrived youth with refugee backgrounds: Promoting wellbeing in the first three years of settlement in Melbourne, Australia." Melbourne: La Trobe Refugee Research Centre. http://www.latrobe.edu.au/larrc/documents-larrc/reports/report-good-starts.pdf. Accessed 4 June 2011, 2009; Sidhu and Taylor in: "Educational provision for refugee youth in Australia: Left to chance?" "Journal of Sociology," 43(3), 283-300, 2007). However, too little is known of how refugee youth encounter school in their new country. This article draws upon individual narratives of young former refugee's experiences of high schools. It explores the stories told by the young people of being identified as different and of negotiating ways of belonging in schools both academically and socially. It argues that it is how the school positions the newly arrived refugee students within mainstream school culture that opens up or restricts opportunities for inclusion in all aspects of school (in culture and pedagogy).
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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25. Who Am I? Reflecting on a Personal Journey of Self-Authorship
- Author
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Laura Vaughn
- Abstract
This reflective paper shares the experiences of a higher education professional living and working abroad and the long-term impacts of those experiences on their self-authorship journey through reflection ten years later. The story of this reflection focuses on how cultural differences and community ties helped to facilitate growth and self-confidence through navigating the challenges and complexities of living abroad in a culture with differing conventions. The paper concludes by sharing how reflecting on self-authorship during and after international experiences can help develop personal identities both as an individual and within a collective.
- Published
- 2023
26. 'American by Paper': Assimilation and Documentation in a Biliterate, Bi-Ethnic Immigrant Community
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Vieira, Kate Elizabeth
- Abstract
Calls from policymakers to assimilate immigrants through English literacy have grown urgent. Yet the 2007 U.S. Census has reported that one in five U.S. residents speaks a language other than English at home. What's more, new immigrants often settle in long-standing immigrant communities in which these non-English languages are the lingua franca. These demographic trends call for a reconceptualization of the problematic relationship of literacy to immigrant assimilation. To whom, precisely, are immigrants assimilating, especially in multi-ethnic communities? And how exactly does literacy, especially biliteracy, shape this process? Through an ethnographic investigation of how two different immigrant groups form biliterate partnerships in the quest for legal immigration papers, this essay examines how literacy and assimilation function in light of the changing writing demands of contemporary immigrant life. (Contains 8 notes.)
- Published
- 2010
27. Cultural Influences on Learner Autonomy from the Perspectives of Vietnamese EFL Learners
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Truong Thi Thuy Linh and Nguyen Van Loi
- Abstract
By investigating Vietnamese English learners' perspectives on influential cultural factors and barriers these factors bring to the development of learner autonomy, this study seeks to draw attention to proper consideration of the host cultural values in importing and implementing Western educational theories. A phenomenological approach was employed, and qualitative data were collected from in-depth interviews with 15 English majored students from a public university in the Mekong Delta. Using Hofstede et al.'s (2010) six-dimensional model of cultural differences as a theoretical framework, the study reveals that all the six dimensions, at different levels, hinder the development of learner autonomy. The study also uncovers cultural assimilation - a state in which individuals perceive a certain cultural characteristic as their personality traits without any adjustment, corresponding to the Restraint factor. These results emphasize the significance of cultural analysis and imply the need for constructing a culturally appropriate pedagogy to promote learner autonomy. The paper concludes by discussing some possible directions for further research in the field.
- Published
- 2024
28. An Exploratory Study of Mothers' Perceptions of Acculturation within the Preschool Context. Working Paper. WR-523
- Author
-
Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA., Lara-Cinisomo, Sandraluz, and Thomas, Audrey Alforque
- Abstract
This exploratory study examines the mother's perceptions of her preschooler's acculturation process, using qualitative methods to collect data from six Latino immigrant mothers about their own acculturation and that of their preschool child. Three patterns emerged: parallel dyadic acculturation, vertex dyadic acculturation, and intersegmented dyadic acculturation. One mother-child dyad were coded as parallel, defined by the complete disconnect between mother and child acculturation. Three mother-child dyads were code as vertex dyad, which is defined as the mother and child starting at the same stage of acculturation and then deviating from each other as the child's acculturation accelerates and mother's decelerates. Two dyads fell in the third dyad, intersegmented, where mother and child acculturation processes converge and separate at various points. (Contains 1 table and 3 figures.) [This paper was produced by RAND Labor and Population. It was made possible by the NIA funded RAND Center for the Study of Aging and the NICHD funded RAND Population Research Center.]
- Published
- 2007
29. Asian and Pacific Americans: An Educational Challenge. Working Papers on Meeting the Education Needs of Cultural Minorities.
- Author
-
Education Commission of the States, Denver, CO., Vongthieres, Siri, and Egan, Lawrence A.
- Abstract
This report includes (1) a paper that was written by Siri Vongthieres and Lawrence Egan regarding the educational needs of both native born and recently arrived Asian Americans, and (2) a review of that paper by Masako Ledward, LaVerne Moore, and Emiko I. Kudo. Issues discussed concerning American born Asian students include: (1) English language proficiency; (2) self concept problems as an expression of cultural conflict; (3) cultural conflict and the home environment; (4) poverty; and (5) school climate. For recent immigrants topics covered are: (1) language barriers; (2) family structures; (3) school climate; (4) parent involvement; (5) poverty; and (6) mobility and settlement patterns. The use of bilingual immersion, peer tutoring and English as a Second Language programs to meet Asian students' educational needs is reviewed with attention paid to evaluation difficulties, personnel shortages, program costs, and pertinent laws. (APM)
- Published
- 1980
30. Managing Racial Integration in BRICS Higher Education Institutions
- Author
-
Naidoo, Shantha and Shaikhnag, Noorullah
- Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were developed by the United Nations in 2015 to encompass universal respect for equality and non-discrimination regardless of race, gender, ethnicity, and cultural diversity. Since 2000, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) have aligned with SDG 4.3 by developing higher education institutions (HEIs) which aims to "By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university". This was intended to create equal opportunities and permit full realisation and prosperity of human rights and human dignity. This paper explores the effectiveness of managing racial integration in BRICS HEIs and illustrates remarkable progress in research and policy enactment. Particular attention is devoted to the period from the mid-2000s when evidence around the globe exposed the presence of many forms of violence, which inhibit management of effective racial integration. Based on case studies from selected BRICS countries (South Africa, Russia, and Brazil), this paper explores how the management of racial integration is being addressed within these contexts. [For the complete Volume 20 proceedings, see ED622631.]
- Published
- 2022
31. Glass and Paper: An Historical Study of Acculturation
- Author
-
Hodgen, Margaret T.
- Published
- 1945
32. Puerto Ricans and the Public Schools: A Critical Commentary. Working Papers on Meeting the Education Needs of Cultural Minorities.
- Author
-
Education Commission of the States, Denver, CO. and Baez, Tony
- Abstract
This paper was commissioned by the Education Commission of the States to identify the educational needs of Puerto Rican students in the mainland United States. A historical overview of Puerto Rico, Puerto Ricans, and their relationships with mainland United States is presented with a focus on the Puerto Rican emigration to the mainland. The role played by public schools in the assimilation, "Americanization," and education of Puerto Rican children is discussed. Topics examined include educational issues, bilingual education, language policy, community control, school desegregation, and legal issues. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy development. A list of possible areas of conflict during the concurrent implementation of race and national origin desegregation plans is appended. (MK)
- Published
- 1980
33. Psycho-Social Dynamics in Second Language Acquisition: A Case Study of Vietnamese Brothers. Bilingual Education Paper Series Vol. 7 No. 3.
- Author
-
California State Univ., Los Angeles. Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center. and Kessler, Carolyn
- Abstract
For second-language learners, the narration of highly personal experiences that entail strong affective relations relies on the conceptual processes underlying language. Relating personal narratives in a second language may be a highly successful communicative use of language even though extensive linguistic information for that language is lacking. Expression of the conceptual aspect becomes critical. A comparison of the narrations by two Vietnamese brothers of their departure from Vietnam and their development of a new life in the United States indicates the powerful role of psychosocial dynamics in second language acquisition, which can set up either positive or inhibiting conditions for second language development. The use of spoken personal narratives that draw on the dynamics of immigration and resettlement appears to be an indicator of active engagement of second language acquisition processes. Findings suggest that second language acquisition researchers and practitioners should look beyond the acquisition of forms and functions to gain further insight into the acquisition process. (MSE)
- Published
- 1983
34. Language Policy in Canada: Current Issues. A Selection of the Proceedings of the Papers Dealing with Language Policy Issues in Canada at the Conference 'Language Policy and Social Problems' (Curacao, Venezuela, December, 1983). Publication B-150.
- Author
-
Laval Univ., Quebec (Quebec). International Center for Research on Bilingualism. and Cobarrubias, Juan
- Abstract
The papers related to Canadian language policy at an international conference are presented: "Language Policy in Canada: Current Issues" (Juan Cobarrubias); "Multiculturalism and Language Policy in Canada" (Jim Cummins, Harold Troper); "Defining Language Policy in a Nationalistic Milieu and in a Complex Industrialized Region: the Quebec Case" (Jean-Denis Gendron); "The Impact of Minority on Language Policy and the Impact of Language Policy on Minority in Quebec" (Don Cartwright); "Facts and Fancies in Language Education of Ethnocultural Minorities" (Bruce Bain); "Language Education for Northern Canadian Native Students: A Case Study of Fort Albany, Ontario" (Kelleen Toohey); and "Multiculturalism as De-acculturation" (Claudia Persi-Haines, Ian Pringle). (MSE)
- Published
- 1985
35. English Only: The Threat of Language Restrictions. NALEO Background Paper Number 10.
- Author
-
National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials Education Fund, Washington, DC.
- Abstract
The "Official English" (OE), or "English Only," movement claims that the United States is threatened by the use of languages other than English in schools, government, and business. The OE movement is contrary to a national tradition of recognition and respect for the contributions of immigrants to American life. Restrictions on multilingualism are based on and foster an atmosphere of intolerance and xenophobia. The language restrictionist movement is based on the assumption that limited English-speaking persons do not want to learn English. Yet, cities such as New York and Los Angeles have waiting lists for English classes of 10,000 to 30,000 people. The Latino communities of Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, and New York are the prime targets of the OE efforts. Prohibiting the use of native languages is a threat to civil rights that denies access to voting, educational opportunities, and social services. Those who are serious about encouraging and enhancing the understanding and use of English should devote their efforts to the creation of more English classes and educational facilities. The following materials are appended: (1) a list of eight answers to commonly asked questions about language restriction; (2) a list of organizations opposed to OE; (3) a list of 36 references; and (4) a list of NALEO Education Fund publications. (FMW)
- Published
- 1989
36. Assimilation and Socioeconomic Advancement of Hispanics in the U.S. Staff Working Paper.
- Author
-
Population Reference Bureau, Inc., Washington, DC. and O'Hare, William P.
- Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the socioeconomic status and advancement of the Hispanic population in the United States. The study uses both socioeconomic indicators and noneconomic measures to assess the level of Hispanic assimilation, and analyzes the influence of subgroup affiliation, place of birth, and length of time since immigration on socioeconomic stratification. The paper is comprised of seven sections. Section 1, "Introduction," discusses theoretical and methodological considerations and presents a demographic overview of Hispanic Americans. Section 2, "Income and Earnings of Hispanics," finds greater declines in family income and individual earnings for Hispanics than for Whites or Blacks during the 1980s. Section 3, "Poverty and Welfare Use Among Hispanics," indicates increases in the poverty rate and number of welfare recipients. Section 4, "Education," reports increases in Hispanic educational attainment in the 1980s but a persistent lag behind that of Whites. Section 5, "Homeownership," finds Hispanics less likely than Blacks or Whites to own homes in 1986. Section 6, "Occupation and Labor Force Participation," examines trends in employment and unemployment. Section 7, "Other Measures of Assimilation and Integration," uses the following measures to analyze Hispanic assimilation: (1) English language usage; (2) residential integration; (3) intermarriage; and (4) fertility. Statistical data are presented on 29 tables. (AF)
- Published
- 1989
37. The HERO Project: Language Training for Migrants' Professional Career as Caregivers through Blended Learning
- Author
-
Soulé, María-Victoria, Stylianou, Kostas, Yerou, Christina, Xerou, Eftychia, Tsitsi, Theologia, and Charalambous, Andreas
- Abstract
The HERO project aims to develop a training program for caregivers to be working in the elderly care sector. The program is particularly addressed to caregivers from Middle Eastern and African countries as refugees and intends to help them integrate into European society. This paper seeks to offer an overview of the project, including its objectives, underlying principles, and deliverables. The paper particularly portrays the second intellectual output (O2) of the project, namely the 'On the job' training in language and terminology curriculum, which has been developed as the end product of O2. Initially, the methodology adopted to create learning material for language learning in a specific-purpose context is analyzed. Based on this, the paper provides a description of the content development by justifying and showcasing the learning material and laying out the logic behind this, through the trainers' guide. E-learning tools have been integrated in the course material, which also justifies the methodology applied for the purpose of this project. [For the complete volume, "CALL and Professionalisation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2021 (29th, Online, August 26-27, 2021)," see ED616972.]
- Published
- 2021
38. Education Provision to Nomadic Pastoralists: A Literature Review. IDS Working Paper.
- Author
-
Sussex Univ., Brighton (England). Inst. of Development Studies. and Kratli, Saverio
- Abstract
Educationally, pastoralists appear to be a paradox. From the perspective of official education, they are a complete failure, scoring badly in terms of enrollment, achievement, attainment, and gender balance. However, pastoralists are far from being unskilled. Their daily lives require them to perform tasks involving high levels of individual and social specialization. A consideration of this paradox should be central to analyses of the continuous failure, with regard to nomads, of the universal project of education. Instead, education programs appear to oppose nomadic culture at all levels--from principles and goals to evaluation. As a universal project, education has had a very broad goal of the fulfillment of all individuals as human beings and a very narrow view of educational structure and content. With regard to education of nomads, this literature review suggests that such attitude should be reversed to a broader view and focused goals. Policies should expand the view from statistics and the classroom to education as a broad phenomenon. Education for nomads should be flexible, multifaceted, and focused enough to target specific structural problems such as social and economic marginalization, lack of political representation, or coping and interacting successfully with the challenges of globalization. Sections of this literature review cover the educational rationale (education as basic need and right, education for development and integration); practical problems and solutions (mobility, remoteness, poverty, sparse population, distance education, staff, motivation, language); cultural problems (conservatism, ignorance, child labor, cultural alienation, education of girls, parent choice, relevance); impact and outcomes of education; a Mongolia case study; and key issues for future policy. (Contains 194 references.) (TD)
- Published
- 2001
39. Theory, Research, and Applications: Selected Papers from the Annual Meeting of the National Association for Bilingual Education (16th, Denver, Colorado, March 30-April 3, 1987).
- Author
-
State Univ. of New York, Buffalo. Dept. of Learning and Instruction. and Malave, Lilliam M.
- Abstract
Papers in this volume include the following: "The Theoretical Framework of Jim Cummins: A Review and Critique"; "The Development of Bilingual Behavior"; "Effective Schools Research and Language Instruction Programs"; "Reading and Writing Instruction in Three Bilingual Education Programs in Connecticut"; "Instructional Discourse in an Effective Kindergarten Classroom: A Case Study"; "Ecobehavioral Variables within a Classroom with Limited-English Proficient Students"; "Creative Reading: A Relevant Methodology for Language Minority Children"; "Teachers' Perceptions of Errors in Second Language Learning and Acquisition"; "Testing the Transfer Paradigm in Second Language Learning: The Case of Spelling Skills"; "Conducting and Evaluating Oral Tests in the Second Language Classroom";"The Competency Testing Mine Field: Validation, Legal and Ethical Issues with Implications for Minorities"; "How Can We Meet All Their Needs? Incorporating Education for the Gifted and Talented in the Multicultural Classroom"; "Comparisons of Acculturation and Education Characteristics of Referred and Non-Referred Culturally and Linguistically Different Children"; "'It's Only Half of Me.' The Interracial Child: The Need for Balance"; "School Holding Power in the U.S."; "Retention of the Latino University Student: Affirmative Action at CSULB"; "Some Research-Based Issues and Recommendations Expressed at the Seminario Internacional Sobre la Educacion Bilingue"; "Culture and the French Canadian: A Question of Survival"; "Cultural Differences or Disability: Redefining the Experience of Four Hmong Students"; and "Hmong Refugees and Educational Policy." (MSE)
- Published
- 1988
40. Proceedings: Conference on Compensatory/Remedial Education (4th, February 26-27, 1976). Occasional Paper Number 26.
- Author
-
Washington Univ., Seattle. Center for Development of Community Coll. Education., Reitan, Henry M., and Wolak, William J.
- Abstract
This report includes four papers presented at the fourth annual Conference on Compansatory/Remedial Education held by the Community College Development Center in 1976. Georgette Ioup reviews current issues in second language learning research and discusses their implications for the ESL (English as a Second Language) classroom. David Harrison describes the Downtown Study Centre established by Malaspina College (British Columbia) to provide basic skills training to adults in the community. Soren Roegdke and Greg Lynn describe the creation and operation of a special program at Clark College (Washington) to deal with the large number of Vietnamese refugees in their area; the program is tuition-free and includes intensive English training and acculturation courses. Dr. David N. McCarthy discusses the need for humanistic approaches to language arts instruction. (DC)
- Published
- 1976
41. Has the Melting Pot Worked? Discussion Papers.
- Author
-
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Inst. for Research on Poverty. and Carliner, Geoffrey
- Abstract
This paper uses data on earnings and education from the 1971 Current Population Survey to test three hypotheses of ethnic achievement and assimilation. The evidence does not support the hypothesis that differences among European ethnic groups have melted away during the three generatioons since the end of the second wave of immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe. Statistically significant differences in both education and earnings persist. The differences in earnings have definitely been narrowing over time. However, the differences in earnings do not disappear when ethnic differences in education, location, age and marital status are taken into account. However, the differences that persist are not those that the melting pot hypothesis, or other theories, of social mobility, would predict. The second wave groups, the more recent arrivals from supposedly inferior cultures, in many cases have higher average earnings with and without adjusting for other factors than the first wave groups. Although differences in education and earnings persist among European ethnic groups, contrary to the melting pot hypothesis, these differences completely contradict theories that predict that later groups or Southern and Eastern European groups should do worse than earlier or Northern and Western European groups. (Author/JM)
- Published
- 1975
42. Training Southeast Asian Women for Employment: Public Policies and Community Programs, 1975-1985. Southeast Asian Refugee Studies Occasional Papers Number Four.
- Author
-
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Southeast Asian Refugee Studies. and Mason, Sarah R.
- Abstract
This paper evaluates the effect of Federal resettlement policy on Southeast Asian refugee women's employment training programs and describes the extent to which this training contributed to the refugees' economic mobility and acculturation. The report is divided into three major sections. Part 1 introduces the study by discussing its background, purpose and conceptual framework, and data collection methods. Data were derived from a survey of key refugee leaders and resettlement personnel, a pilot study conducted in St. Paul and Minneapolis (Minnesota) (cities with large refugee populations and extensive employment training programs), and a concentrated study of nine additional sites concerning Federal resettlement policy on educational assistance to refugees. Part 2 presents an historical overview of public policy and refugee training from 1975 to 1985. Part 3 describes existing programs providing preemployment training and training for a number of different industries. The study's principal finding is that Federal employment training policy resulted in the training of large numbers of refugees for the secondary labor market. Once entering that market, however, frequent layoffs and low pay caused refugees to move back and forth between jobs and welfare. Most women's training focused on preparation for jobs in industrial sewing, electronics assembly, or the cleaning industry--all jobs involving the lowest skills and the lowest pay. Nevertheless, training programs appear to have helped refugee women acquire confidence and adapt to their new environment by providing a supportive atmosphere. (KH)
- Published
- 1986
43. Bilingual Education and Social Integration. Bilingual Education Paper Series, Vol. 7, No. 2.
- Author
-
California State Univ., Los Angeles. Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center. and Shafer, Susanne M.
- Abstract
Bilingual education programs and policies in three countries with sizable minorities, Sweden, Australia, and the Federal Republic of Germany, are examined in order to gauge both the extent to which children with limited proficiency in the dominant language are in integrated classrooms and the degree of their social integration. First, the acceptance of foreign nationals into the Swedish labor force and communities and the elaboration of social policies toward those persons are outlined. The assumptions underlying bilingual education in Sweden are discussed along with four alternative forms of classroom organization that are being tried and the level of social integration of immigrant groups. Second, bicultural education in Australia is considered in terms of Aborigine education; education about the Aborigines; the induction of immigrants; ESL instruction; supplementary bilingual education programs; social studies and foreign language education; the response of education departments to the need for teacher training; and the debate over multiculturalism versus social integration. Third, the following dimensions to bilingual education in the Federal Republic of Germany are reviewed: policies toward guestworkers, political refugees, and European Economic Community nationals; the change from segregationist to integrationist approaches to the education of guestworkers' children; difficulties in integrating foreign students academically and socially; the problems of inner city enclaves of immigrants; and the question of repatriation. (RDN)
- Published
- 1983
44. New Indian Tribalism. Working Paper.
- Author
-
Washington State White House Conference Committee on Children and Youth, Seattle. and Beckmann, Kathleen
- Abstract
The purposes of this paper are to identify the problems Washington State Indians face and to provide considerations that might assist in promoting the welfare and well-being of American Indians. It is stated that the major barrier to the Indian's success in American society is the attitude of the Anglo towards the Indian. Thus, the programs and legislative proposals designed for the Indian are usually irrelevant to reservation life. Supported by statistics, this condition is apparent in health, education, economic development, and unemployment. Education is the prime concern in achieving a new Indian life style. Obstacles to adequate education are found in the home, the environment, and the educational process. Specific obstacles in the home include inadequate study facilities, an oppressive social environment caused by crowded living conditions, inadequate income for clothing and recreation, and minimal educational heritage. The report concluded that non-Indians must be more responsive to a heterogeneous population and recognize the right of the Indian to decide his own future. (HBC)
- Published
- 1968
45. Drawing on the Personal: 'Roots' Papers in the Teaching of American History.
- Author
-
Dublin, Thomas
- Abstract
Describes an undergraduate course that draws parallels between the immigrant and ethnic experience of the students with similar issues on a national scale. The students write papers exploring their ethnic heritage and, if possible, collect oral histories from other family members. This research complements the assigned readings. (MJP)
- Published
- 1997
46. Ethnicity and Education: The Intercultural Dimension. Working Paper No. 5.
- Author
-
Urban Appalachian Council, Cincinnati, OH. and Obermiller, Phillip J.
- Abstract
The success of the United States as a nation has depended on establishing a common language, loyalty, and culture. To achieve functional normalcy among our citizens there has been an ongoing process of single culture socialization carried out predominantly through systems of public schools. But whether it is necessary or desirable to establish a nonculturally differentiated mass by means of cultural conversion and absorption needs to be examined. In response to genuine cultural variety there is a new sense of pluralism which seeks to establish a condition of parity among ethnic groups. The assumption of the new pluralism is that people will be made aware of the multicultural characteristics of American life. This touches directly upon the role of the educational system of facilitating intercultural communication. The goal of our schools must be to assist people in learning self and enable them to respect others by showing the richness inherent in the different cultural senses of reality. There is a need not only for ethnic studies programs but for an ethnicity in education through which an intercultural dimension pervades the entire curriculum. (Author/JM)
- Published
- 1974
47. Linguistics Play and Language Acquisition. Papers and Reports on Child Language Development, No. 8.
- Author
-
Stanford Univ., CA. Committee on Linguistics. and Davison, Anni
- Abstract
Concomitant with a child's acquisition of phonological, syntactic, and semantic rules of an adult language is the need to learn pragmatic and contextual abilities for proper use of the language. As early language acquisition is closely allied with play, three children aged about 22 to 40 months were observed during play activities to determine their understanding of language and behavior conventions. Joking, deliberate misleading by an adult, scolding, and humor all elicited certain reactions from the children, showing their degrees of comprehension of a situation and their ability to indulge in linguistic play. (CK)
- Published
- 1974
48. Haitians in Miami. An Assessment of their Background and Potential. Occasional Papers Series, Dialogues #12.
- Author
-
Florida International Univ., Miami. Latin American and Caribbean Center. and Stepick, Alex
- Abstract
A survey of 129 Haitians enrolled in English for Speakers of Other Languages classes in Miami, Florida, revealed that common stereotypes about Miami Haitians are wrong in virtually every respect. In fact, Miami Haitians are not a significant drain on community resources. They did not come to the United States anticipating benefits from the welfare system. They are not uneducated nor are they unskilled. To the contrary, Miami Haitians have a tremendous potential for productively contributing to United States society. They are well educated by Haitian standards and many come with readily employable skills. Their motivations for leaving Haiti are inseparably both political and economic. They possess a sound work ethic and are striving to improve themselves. Economic problems are severe, yet they confront and surmount them with virtually no help from the State welfare system. They rely largely upon opportunities and resources within Miami's own Haitian community. Yet, they do not isolate themselves from the large community around them. They work with, buy from, and live in the same neighborhoods as Cubans, Anglos, and American Blacks. In spite of the many personal difficulties they have encountered since arriving in the United States, they maintain a positive view of themselves and their experiences in United States society. If given sufficient opportunities, they are likely to adapt quickly and succeed economically. (KH)
- Published
- 1982
49. Korean Language Maintenance in Los Angeles. Professional Papers K-1.
- Author
-
National Center for Bilingual Research, Los Alamitos, CA. and Kim, Kenneth Kong-On
- Abstract
Characteristics of the Korean population in Los Angeles, intergenerational cultural problems, and efforts to promote language maintenance are described. The majority of Koreans in Los Angeles have been in the United States less than 10 years. A high percentage are from middle class and professional backgrounds. The traditional hierarchical family structure is being challenged by the younger generation that has been educated with the American values of independence and individual freedom. This conflict between children and their elders is frequently aggravated by lack of communication caused by language differences. Organized community efforts to maintain Korean language and culture include Korean churches, Korean language schools, Korean language mass media, bilingual education in public schools, and business and social organizations. The outcome of these efforts will be influenced by a variety of both negative and positive factors such as the pressure to change from both within and outside the community. (RW)
- Published
- 1981
50. Southeast Asian Refugee Youth: An Annotated Bibliography. Southeast Asian Refugee Studies Occasional Papers. Number Six.
- Author
-
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Center for Urban and Regional Affairs., Hammond, Ruth E., and Hendricks, Glenn L.
- Abstract
This annotated bibliography comprises books and articles on Southeast Asian refugee youth. It is divided into the following cross-referenced sections: (1) Adaptation and Acculturation; (2) Education; (3) Physical and Mental Health; (4) Unaccompanied Minors and Amerasian Youth; (5) Courtship and Marriage; (6) General Topics; (7) Journalism; and (8) Bibliographies. Some of the annotations are derived from abstracts included in several online data bases; others were abstracted specifically for this project. An author index is appended. (BJV)
- Published
- 1988
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