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Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease. 5‐Aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) is a novel and effective approach for severe acne vulgaris treatment. However, its specific treatment mechanism still remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential mechanism of how ALA‐PDT regulated intense inflammatory response in acne vulgaris. It appeared that ALA‐PDT suppresses proliferation and lipid secretion of primary human sebocytes. Besides, ALA‐PDT could up‐regulate the expression of CXCL8 in vivo and in vitro, amplifying the inflammatory response by recruiting T cells, B cells, neutrophils and macrophages. We also found that ALA‐PDT elevated the expression of CXCL8 via p38 pathway. SB203580, a p38 pathway inhibitor, decreased the expression of CXCL8 in sebocytes after ALA‐PDT. These findings indicate that ALA‐PDT amplifies the intense inflammatory response in the treatment of acne vulgaris via CXCL8. Our data decipher the mechanism of intense inflammatory response after ALA‐PDT for acne vulgaris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ALA-PDT inhibits lipid secretion of primary human sebocytes and induces atrophy of sebaceous gland. • ALA-PDT suppresses the expression of SREBP-1 in sebocytes. • ALA-PDT suppresses sebum secretion in the treatment of acne vulgaris through down-regulating the AMPK/SREBP-1 pathway, providing a potential mechanism of ALA-PDT for acne vulgaris. Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease around pilosebaceous unit. 5-Aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is an effective therapy for severe acne vulgaris. However, its specific treatment mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential mechanism of how ALA-PDT induced lipid secretion inhibition in acne vulgaris. Primary human sebocytes and sebaceous gland of golden hamster were treated with/without ALA-PDT. Cell viability was evaluated by Live/Dead Cell assay. Fluorescence microscope was used to observe lipids secretion in sebocytes after Nile red staining. The expression of SREBP-1 after ALA-PDT was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Regulation of ALA-PDT on AMPK/SREBP-1 was evaluated by western blot. The results showed that ALA-PDT suppressed lipid secretion of primary human sebocytes. In addition, ALA-PDT could inhibit the expression of SREBP-1 in vitro. We also found that ALA-PDT activated AMPK pathway, down-regulating the expression of SREBP-1 in sebocytes after ALA-PDT. These findings elucidate that ALA-PDT suppresses lipid secretion through AMPK/SREBP-1 pathway in treatment of acne vulgaris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ALA-PDT Augments Intense Inflammation in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris by COX2/TREM1 Mediated M1 Macrophage Polarization. [Display omitted] Severe acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease worldwide. 5-Aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is effective and safe for severe acne. However, the mechanism is not fully understood. Intense acute inflammatory response at 24 h after ALA-PDT is reported positively correlated to the effectiveness. Inflammation regulation influence the progression or outcome of diseases. ALA-PDT may exert its therapeutic effect by augmenting intense inflammation and break the chronic inflammation. This study was set out to explore the mechanism of ALA-PDT augmenting intense acute inflammation in the treatment of acne. As a result, transcriptome microarrays analysis of severe acne patients showed that ALA-PDT significantly up-regulated expression of various inflammation-related genes, especially TREM1 and PTGS2 , which were further confirmed by a C.acnes induced acne-like mouse ear model. The subsequent experiments demonstrated that ALA-PDT could trigger pro-inflammatory M1 polarization of macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the crosstalk between keratinocytes and macrophages studied by a transwell co-culture system indicated that PGE2 secreted by ALA-PDT treated HaCaT cells could promote THP-1 macrophages M1 polarization by COX2/PGE2/TLR4/TREM1 axis to augment inflammation. Our study provides a novel insight that ALA-PDT could amplify inflammation by COX2/TREM1 mediated macrophages M1 polarization for the treatment of acne. It is hoped that this research will decipher the mechanism of ALA-PDT for the treatment of acne and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the clinical ALA-PDT management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]