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Objective: To examine the association between the use of intra uterine device (IUD) and the risk of actinomycosis in postmenopausal women., Methods: We report a case of pelvic actinomycosis in a postmenopausal woman who was wearing an IUD for 14 years until 20 months after the beginning of menopause. In the last 5 years the patient had been suffering occasionally from pain, abdominal tension and rectal tenesmus. The disease was revealed clearly 18 months after removing the intrauterine device., Results: The diagnosis of pelvic actinomycosis was only possible after hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy and multiple biopsies. At histological features a focus with actynomycetes colonies was evident., Conclusions: This study supports the previously reported association between the pelvic location of actinomycosis and the use of the IUD. The removal of IUD should be mandatory in postmenopausal women.