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For the thirty-sixth year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Anaheim, California. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 2, see ED546878.]

This document presents the proceedings of 16th Annual Research Forum held June 15, 2011, at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Included herein are the following 25 action research papers: (1) The Effects of Prompted Math Journaling on Algebra 1 Students' Achievement and Attitudes (Heidi I. Arnold); (2) Group Work and Attitude (Greg Bartley); (3) Assessing How Current Events Contribute to Student Learning Outcomes in a Civics and Economics Course (LaShunda Faison); (4) What is the Impact of Inquiry-Based Instruction in a Group Setting? (Jennifer Foreman); (5) Developing Oral Language Ability in the High School Spanish Classroom (Eleanor Fuller); (6) "There's an App for That:" A Study Using Apple iPads in a United States History Classroom (Emily R. Garcia); (7) Increasing Parent Involvement: Using Newsletters to Expand School-Home Communication (Meredith Horton); (8) Guided Discovery Learning with Collaborative Discourse (Chloe Johnson); (9) Multiple Types of Assessment and Learning Styles (Jill Klinepeter); (10) Recognizing and Understanding Irony (Cederick Moore); (11) The Use of Contextualized Listening Activities to Develop Listening Comprehension in the High School Spanish Classroom (John A. Mundell); (12) The Effects of Photograph Analysis on Students' Historical Thinking Skills (Anna Newman); (13) Effective Approaches for Teaching Irony in the High School English Classroom(Carmen Peek); (14) Inspiring Instrumental Genesis through Guided Reflection (Jacob Steven Perry); (15) Global Citizenship Education in Secondary Social Studies: Utilizing Global Newspapers to Help Students Identify Global Perspectives and Bias (Andrew R. Petrilli); (16) The Use of Authentic Materials in Developing Oral and Written Language Ability in the Secondary Spanish Classroom (Amy Plyler); (17) Teaching "Habits of Mind": Impact on Students' Mathematical Thinking and Problem Solving Self-Efficacy (Cayce Poindexter); (18) The Impact of Feedback on Student Confidence, Self-Efficacy, and Attitudes Toward Mathematics (Lauren Redman); (19) Understanding Students' Ability to Recognize Irony (Grace Rishel ); (20) Improving Student Achievement through Error Analysis (Lauren Schnepper); (21) Using Homework to Improve Students' Abilities to Self-Regulate (Brian A. Smith); (22) The Use of Food as a Context to Develop Cultural Awareness in the High School Spanish Classroom (Silvia Timmerding); (23) Teaching High School Students to Identify Irony and its Effects (Sarah Vroom); (24) Recasts, Elicitation, and Praise: Tools for Oral Language Production in the High School Spanish Class (Kenneth L. Wallace, Jr.); and (25) Music and Culture in the High School Spanish Classroom (Rachel Will). (Individual papers contain references.) [Abstract revised to meet ERIC guidelines.]

This paper describes the work of teachers from United States and Belize, who took the opportunity that COVID's challenges presented to collaborate in building professional development for teachers in both locations. Leveraging both technology and relationships, educators representing a variety of skill sets, schools, and positions in Belize and in the United States, co-created seminars that were live, interactive and responsive to teacher needs in real time. We sought feedback during this professional development in real time as we have continued to follow up with participants regarding the strengths and barriers of this work. We believe the meeting of our minds and screens during these times of COVID is testimony to the power of collective struggle and triumph through our shared vision, our desire to continuously improve our teaching practice, and our commitment to collaborate as we build an increasingly knowledgeable and united teaching coalition that will continue to shape our shared future. [For the full proceedings, see ED625421.]

Background: Action research is a meaningful form of research because it is conducted by the teacher in his or her own classroom. Action research requires a teacher to design a study in an area of interest and conduct it in their own classroom. Action research is a requirement for some masters of education programs in the United States. Purpose: To examine Master degree students' experiences and insights about participating in an action research program. Two guiding research questions were examined (1) What do teachers report as the most difficult parts of the action research process? and (2) How does participation in action research impact teachers' current and future instructional practices? Setting: An Elementary Master's program in the Southeastern United States. Study Sample: 34 graduate students in an elementary MAED degree program. Research Design: Qualitative. Data Collection and Analysis: The study uses content analysis and descriptive statistics. The survey instrument used was a 14-item survey divided into three sections of questions. The first two sections utilized a Likert scale. The final section had four open ended questions. It was given to students at the conclusion of their course requiring planning for the action research project. Findings: After analysis, action research participants explained that analyzing the data was the most difficult part of the action research process. The analysis also demonstrated that teachers felt that action research positively impacted their teaching. Conclusion: Two general conclusions about the action research process emerged: action research is an effective professional process that impacts daily/future teaching, and the action research process elicits change. Citation: O'Connor, K., Greene, H., & Anderson, P. (2006, April). Action research: A tool for improving teacher quality and classroom practice. Paper Discussion Presented at the American Educational Research Association 2006 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA. (Contains 2 tables.)

In this study, the researcher examined student conceptions of "Whiteness" as it relates to past and present U.S. history. Using Critical Race Theory as the lens, this study employed mixed methods, analyzing teacher observations, classroom artifacts/student work, survey, and interview data from White students and students of color at an ethnically and economically diverse urban high school. The results showed most students could explain that race had an important role in U.S. history and could supply examples of race playing a role in specific historical events. However, students of color were more likely to express that racism is still common in the current day, while White students were more likely to express that racism is uncommon. The following are appended: (1) Interview Questions; (2) Interview Protocol; (3) Coding Dictionary; and (4) Gold Rush Lesson Handout. (Contains 2 tables.)

Action research is increasingly recognized as an important component in initial teacher education programs in different countries around the world. Either as an inquiry project conducted during a field experience, or as a research-inclusive course, action research processes are introduced to student teachers during their study period in order to support the development of reflective teachers. The present contribution briefly examines some pre-service teacher action research practices in different countries, identifies similarities and differences and discusses implications for teacher education in Turkey. [For complete volume, see ED567040.]

In an action research project, young male students from Sydney, Australia and Richmond, USA contributed to a collaborative writing blog. Both groups of students shared the same text with their class teachers, while using the medium of collaborative blogging, a process which was facilitated and managed by the teacher-librarian. Data was gathered using both qualitative and quantitative methods to determine whether the project assisted boys to become powerful, prolific and confident writers. Results indicated that the blogging process failed to provide any increase in the volume of writing; however the opportunity to share opinions and ideas globally provided motivation to write more powerfully and with increased confidence. (Contains 3 figures.)

The first volume of the 31st annual proceedings of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education conference presents plenary lectures; research forums; discussion groups; working sessions; short oral communications; and posters from the meeting. Plenary lecture papers include: (1) On Humanistic Mathematics Education: A Personal Coming of Age? (Chris Breen); (2) Certainty, Explanation and Creativity in Mathematics (Michael Otte); (3) I Need the Teacher to Tell Me If I Am Right or Wrong (Anna Sierpinska); and (4) School Mathematics and Cultivation of Mind (Jeong-Ho Woo). Plenary panel papers include: (1) Introduction to the PME Plenary Panel, "School Mathematics for Humanity Education" (Koeno Gravemeijer); (2) Humanizing the Theoretical and the Practical for Mathematics Education (Cristina Frade); (3) Making Mathematics More Mundane--A Semiotic Approach (Willibald Dorfler); (4) Mathematics: A Human Potential (Martin A. Simon); and (4) Need for Humanising Mathematics Education (Masataka Koyama). The first research forum, Learning through Teaching: Development of Teachers' Knowledge in Practice (RF01) includes: (1) A View on the Teachers' Opportunities to Learn Mathematics through Teaching (Roza Leikin and Rina Zazkis); (2) Integrating Virtual and Face-to-Face Practice: A Model for Continuing Teacher Education (Marcelo C. Borba); (3) Teachers' Learning Reified: The Professional Growth of Inservice Teachers through Numeracy Task Design (Peter Liljedahl); (4) Constraints on What Teachers Can Learn from their Practice: Teachers' Assimilatory Schemes (Martin A. Simon); and (5) What and How Might Teachers Learn via Teaching: Contributions to Closing an Unspoken Gap (Ron Tzur). The second research forum, Researching Change in Early Career Teachers (RF02), includes: (1) Introduction (Peter Sullivan); (2) Researching Relief of Mathematics Anxiety among Pre-Service Elementary School Teachers (Markku S. Hannula, Peter Liljedahl, Raimo Kaasila, and Bettina Rosken);(3) Teachers' Learning from Learning Studies: An Example of Teaching and Learning Fractions in Primary Four (Lo Mun Ling and Ulla Runesson); (4) Tracking Teachers' Learning in Professional Development Centered on Classroom Artifacts (Lynn T. Goldsmith and Nanette Seago); (5) Teacher Change in the Context of Addressing Students' Special Needs in Mathematics (Orit Zaslavsky and Liora Linchevski); (6) Researching Change in Prospective and Beginning Teachers (Laurinda Brown and Alf Coles); and (7) Summary and Conclusions (Markku S. Hannula). Information relating to discussion groups, working sessions, short oral communications, and poster presentations conclude this volume of the 31st proceedings. (Individual papers contain references.)

This document contains the second volume of the proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. Conference presentations are centered around the theme "Mathematics at the Centre." This volume features 60 research reports by presenters with last names beginning between Abr and Dri: (1) The Odds of Understanding the Law of Large Numbers: A Design for Grounding Intuitive Probability in Combinatorial Analysis (Dor Abrahamson and Rose M. Cendak); (2) Imaginary-Symbolic Relations, Pedagogic Resources and the Constitution of Mathematics for Teaching in In-Service Mathematics Teacher Education (Jill Adler and Zain Davis); (3) Relationship between Pre-Service Mathematics Teachers' Teaching and Learning Beliefs and Their Practices (Hatice Akkoc and Feral Ogan-Bekiroglu); (4) Teachers' Awareness of Dimensions of Variation: A Mathematics Intervention Project (Thabit Al-Murani); (5) The Student Teacher and the Others: Multimembership on the Process of Introducing Technology in the Classroom (Nelia Amado and Susana Carreira); (6) Improving Student Teachers' Understanding of Fractions (Solange Amorim Amato); (7) Autodidactic Learning of Probabilistic Concepts through Games (Miriam Amit and Irma Jan); (8) Graduate Students' Processes in Generating Examples of Mathematical Objects (Samuele Antonini); (9) Reasoning in an Absurd World: Difficulties with Proof by Contradiction (Samuele Antonini and Maria Alessandra Mariotti); (10) Will Penelope Choose Another Bridegroom? Looking for an Answer through Signs (Ferdinando Arzarello, Luciana Bazzini, Francesca Ferrara, Ornella Robutti, Cristina Sabena, and Bruna Villa); (11) Motivation and Perceptions of Classroom Culture in Mathematics of Students across Grades 5 to 7 (Chryso Athanasiou and George N. Philippou); (12) Deductive Reasoning: Different Conceptions and Approaches (Michal Ayalon and Ruhama Even); (13) The Tendency to Use Intuitive Rules among Students with Different Piagetian Cognitive Levels (Reuven Babai); (14) Coming to Appreciate the Pedagogical Uses of CAS (Lynda Ball and Kaye Stacey); (15) Students' Conceptions of "m" and "c": How to Tune a Linear Function (Caroline Bardini and Kaye Stacey); (16) A Contradiction between Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Teaching Indications (Ibrahim Bayazit and Eddie Gray); (17) Identifying and Supporting Mathematical Conjectures through the Use of Dynamic Software (David Benitez Mojica and Manuel Santos Trigo); (18) Students Constructing Representations for Outcomes of Experiments (Palma Benko and Carolyn A. Maher); (19) Logarithms: Snapshots from Two Tasks (Tanya Berezovski and Rina Zazkis); (20) Trying to Reach the Limit--The Role of Algebra in Mathematical Reasoning (Christer Bergsten); (21) Semiotic Sequence Analysis--Constructing Epistemic Types Empirically (Angelika Bikner-Ahsbahs); (22) Service Teaching: Mathematical Education of Students of Client Departments (Erhan Bingolbali, John Monaghan, and Tom Roper); (23) Students' Thinking about the Tangent Line (Irene Biza, Constantinos Christou, and Theodossios Zachariades); (24) Habermas' Theory of Rationality as a Comprehensive Frame for Conjecturing and Proving in School (Paulo Boero); (25) Extending Students' Understanding of Decimal Numbers via Realistic Mathematical Modeling and Problem Posing (Cinzia Bonotto); (26) Different Media, Different Types of Collective Work in Online Continuing Teacher Education: Would You Pass the Pen, Please? (Marcelo C. Borba and Rubia B. A. Zulatto); (27) Reformulating "Mathematical Modelling" in the Framework of the Anthropological Theory of Didactics (Marianna Bosch, Fco. Javier Garcia, Josep Gascon, and Luisa Ruiz Higueras); (28) Students' Impressions of the Value of Games for the Learning of Mathematics (Leicha A. Bragg); (29) The Transition from Arithmetic to Algebra: To Reason, Explain, Argue, Generalize and Justify (Trygve Breiteig and Barbro Grevholm); (30) Resisting Reform Pedagogy: Teacher and Learner Contributions (Karin Brodie); (31) Manifestations of Affordances of a Technology-Rich Teaching and Learning Environment (TRTLE) (Jill P. Brown); (32) Types of Representations of the Number Line in Textbooks (Alicia Bruno and Noemi Cabrera); (33) Educational Neuroscience: New Horizons for Research in Mathematics Education (Stephen R. Campbell); (34) Variability in a Probability Context: Developing Pre-Service Teachers' Understanding (Daniel L. Canada); (35) Implementing a Reform-Oriented Mathematics Syllabus: A Survey of Secondary Teachers (Michael Cavanagh); (36) Student's Modelling with a Lattice of Conceptions in the Domain of Linear Equations and Inequations (Hamid Chaachoua, Marilena Bittar, and Jean-Francois Nicaud); (37) Using Reading and Coloring to Enhance Incomplete Prover's Performance in Geometry Proof (Ying-Hao Cheng and Fou-Lai Lin); (38) Aspects of Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge for Decimals (Helen Chick, Monica Baker, Thuy Pham, and Hui Cheng); (39) Collaborative Action Research on Implementing Inquiry-Based Instruction in an Eighth Grade Mathematics Class: An Alternative Mode for Mathematics Teacher Professional Development (Erh-Tsung Chin, Yung-Chi Lin, Yann-Tyng Ko, Chi-Tung Chien, and Hsiao-Lin Tuan); (40) Routine and Novel Mathematical Solutions: Central-Cognitive or Peripheral-Affective Participation in Mathematics Learning (Mei-Shiu Chiu); (41) The Role of Self-Generated Problem Posing in Mathematics Exploration (Victor V. Cifarelli and Jinfa Cai); (42) A Longitudinal Study of Children's Mental Computation Strategies (Barbara Clarke, Doug M. Clarke, and Marj Horne); (43) Assessing Fraction Understanding Using Task-Based Interviews (Doug M. Clarke, Michal Sukenik, Anne Roche, and Annie Mitchell); (44) Evaluation of a Teaching Concept for the Development of Problem Solving Competences in Connection with Self-Regulation (Christina Collet and Regina Bruder); (45) Developing Probability Thinking in Primary School: A Case Study on the Constructive Role of Natural Language in Classroom Discussions (Valeria Consogno, Teresa Gazzolo, and Paulo Boero); (46) Collaboration with Teachers to Improve Mathematics Learning: Pedagogy at Three Levels (Tom J. Cooper, Annette R. Baturo, and Edlyn J. Grant); (47) "Aim High--Beat Yourself": Effective Mathematics Teaching in a Remote Indigenous Community (Tom J. Cooper, Annette R. Baturo, Elizabeth Warren, and Edlyn J. Grant); (48) Development of Children's Understanding of Length, Area, and Volume Measurement Principles (Margaret Curry, Michael Mitchelmore, and Lynne Outhred; (49) Mathematics-for-Teaching: The Cases of Multiplication and Division (Brent Davis, Elaine Simmt, and Dennis Sumara); (50) Generative Concept Images (Gary E. Davis and Catherine A. Pearn); (51) Developmental Assessment of Data Handling Performance Age 7-14 (Pauline Davis, Maria Pampaka, Julian Williams, and Lawrence Wo); (52) The Effect of Different Teaching Tools in Overcoming the Impact of the Intuitive Rules (Eleni Deliyianni, Eleni Michael, and Demetra Pitta-Pantazi); (53) Investigating Social and Individual Aspects in Teacher's Approaches to Problem Solving (Fien Depaepe, Erik De Corte, and Lieven Verschaffel); (54) Maths Avoidance and the Choice of University (Pietro Di Martino and Francesca Morselli); (55) Primary Students' Reasoning about Diagrams: The Building Blocks of Matrix Knowledge (Carmel M. Diezmann); (56) Integrating Errors into Developmental Assessment: "Time" for Ages 8-13 (Brian Doig, Julian Williams, Lawrence Wo, and Maria Pampaka); (57) Vygotsky's Everyday Concepts/Scientific Concepts Dialectics in School Context: A Case Study (Nadia Douek); (58) Creating Mathematical Models with Structures (Katherine Doyle); (59) Mechanisms for Consolidating Knowledge Constructs (Tommy Dreyfus, Nurit Hadas, Rina Hershkowitz, and Baruch Schwarz); and (60) Reconciling Factorizations Made with CAS and with Paper-and-Pencil: The Power of Confronting Two Media (Paul Drijvers, Carolyn Kieran, Andre Boileau, Fernando Hitt, Denis Tanguay, Luis Saldanha, and Jose Guzman). (Individual papers contain references.)

The first volume of the 29th annual conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education contains plenary lecture and research forum papers as listed below. Short oral communications papers, poster presentations, brief summaries of discussion groups, and working sessions are also included in the volume. The plenary lectures include: (1) Modelling Students' Learning in Argumentation and Mathematics Proof (Fou-Lai Lin); (2) Travelling the Road to Expertise (Stacey); (3) Telling Identities (Sfar and Prusak); and (4) Co-Constructing Artefacts and Knowledge in Net-Based Teams (Reimann). The plenary panel section includes: (1) What Do Studies Like PISA Mean to the Mathematics Education Community? (Jones); (2) From a Profile to the Scrutiny of Student Performance (Yoshinori); (3) The PISA-Study (Neubrand); (4) Some Results from the PISA 2003 International Assessment of Mathematics Learning (Kieran); and (5) The Foundation and Spectacle of [the Leaning Tower of] PISA (Williams). The first research forum (RF01) includes: (1) Not Everything Is Proportional (De Brock, Van Dooren, and Verschaffel); (2) Designing Instruction on Proportional Reasoning with Average Speed (Gravemeijer, van Galen, and Keijzer); (3) Folding Perimeters (Friedlander and Arcavi); and (4) The Dolls' House Classroom (Ainley and Pratt). The second research forum (RF02) includes: (1) Shaping a Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Signs (Arzarello, Ferrara, Robutti, Paola, and Sabena); (2) Working with Artefacts (Bussi and Maschietto); (3) The Role of Gestures in Mathematical Discourse (Edwards); (4) Connecting Talk, Gesture, and Eye Motion for the Microanalysis of Mathematics Learning (Ferrara and Nemirovsky); (5) Why Do Gestures Matter? Gestures as Semiotic Means of Objectification (Radford); (6) Gestures, Signs and Mathematisation (Williams); and (7) Building Intellectual Infrastructure to Expose and Understand Ever-Increasing Complexity (Kaput). The third research forum (RF03) includes: (1) Using Growth Points to Describe Pathways for Young Children's Number Learning (Gervasoni); (2) Number Attainment in Sri Lankan Primary Schools (Hart); and (3) Mathematics Recovery (Pearn). The fourth research forum (RF04) includes: (1) The Place of Theory in Mathematics Education Research (Lester, Jr.); (2) Theories of Mathematics Education (Lerman); (3) The Articulation of Symbol and Mediation in Mathematics Education (Armella); (4) Using Theory to Advance Our Understandings of Student Cognitive Development (Pegg and Tall); (5) Trends in the Evolution of Models and Modeling Perspectives on Mathematical Learning and Problem Solving (Lesh and English); and (6) Issues and Tendencies in German Mathematics-Didactics (Torner and Sriraman). (Individual papers contain references.)

The self- and group-initiated and on-the-job learning activities of low-income women were explored in a study of a small group of low-income mothers living in the greater Vancouver area of British Columbia, Canada. During the study, the low-income women attended meetings during which a participating researcher documented the women's experiences. The researcher collected additional data through e-mail conversations with the women. The women's first income-generating project involved making gift baskets of homemade foods and ready-to-use mixes. In their second major venture, the women made connections with selected nonprofit organizations in the United States and Central America and purchased handcrafted items from the cooperatives for resale. Their third venture was to create a World Wide Web-based catalogue where other nonprofit groups could purchase space to sell their handmade crafts. During these ventures, the women also explored a wide range of sources for obtaining grants to support their endeavors and made connections with other women's groups via the Internet. The women's activities provided evidence of the diverse learning paths emerging form various income-generating group projects and illustrated their efforts to work cooperatively in a spirit of entrepreneurship. The study also illustrated the possibilities of using academic resources and activist-oriented research to work in solidarity with low-income women. (MN)

This document contains 95 papers and summaries of 5 poster sessions from an Australian conference on putting vocational education and training (VET) research to work. The following are among the areas covered in the papers: factors affecting VET graduates' employability over time; technical and further education (TAFE) institutes as models of learning organizations; school noncompleters' outcomes in VET; increasing disabled students' participation in VET; VET management; bringing research and policy development together; innovative and flexible approaches to training package implementation; online support for VET clients; work-based learning; self-determined learning in the workplace; quality control and employability; using statistical software to interpret educational research; moving from andragogy to heutagogy in VET; drivers of learning cultures within organizations; VET practices in foreign countries; action research as action learning; challenges facing TAFE teachers; urban disadvantage and provider equity strategies; factors preventing uptake of apprenticeships and traineeships among secondary school adolescents; literacy and first-line management; performance level assessment; linkages between adult continuing education and VET; using training indicators to improve VET planning; student experiences of generic competency learning; managing the transformation to an e-learning organization; learning from small enterprise structured work placements; and using research to inform business and strategic decisions. Many papers include substantial bibliographies. (MN)

This document contains 127 papers and innovative sessions and three poster sessions presented at a conference on human resource development (HRD). A program overview, author index, keyword index, and a CD-ROM version of the document are also included. The papers are grouped by the conference's 44 symposiums, which were devoted to the following topics: action learning; integrating university and corporate learning with work; HRD in Asia; distance learning; HRD in Latin America; trust in organizations; global team development; coaching and knowledge transfer; ethics and integrity in HRD; organization values; issues in evaluation; global knowledge transfer issues; leadership development; transfer of learning; HRD theory; organizational development; the role of HRD in women's career development; knowledge management and human capital; organizational change; university programs; theory building; human resource management issues; workplace learning; managerial performance issues; improving learning with technology; professional development; informal learning; emotions and behavior in the workplace; evaluation in HRD; organizational enhancement; workplace learning issues; managing the HRD function; career development issues; research issues in HRD; adult learning; learning organizations; measurement and research tools; assessment and evaluation modeling; issues in training; workplace issues in human resources; executive and management development; HRD and small manufacturers; motivation for improving performance; and redefining HRD. Most papers include substantial bibliographies. (MN)

This document contains 35 papers and 4 symposia/poster sessions presented at a Canadian conference on the study of adult education. The following papers are among those included: "Adult Education on the Internet: New Dawn Breaking or Sky Falling?" (Archer); "'Shapeshifting': Negotiating Identity in First Nations Adult Education" (Atleo, Atleo); "Beginning to Unravel Our Conceptions of Reflective Practice: Reflecting On A Definition of Reflective Practice" (Benjamin et al.); "A Critical History of National Adult Literacy Policy in Tanzania and Recent Canadian Project Experience" (Blunt); "The Impossible Issue of Professionalization for Adult Educators in Quebec" (Bouchard); "Identities and The Changing Community College Landscape" (Brewer); "The Sound of Clashing Cultures: Coordinating External Training In An Academic Department" (Church, Foth); "Lost in Space: Reinventing Ourselves as Learners on The New Frontier" (Conrad); "Spiritual Possibilities of Informal Learning" (English); "Experiential Learning Revisited" (Brillinger); "Good Work! Redefining Academic Values From a Critical Feminist Perspective" (Gouthro); "Canadian and US Academic Adult Education (1917-1970)" (Grace); "Experiential Learning: Who Benefits Who Loses?" (Grosjean); "Social Movements and Professional Cadre: The Formation Of An Aboriginal Teacher Education Program" (Hesch); "'But I'm Not A Therapist': The Challenge of Creating Effective Literarcy Learning For Survivors of Trauma" (Horsman); "Knowledge Construction In The Virtual Classroom" (Kanuka, Kreber); "Response-ability For Writing Research That Honors Practitioners' Ways of Knowing" (Lander); "Can We Design Culturally Sensitive Interactive Distance Education? Maybe" (Lauzon); "Reducing Communicative Distortion in the Cyber-Learning Paradigm" (Petlock); "Mapping the Fault Line: The Rise of Professionalization and the Fall of Social Policy in North American Adult Education" (Quigley); "A Framework for a Cultural Materialist Approach to Adult Learning" (Sawchuk); "Public and Private Relationships for Adult Educators" (Scott); "From Learning to Credential: PLAR (Prior Learning Assessment and Recognition)" (Spencer et al.); "It Takes Two to Tango: Defining the Century as a Discourse Between Learning and Education" (Thomas); "A New Initiative for Continuing Professional Development" (Wright, Einsiedel, Jr.). Most papers contain author abstracts in both English and French. (AJ)

The Early Childhood Teacher Education Program at Vaxjo University in Sweden and Early Childhood Studies Program at the University of Minnesota, Duluth, have established a three-part, collaborative, research-based international project to improve early childhood teacher education. One aspect of the program is a two-tiered student exchange. Undergraduate teacher education students attend classes at each other's university during the regular academic year, and graduate, in-service students attend intensive summer courses at each other's campuses during the summer. Another aspect of the project is an ongoing collaborative faculty research project. Survey and interview research students involving parents and practicing professionals have been completed and published in both countries. Findings indicate a more inner-directed, group-oriented approach to teacher education in Sweden, and a more outer-directed, individualistic approach in the United States. The final aspect of the project is a combination of student exchange and research. Advanced students who are currently teaching have become involved in action research where questions of mutual interest (e.g., parent involvement and integrated curricula) have been studied in each country and the results shared. Further, new models of practice have been implemented in each country through graduate research with an international component. (AC)

This collection of studies represents collaboration between the Departments of Education of the University of Wales Swansea and the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. The papers are as follows: (1) "Analysing the Social Climate of Schools and Classrooms" (Robert W. Bilby); (2) "Reading Whose World?" (Diane Cannon); (3) "The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics' Standards: Systemic Change for the Twenty-first Century" (M. Elizabeth Cason); (4) "Developing Baseline Assessment: A Useful Tool or a Necessary Evil?" (Gill Harper-Jones); (5) "A Critical Analysis of Identification, Evaluation, Placement and Programming Processes for Students in the United States Who Are Identified as Having Exceptional Needs" (Hal Hiebert); (6) "The Effects of Recent Government Policy on the Provision of English Language Instruction for Children of Ethnic Minorities in South Wales" (Graham Howells); (7) "Cooperative Learning in the Workshop: Integrating Social Skills, Group Roles and Processing to Facilitate Learning in the Integrated Language Arts Classroom" (Carol A. Kirk); (8) "Issues and Concerns: Meeting Needs of Teachers Who Work with At-Risk Youth" (Bob Krajewski); (9) "Inservice Education for Teachers through the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse Continuing Education and Extension" (Barbara Manthei); (10) "Reconnecting Educators: The Responsibility of University Faculty to Public School Faculty--a UW-La Crosse Case Study" (James R. Parker); (11) "Education Policy Making in Wales: A Research Agenda" (Robert Phillips); (12) "Issues and Trends in American Education from the Perspective of an Educator/Student" (Marilyn Pitzner); (13) "Developing Thinking Skills in Mathematics" (Sonia Jones and Howard Tanner); and (14) "The Role of the Subject Head of Department in Secondary Schools--A Neglected Area of School Effectiveness Research?" (C. K. Turner). (ND)

This CD-ROM contains 693 papers on university teaching and research in the education of adults that were presented during the 27-year period from 1970 through 1997. The CD-ROM is designed to be used with the Macintosh, Windows 95, and Windows 3.1 operating systems and Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format (version 3), which is included along with the papers. Papers can be accessed by clicking titles in lists of papers from each year's proceedings; clicking paper titles listed in an alphabetically arranged list of key words; and searching for a word or combination of words associated with paper titles, authors, and key words. Free text searches can also be performed. The following are among the topics covered in significant numbers of papers: adult education; adult basic education; adult educators; adult learning; adult students; adult vocational education; aging; andragogy; behavioral objectives; community education; community development; competency-based education; computer-assisted instruction; counseling; course content; course evaluation; curriculum design/development; educational finance; educational practices; educational principles; educational research; educational theories; evaluation methods; further education; labor education; learning processes; learning theories; lifelong education; literacy education; National Vocational Qualifications; older adults; professional continuing education; professional development; reflective practice; research design; research needs; research utilization; student and teacher attitudes; and women's education. (MN)

Curriculum research is reviewed. In Part 1, a survey is reported that was designed to: (1) acquire information on action research projects in Ireland (North and South), the United Kingdom, and the United States; (2) determine the principal method of data collection; (3) identify the rank-order priority of constraints on research; (4) classify studies as practical, scientific, or critical; (5) identify reasons for action research; and (6) identify influential action researchers and exemplars. The following factors were identified and rank-ordered as constraints on action research: time to do research; lack of resources; problems in school organization; acquiring skills and knowledge to conduct research; division of labor in curriculum research; and the language of educational research. In Part 2, aspects of the three-nation action research project are discussed, focusing on models of action research labeled scientific, collaborative, and critical conceptions. It is argued that educational institutions and publishers have tended to constrain the development of an international conception of educational action research. Contains 28 references. (KM)

The following are among the 104 papers included: "Vocational Education and Training Partnerships in Remote Aboriginal Communities" (Arnott, Dembski); "Participation in Adult Education" (Benn); "Learning Organisations" (Bierema); "A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Institutional Dynamics Involved in a University's Response to an Allegation of Racism" (Bishop); "An Analysis and Critique of Transformation Theory and Adult Learning" (Boucouvalas); "Research in Adult Learning" (Brew); "Reforming Australian Education and Training" (Brown); "Challenging Metrocentrism" (Butler); "Life at the Glass Ceiling" (Caffarella, Clark, Ingram); "Crossing Borders and Breaking Boundaries" (Cavanagh); "Learning as a Non-unitary Self" (Clark); "New Education Policy Directions in South Africa" (Cooper); "Globalisation and a Pedagogy of (Dis)location" (Edwards, Usher); "Learning to Learn" (Ettling, Hayes); "Postgraduate Education and Adult Education" (Ferrier); "The Significance of African-American Language and Learning in an Adult Education Context" (Flowers, Sheared); "Intimate Cultures of Learning" (Fraser, West); "Technologies of Compliance in Training" (Garrick, Solomon); "Learning Trajectories" (Gorard et al.); "The Political/Economic Boundary of Adult and Continuing Education" (Grosjean); "Crossing Borders in Research in Adult Education" (Hake); "The Practice of Guidance in an Employee Development Programme" (Harrison); "Demand and Supply of Adult Education and Training" (Houtkoop); "Beyond Facilitation in Adult Education" (Johnson-Bailey, Cervero); "Epistemology of Groups as Learning Systems" (Kasl, Marsick); "Vocational Education and Really Useful Knowledge" (Kilminster); "Is There a Boundary between Formal and Nonmoral Education?" (Kilpatrick); "Identifying Groups of Learners through the Use of Learning Strategies" (Kolody, Conti, Lockwood); "Understanding Adult Student Learning Using Theories of Academic Literacy" (Lea); "Working Class Culture, Adult Education and Informal Learning" (Livingstone); "Action-Based Research" (Lucas, Davies, Cochrane); "Restructuring Adult Education" (McIntyre); "Afri-centricity" (Mashengele); "Boundaries and Quality" (Millar); "Challenging Boundaries in Adult and Higher Education through Technological Innovation" (Miller, Leung, Kennedy); "Minority Women at the Iron Borders of Academe" (Mojab); "Research Findings on the Effectiveness of Guided Imagery/Visualisation as a Technique in the Facilitation of Transformative Learning" (Morton); "Workers as Learners and Learners as Workers" (Payne); and "On Formal, Non-formal Lifelong Learning" (Percy). (MN)