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Thermal decomposition of 1-(ferrocenyl)ethanol was carried out under N2 and O2 atmospheres. Peak deconvolution method was used to separate the overlapped peaks and hence to obtain the temperature range of individual reactions. The decomposition followed two steps for N2 atmosphere while for O2 atmosphere three steps were observed. The integral iso-conversional methods (FWO, KAS, Tang, Starink, Vyazovkin and Akbi) were used to estimate the activation energy. The activation energies estimated are comparatively higher for FWO method in comparison to other methods while that estimated following other methods are quite close. Step-wise reaction mechanism functions have been determined. Simulated conversion plots were compared with the experimentally observed plots, and their close agreement implied the accuracy of the kinetic method adopted for analysis. Utilising the estimated kinetic parameters, thermodynamic parameters (ΔS, ΔH and ΔG) were calculated. All estimated kinetic and thermodynamic parameters indicate the strong influence of gaseous medium used for solid state thermal decomposition. Thermally decomposed materials were characterized with powder XRD, SEM and EDX studies. From the characterization results it was concluded that thermal decomposition of 1-(ferrocenyl)ethanol led to the formation of nanocrystalline iron oxides only in oxidative atmosphere. It was proposed that at the initial state of decomposition magnetite might have formed as an intermediate which with increase of temperature first converted to maghemite and then gradually to hematite. The present study, through kinetic analysis and characterization of the decomposed materials, convincingly establishes the significant effect of the reaction atmosphere on the thermal decomposition of an organo-iron compound as well as the nature of the material produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the kinetics data of glass wool (GW) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulation materials used in cladding systems using a systematic framework. The determination of appropriate kinetic properties, such as pre-exponential factors, activation energy and reaction orders, is crucial for accurately modelling the full-scale fire performance of insulation materials. The primary objective of this research is to extract thermal and kinetics data of XPS and GW insulation materials employed in high-rise buildings. To obtain these properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is conducted at four different heating rates: 5, 10, 15 and 20 K/min. The TGA results serve as the basis for determining the kinetic properties using a combination of model-free and model-based methods. The outcomes of this study are expected to be highly beneficial in defining the pyrolysis reaction steps and extracting kinetics data for fire modelling of such insulation materials. This information will enhance the understanding of the fire behaviour and performance of these materials during fire incidents, aiding in developing more accurate fire models and improving fire safety strategies for cladding systems in high-rise buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]