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In spite of the complications after expander use the advantages of local plastics predetermine constant return to the method. Systemic use of hypoxic training produces stimulating effect on the skin microcirculation and can be used widely in clinical surgical practice in cases of local plastic operations to prevent possible complications reducing consequences of blood supply disturbance and tissue oxygen provision. The method of hypoxic adaptation let us receive as non-medicamentous mean to prepare for shorter period of time more vital flap.

The new classifications of hypoxical, hypo- and hypercapnical conditions are elaborated. They take into account the ecological factors in the development of various kinds of exogenic hypoxia, hypercapnia. For the first time the positive sides of physiological hypoxia and hypercapnia are brought in. In all classification til the last days hypoxia was considered as pathological process only. However hypoxia can be met in different physiologic conditions of organism: internal period of fetus development, hard physical work, increased sportsmen activity, hypoxia after hearty meal, hypoxia of aged organism. The same it is possible to say about the hypo- and hypercapnical conditions.

After surgical denervation of sinocarotid reflexogenic zones and bilateral glomectomy in white laboratory rats oxygen consumption, rectal temperature, rate of cardial contractions and thermoregulatory activity of skeletal muscles display authentic increase. Glomectomy results in decreasing calorigecic effect of noradrenaline. Compensatory increase of thermoregulatory activity of sceletal muscles in response to beta-adrenogenic blocade with inderal in post-glomectomic animals is authentically less, than before inactivation of carotid receptors. In animals after carotid glomectomy resistance to acute hypoxia is clearly reduced. True reduction of number of erythrocytes, of hemoglobin concentration, of hematocrite parameter in post glomectic animals was found, which indicates anemisation phenomena. It was found that glomectomy after adaptation of animals in the mountains of Tien Shan at the height of 3200 m during 30 days didn't substantively change resistance to acute hypoxia. Resistance to acute hypoxia of animals living on mountains (susliks, marmots) is higher than of animals living on plains. Glomectomy performed on animals living on mountain resulted in an insignificant decrease in resistance to acute hypoxia. Resistance to acute hypoxia in postglomectic animals was found to be directly linked with absolute amount of hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte number. In that way denervation of sinocarotid reflexogenic zones and bilateral glomectomy is an adequate method of comparative research of functions regulation mechanism during formation of adaptive responses in animals in dependence of various factors of external environment in norm, as well, as in pathology.

Geomagnetic effects on quantitative characteristics of alpha-rhythm were assessed by shifts in electroencephalograms recorded in 126 essentially healthy human subjects and changes in lipid metabolism in the cortex and white matter in 140 white rats. Indices of the geomagnetic activity were D, H and Z-components. The method of "epoch superposition" revealed an inconsistent alpha-rhythm depression and flattening out of the interhemispheric functional asymmetry against persistently high electrical activity in the right hemisphere, and biochemical asymmetry in consequence of different lipid transformation processes. Spotlighted were some nonspecific adaptive reactions to changes in the environment and stressful agents.

The paper reports the data of comparative study of the cardiorespiratory function in healthy males (19-22 year old) from the countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America lying within the tropic climatic-geographical zone during acute adaptation to the nature and the climate of the middle zone of Russia. The distinctions in respiration, circulation and gas exchange functions in the natives of different climatic-geographical zones were found as during comparative rest so under the combined effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia induced by the rebreathing test and ascribed to the environmental-genetic constitutional properties of the body and the chronobiological characteristics of the place of abode. Reactivity to the combined effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia in different groups is predominantly a function of unequal contributions of hemodynamics and pulmonary ventilation. A relatively low effectiveness of the cardiorespiratory system in representatives of the South-East Asia during acute adaptation was established. These results demonstrate the benefits of the hypoxic-hypercapnic test for determining functional potentials of the cardiorespiratory system in the context of adaptation to a new environment.

An overview contains the analysis of controversial literary data on possible therapeutic and pathogenic effects of electromagnetic fields on humans. The non-specific character of body shifts induced by electromagnetic fields with a prevalence of adaptive reactions at the onset and an emergence of dysadaptive processes during extremely long exposure was displayed. The leading role in the development of a therapeutic or pathogenic effect is played by the functional characteristics of an individual postulating the interaction of cumulative and adaptive processes in the body during long-term exposure in an electromagnetic field.

The purpose of this study was analysis of forensic medical aspects of macro- and trace element composition of hairs of the head in the residents of Mexico, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia and changes in this characteristic during adaptation to conditions of Central Russia. One of our tasks was to define expert criteria for differentiation between the hairs belonging to residents of these countries and Russia. A total of 136 hairs were examined by spectral approximated quantitative analysis using DFS-13 spectrographer. The detected regularity consisted in the following: adaptation of residents of Latin America to conditions of Central Russia was associated with disappearance of some elements and appearance of other ones characteristic of residents of Central Russia (Byelorussians, Russians, Ukrainians).

A study was carried out to investigate exercise tolerance, gas exchange and external respiration of Latin-American students who lived in Moscow for a year. As controls Soviet students residing in and around Moscow were used. The above parameters were measured at a different time of the day in response to a hypercapnic exposure. Exercise tolerance was determined using the test PWC170. External respiration and gas exchange were investigated at rest and during 5 min exercises with a load of 1 and 2 Wt/kg body weight. CO2 sensitivity was determined by means of the rebreathing method. In the evening the Latin-American students showed a trend towards an increase of the cardiorespiratory activity and exercise tolerance. The Soviet students did not display changes in exercise tolerance. The Latin-American students showed an increase in the morning and a decrease in the evening of external respiration reactions. The Soviet students exhibited opposite variations. Direct alveolar measurements demonstrated an increase of pCO2 in the alveolar air in the Latin-American students in the evening and a decrease of the parameter in the Soviet students. It is suggested that cyclic changes in external respiration in response to hypercapnia are associated with exercise tolerance.

Physiological validation of an artificial atmosphere in manned cabins of flying vehicles remains to be one of the major biomedical problems. It has been experimentally demonstrated that oxygen and carbon dioxide are closely related in vital processes, acting as antagonists or synergists. Changing their content in an enclosure, it is possible to influence the function of the human body and to correct its deconditioning due to prolonged hypokinesia. Active mountain adaptation accompanied by a marked mobilization of physiological systems seems to train and activate functional reserves of the body, making them more adequate to tolerate extreme effects.

The influence of adaptation to moderate hypoxia on anticonvulsive resistance of low tolerant rats has been investigated. Focal epilepsy was induced by penicillin application to sensorimotor cortex of the rat brain. Adaptation to hypoxia has been shown to increase the resistance of rats to epileptogenic penicillin effect which is manifested in the prolongation of the latent period of epileptiform discharges and less frequent epileptic fits. The mechanisms of the resistance increase remains to be investigated.

It has been shown in experiments on white male rats that there is a correlation between hypoxia tolerance and the rate of metabolism in brain tissue. Animals with varying tolerance to hypoxia differed also in the acid-base balance of venous blood outflowing from the brain. While adapting to hypoxia animals with high individual tolerance developed the main metabolic changes in the reticular formation and those with low tolerance in the cerebral cortex. During adaptation to hypoxia animals with high and low tolerance had varying changes in acid-base balance. The data obtained allow the conclusion that there is a correlation between the rate of brain tissue metabolism, acid-base balance of jugular vein blood and individual animals' tolerance to hypoxia.