10 results on '"Adaptacionismo"'
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2. Metodologia das Explicações Adaptacionistas
- Author
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Edson Claudio Mesquita
- Subjects
Philosophy ,lcsh:Philosophy (General) ,lcsh:B ,adaptacionismo ,evolução ,seleção natural ,explicação científica ,valores cognitivos ,adaptationism ,evolution ,natural selection ,scientific explanation ,cognitive values ,General Medicine ,lcsh:Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,lcsh:B1-5802 - Abstract
This paper theme is linked to the discussion concerning the explanatory power of the adaptationist program, which is mainly based on the process of natural selection. The themes presented and discussed here will be methodologically outlined to present, at the end, the theoretical framework from which the adaptationism may have been located within a broad discussion on evolution. However, the thesis that adaptationist explanations are the most effective and trusted ones among other existing alternatives and that should be, therefore, the most used in the scientific circles will not be supported here. In contrast, this paper will try to show that adaptationist explanations have their cognitive values broadened when linked to approaches which are based on evolutionary mechanisms other than natural selection, as well as well-established knowledge. Its heuristic power is expanded and will allow us to really understand and analyze many of the problems of evolution together with the formulation of the right questions concerning the biological phenomena., O tema deste artigo está vinculado à s discussões em torno do poder explicativo do programa adaptacionista que tem seu principal fundamento no processo de seleção natural. Os temas aqui apresentados e discutidos serão direcionados metodologicamente para apresentar, ao final, um arcabouço conceitual a partir do qual o adaptacionismo possa ser situado dentro do amplo debate acerca da evolução e, também, reconhecido como um programa de pesquisa que contribui com a biologia evolutiva, oferecendo boas explicações científicas. Entretanto, não será aqui sustentada a tese de que as explicações adaptacionistas são as mais eficazes e de maior credibilidade, dentre as alternativas existentes e que devem ser as mais utilizadas no meio científico. Diferente disso, esse estudo tentará mostrar que as explicações adaptacionistas têm os seus valores cognitivos ampliados quando vinculadas à s abordagens que se fundamentam em mecanismos evolutivos diferentes da seleção natural, bem como a conhecimentos bem estabelecidos. Seu poder heurístico se expande e permite que muitos dos problemas ligados à evolução sejam mais bem entendidos e analisados, com a formulação das perguntas corretas diante dos fenômenos biológicos.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. INGENIERÍA INVERSA Y COGNICIÓN.
- Author
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ECHEVERRI ÁLVAREZ, JONATHAN and CHAVES CASTAÑO, LILIANA
- Abstract
Copyright of Ideas y Valores is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
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- View/download PDF
4. ¿Para qué sirve un ballestrinque? Reflexiones sobre el funcionamiento de artefactos y organismos en un mundo sin funciones.
- Author
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Balari, Sergio and Lorenzo, Guillermo
- Subjects
- *
FUNCTIONALISM in design , *TELEOLOGY , *FUNCTIONALISM (Social sciences) , *BIOLOGICAL adaptation , *FORMAL sociology , *PHILOSOPHY of language , *FUNCTION (Biology) , *ANTIQUITIES - Abstract
This article defends an eliminativist stance concerning the functions of artificial and natural designs. An illustrative sample of each type of object, both sharing an evident functional unspecificity, is discussed. The conclusion is reached that the only thing that matters when trying to understand how objects interact with their natural or technological environments are the formal properties they possess. The article also contends that such an eliminativist position does not prevent us from answering certain questions which are considered hard to solve in a 'world without functions'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
5. Os fundamentos cognitivo-evolutivos das crenças e comportamentos religiosos: a religião como uma 'máquina de Rube Goldberg cultural'
- Author
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Silva, Thales Moreira Maia, Noé, Sidnei Vilmar, Simanke, Richard Theisen, and Maraldi, Everton de Oliveira
- Subjects
Subproduto ,Religion ,Cognition ,Adaptationism ,Evolução cultural ,Selectionism ,By-product ,Cultural evolution ,CIENCIAS HUMANAS::TEOLOGIA [CNPQ] ,Selecionismo ,Adaptacionismo ,Religião ,Cognição - Abstract
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior A literatura neodarwiniana a respeito da evolução da religião foi, recentemente, dividida por um debate fundamental entre teorias adaptacionistas (que buscam explicar os comportamentos religiosos como produtos de pressões seletivas atuando em prol das religiões, devido ao seu papel na promoção da cooperação) e teorias não-adaptacionistas (que explicam as crenças religiosas como subprodutos adaptativos ou produtos de mecanismos cognitivos cujo valor adaptativo é baseado em outras funções não-religiosas). No entanto, ambas essas perspectivas podem ser consideradas não apenas como consistentes, mas, também, como partes complementares de uma grande teoria unificada. Como forma de ilustrar tal alegação e explicar como essas descrições teóricas estariam positivamente relacionadas (para além da mera consistência), um modelo do fenótipo religioso, que foi oferecido independentemente por autores de ambos os lados do debate “adaptação vs. subproduto”, será inferido a partir da literatura especializada existente. Sob tal perspectiva, o fenótipo religioso seria mais adequadamente concebido como um sistema complexo de traços exaptados, ou seja, um conjunto estruturado por pressões seletivas (culturais) atuando em prol das religiões, mas cujas partes constituintes teriam sido “projetadas” pela seleção natural para servir a funções nãoreligiosas. Isto posto, a aplicação deste modelo a uma nova e influente teoria da evolução das religiões, baseada na seleção cultural, torna possível responder a algumas questões básicas, oriundas dos pressupostos necessários para a unificação dessas, supostamente conflitantes, descrições teóricas, além de permitir explicar como, de um ponto de vista lógico, sua integração poderia, de fato, ser alcançada. Em síntese, conclui-se que as suposições compartilhadas incorporadas na perspectiva exaptacionista do fenótipo religioso já são suficientes para conciliar as descrições adaptacionistas e de subproduto, avançando para além de tal debate, em direção a uma futura teoria abrangente e unificada da evolução biocultural da religião. The neo-Darwinian literature on the evolution of religion has been recently divided by a fundamental debate between adaptation theories – which explain religious behaviors as products of selection for religion, because of its role in promoting cooperation – and nonadaptation theories – that explain religious beliefs as adaptive by-products, or products of cognitive systems whose adaptive value is based on other, non-religious functions. However, adaptationist and by-product accounts can be seen as not only consistent, but also as complementary parts of a single, unified theory. In order to illustrate this, and to explain how these theories are positively related – over and above mere consistency – a model of the religious phenotype, that has been offered independently by authors from both sides of the “adaptation vs. by-product” debate, will be extracted from the existing literature. On this view, the religious phenotype is best understood as a complex system composed of exaptated traits, i.e., assembled by (cultural) selection for religion, but using parts designed by selection for other, non-religious functions. Furthermore, by applying this model to an influential new theory of religious evolution based on cultural selection, it becomes possible to answer some basic questions that arise from the assumptions required for unifying these apparently conflicting approaches, and to explain how, from a logical point of view, their integration is actually supposed to work. Finally, it can be concluded that shared assumptions embodied in the exaptationist perspective of the religious phenotype are already sufficient for unifying adaptationist and by-product accounts, and for moving beyond the debate, towards a single, unified theory of the biocultural evolution of religion.
- Published
- 2019
6. REVERSE ENGINEERING AND COGNITION PANGLOSSIAN MEMORIES?
- Author
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Liliana Chaves Castaño and Jonathan Echeverri Álvarez
- Subjects
adaptacionismo ,reverse engineering ,adaptationism ,evolutionism ,engenharia inversa ,lcsh:Philosophy (General) ,D. Dennett ,evolucionismo ,lcsh:B ,lcsh:Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,lcsh:B1-5802 ,ingeniería inversa - Abstract
Daniel C. Dennett ha dedicado una parte considerable de su obra a concebir una aplicación de la ingeniería inversa y el adaptacionismo para explicar la evolución de la mente humana. Dennet considera esta perspectiva como una posibilidad prometedora en el desarrollo de una psicología científica, en contraposición al "materialismo eliminacionista" de la neurociencia. En este artículo se expone una aproximación conceptual y se examina un antecedente filosófico en las discusiones sobre el adaptacionismo en biología y psicología evolutiva: la intencionalidad o teoría de los sistemas intencionales. Daniel C. Dennett has dedicated a great part of his work to the conception of an application of reverse engineering and adaptationism in order to explain the evolution of the human mind. Dennett sees this perspective as a promising possibility in the development of a scientific psychology, in contrast to the "eliminative materialism" of neuroscience. The article provides a conceptual approach and examines a philosophical precedent in the discussions regarding adaptationism in biology and evolutionary psychology: intentionality or the theory of intentional systems. Daniel C. Dennett dedicou uma parte considerável de sua obra a conceber uma aplicação da engenharia inversa e do adaptacionismo para explicar a evolução da mente humana. Dennett considera essa perspectiva como uma possibilidade prometedora no desenvolvimento de uma psicologia científica, em contraposição ao "materialismo eliminacionista" da neurociência. Neste artigo, expõe-se uma aproximação conceitual e examina-se um antecedente filosófico nas discussões sobre o adaptacionismo em biologia e psicologia evolutiva: a intencionalidade ou teoria dos sistemas intencionais.
- Published
- 2014
7. La consolidación del programa adaptacionista
- Author
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Caponi, Gustavo
- Subjects
Programa adaptacionista ,Lack ,Adaptationism ,Poulton ,Ford ,Adaptacionismo ,Adaptationist program - Abstract
Eso que hoy llamamos programa adaptacionista no jugó un papel relevante, ni en la biología evolucionaria del siglo xix, ni tampoco en aquella que se desarrolló durante las cuatro primeras décadas del siglo xx. Allí, sólo los estudios sobre las coloraciones animales, fundamentalmente de insectos, estaban orientados por una agenda adaptacionista. Fue durante el periodo que va de 1940 a 1970, con los desarrollos de la genética ecológica de poblaciones y de la ecología evolucionaria, que ese programa cobró perfiles nítidos y realmente se consolidó. What we call today the adaptationist program did not play a prominent role in the Evolutionary Biology developed in the xixth century, and during the first four decades of the xxth century. Until 1940, only studies on animal colorations, fundamentally of insects, were oriented by an adaptationist agenda. During the period 1940-1970, with the developments of ecological genetics of populations and evolutionary ecology this program gained clearer profiles and became consolidated.
- Published
- 2011
8. Las raíces del programa adaptacionista
- Author
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Caponi, Gustavo
- Subjects
Adaptationism ,Semper ,Adaptacionismo ,Programa Adaptacionista ,Wallace ,Adaptationist program ,Darwin - Abstract
Reconociendo el papel secundario que el programa adaptacionista jugó en los inicios de la biología evolucionaria, y después de examinar la relación existente entre la problemática adaptacionista y la teoría de la selección natural, en este trabajo doy algunas indicaciones sobre cómo se fueron delineando los perfiles de dicho programa y también intento identificar las razones que hicieron que él sólo se consolidase en el siglo xx; es decir, mucho después de la consolidación de ese programa filogenético que, fundado en la idea de filiación común y no en la aceptación de la idea de selección natural, efectivamente guió los primeros estudios evolucionistas. Recognizing that the adaptationist program played a secondary role in the beginnings of evolutionary Biology, I examine the proper relationship between the adaptationist problematic and the theory of natural selection. Then, I offer reflections on how the profiles of the adaptationist program were delineated, and attempt to identify the reasons why it only became consolidated in the twenty century much later than the phylogenetic program that, based on the idea of common descent and not on the acceptance of the idea of natural selection, effectively guided the first evolutionary studies.
- Published
- 2011
9. Gould y Lewontin contra el programa adaptacionista: elucidación de críticas
- Author
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Ginnobili, Santiago and Blanco, Daniel
- Subjects
Elucidación ,Adaptationism ,Selección natural ,Natural selection ,Teoría de la evolución ,Adaptación ,Adaptacionismo ,Theory of evolution ,Adaptation ,Elucidation - Abstract
En su artículo clásico, Gould y Lewontin (1979) han esgrimido críticas no siempre claras - contra el así llamado "programa adaptacionista". Puesto que una "adaptación" en uno de los sentidos más utilizados del vocablo - refiere a un rasgo cuya fijación en una población se explica por selección natural, el encuentro de adaptaciones ha sido considerado una heurística que guía a los biólogos en la aplicación de la teoría de la evolución por selección natural, procurando extender el campo de aplicación de la teoría a priori, y sin restricción alguna, al mejor estilo kuhneano. Este trabajo procura elucidar, breve, pero integralmente, las críticas contenidas en el artículo aludido, donde se reconocen objeciones de diversa índole, a saber: empíricas, metodológicas, conceptuales, y pragmáticas, aunque con solapamientos. Se evalúa el filo de algunas de ellas, y se estipula la utilidad potencial que elucidaciones conceptuales como las que se ofrecen aquí pueden tener para con la filosofía de la biología. In their classic paper, Gould and Lewontin (1979) have put forward critical arguments not in all the cases clearly expounded - against the so called "adaptationist program". Since an "adaptation" in one of the most used senses of the term - refers to a feature whose fixation in a population is explained by natural selection, finding adaptations has been considered an heuristic that leads biologists in the application of the theory of evolution by natural selection, intending (a priori, without any restriction and in a kuhnean manner) to extend the application field of the theory. This work expects, briefly, but completely, to elucidate the critics that appear in the article in question, where different kinds of objections, including empirical, methodological, conceptual and pragmatical ones - though with overlapping -, are recognized. The scope of some of them is analyzed, and the potential usefulness for the philosophy of biology of conceptual explications as the ones offered here is stipulated.
- Published
- 2007
10. Gould y Lewontin contra el programa adaptacionista: elucidación de críticas
- Author
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Daniel Blanco and Santiago Ginnobili
- Subjects
Elucidación ,education.field_of_study ,Natural selection ,Heuristic ,Selección natural ,Field (Bourdieu) ,Philosophy ,Population ,Teoría de la evolución ,Adaptación ,Adaptacionismo ,Term (logic) ,Epistemology ,Philosophy of biology ,Adaptationism ,Animal Science and Zoology ,education ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Scope (computer science) - Abstract
In their classic paper, Gould and Lewontin (1979) have put forward critical arguments not in all the cases clearly expounded - against the so called "adaptationist program". Since an "adaptation" in one of the most used senses of the term - refers to a feature whose fixation in a population is explained by natural selection, finding adaptations has been considered an heuristic that leads biologists in the application of the theory of evolution by natural selection, intending (a priori, without any restriction and in a kuhnean manner) to extend the application field of the theory. This work expects, briefly, but completely, to elucidate the critics that appear in the article in question, where different kinds of objections, including empirical, methodological, conceptual and pragmatical ones - though with overlapping -, are recognized. The scope of some of them is analyzed, and the potential usefulness for the philosophy of biology of conceptual explications as the ones offered here is stipulated.
- Published
- 2007
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