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The setting curve and control method of internal temperature in trains are studied in this paper to achieve energy saving control for air conditioning systems. First, a model of interior temperature that considers the heat transmission from infiltration air is established according to the relationship between the equivalent leakage area for the train body and the pressure difference between the internal and external carriage. Second, the interior temperature setting curve, which changes adaptively with the ambient temperature, is established considering the energy consumption of air conditioning systems and passengers' thermal comfort. Finally, an adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) algorithm is proposed and applied to control the interior temperature according to the periodicity of train operation. In this paper, meteorological data from a typical meteorological year are used for simulation analysis. Simulation results show that the AILC algorithm can effectively track the interior temperature setting value and has a better control effect when the train runs on the same line repeatedly. Under the action of the AILC algorithm, the root-mean-square error is reduced to 0.069 °C in the third iteration. Furthermore, the energy saving for a single carriage in a single process reaches up to 1.534 kW·h, thus achieving energy saving control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]