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Squeeze-film dampers (SFD) are used as indispensable bearings in many rotating machines to suppress lateral vibration and enhance stability. The kinetic energy of the damping fluid is sometimes greater than that of SFD’s journal. Therefore, the influence of the damping fluid must be considered in establishing a dynamic model of a rotor–bearing system. A concept that involves the added mass of the damping fluid is proposed in this work, and the calculation formula is derived based on laminar flow theory and the mean-square speed of the fluid. The unbalance responses of a rotor–bearing system are solved by numerical iteration and with the transfer matrix method. The results calculated with and without added mass are compared. Experimental results indicate that introducing the added mass of the damping fluid into a dynamic model is effective.