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Despite the differences in disease outcomes and pathological features between cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC), the molecular characteristics in immune heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment remain unclear. Here, we explored the immune landscape and heterogeneity between CSCC and ADC. Gene expression and clinical characteristics of cervical carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were downloaded. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), immune cell infiltration, and pathway enrichment analyses were used to explore the immune landscape and heterogeneity between CSCC and ADC. Furthermore, distinct immune signatures between CSCC and ADC were validated based on clinical samples. In total, 4,132 upregulated DEGs and 2,307 down-regulated DEGs were identified between CSCC and ADC, with enrichments in immune related-pathways in CSCC. In addition, 54 hub DEGs correlated with patients' prognosis and immunocytes infiltration were identified. The CSCC patients had a higher ImmuneScore and more abundant immunocytes infiltration compared to ADC patients, as validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multicolor immunofluorescence (mIF) analyses of collected samples. Furthermore, CSCC displayed higher inhibitory immune checkpoints expression, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) compared to ADC, which indicated CSCC patients were more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. In summary, our results revealed the huge immune heterogeneity between CSCC and ADC, and provided guidance for immunotherapy selection for different pathological types of cervical cancer.

Background: In China, reports on the epidemiology of adenocarcinomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are limited., Aim: This study aimed to describe the experience of a single institution in China in treating these malignant tumours., Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses admitted between January 2019 and December 2021. Tumour staging was based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition, for sinonasal malignancies., Results: The series included 10 men and 4 women (mean age, 54.5 [range, 14-80] years). Epistaxis and nasal obstruction were the most common clinical manifestations in 10 (71.4%) patients. Ten (71.4%) had stage T4 disease at diagnosis, but no patient had lymph node or distant metastasis. The posterosuperior septum (100.0%) and middle turbinate (92.8%) were the two sites most vulnerable to tumour invasion. All patients underwent endoscopic resection as the initial treatment; one patient died., Conclusions and Significance: In China, these malignancies are related to exposure to certain substances; however, diagnosis can be delayed. Endoscopic resection is a suitable treatment option for adenocarcinomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Purpose: Low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma (LGNPPA) is a rare nasopharyngeal tumor. This study aimed to analyze the clinical and histopathological features of the disease, and to share our experience of its treatment. Patients and Methods: We collected demographic data, clinical symptoms, tumor location, pathological features, immunohistochemical results, treatments, and outcomes of 28 patients with pathologically confirmed LGNPPA between 2009 and 2019. Results: The median age of the 28 patients was 41.5 years, with a female: male ratio of 1.5:1 (17 females, 11 males). The most common symptom was blood-stained rhinorrhea. The neoplasms were located on the roof of the nasopharynx (RON) in 13 patients, the posterior margin of the nasal septum (PMONP) in 12 patients, the lateral wall of the nasopharynx in one case, and both the RON and PMONP in two patients. Fourteen patients were diagnosed with thyroid-like LGNPPA. Immunohistochemically, the tumors were uniformly positive for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 8, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, and pan-cytokeratin, and negative for thyroglobulin. Twenty-three patients underwent pure endoscopic surgery, three patients underwent preoperative radiotherapy, and two patients underwent radiotherapy postoperatively. All patients were alive without evidence of lymphatic or distant metastases in the follow-up period (range: 7 to 121 months). Two patients (7%, 2/28) experienced disease recurrence. Conclusion: LGNPPA is an indolent tumor with an excellent prognosis. Endonasal endoscopic excision was an effective treatment. It is important to distinguish thyroid-like LGNPPA from metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma because these diseases have similar microscopic features but different prognoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]