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• The asymmetric hydrogel is adjusted and assembled by lignin and cellulose derivatives. • The hydrogel exhibits completely asymmetric adhesion, strength, and electriferous. • The hydrogel-based sensor has excellent skin adaptability and application stability. • The hydrogel can be applied to self-adhesive bioelectrodes and self-powered sensors. Mechanical adaptability, great wearability, application stability, and self-powered sensing characteristics are important requirements for hydrogel-based strain sensors. In this study, a novel double-layer hydrogel was fabricated with asymmetrical adhesion, strength, and electriferous properties. Wherein, the lignosulfonate sodium (LS)-borax mediated bottom hydrogel layer exhibits excellent softness (Young's modulus: ~14.2 kPa) and skin-adhesion (Adhesive strength: ~18.7 kPa) while the quaternary hydroxyethyl cellulose (QHEC) mediated top hydrogel layer demonstrates great mechanical strength (Young's modulus: ~101.3 kPa) and non-adhesive (Adhesive strength: ~2.2 kPa) properties. These complementary asymmetrical adhesion and strength properties endow the hydrogel-based sensor with exceptionally stable sensing performance and adaptive wearability; moreover, the lignocellulosic materials utilization plays a significant role in the designability, antibacterial and biodegradable properties. In addition, the synergy of negative LS (-) and positive QHEC (+) particles enables the double-layer hydrogel great self-powered sensing because of the directional movement of free ions initiated by the external mechanical stimulus. This study presents a hierarchical design idea of wearable electronics, which will have potential applications in many fields from wearable bioelectrodes to self-powered sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]