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Background: Numerous studies associate adipokines with colorectal malignancy, but few data deal with patients suffering exclusively of rectal carcinoma (RC)., Aims: We evaluated leptin and adiponectin levels in RC patients compared to healthy population and their dynamics after surgery., Material and Methods: Serum leptin and adiponectin were evaluated before surgery in 59 RC consecutive patients (38 males and 21 females), and in age and weight matched healthy controls. Measurements were repeated at 24, 72 hours and 7 days after surgery., Results: Adipokine levels were higher in women. Controls had higher leptin (32.±4.34 vs 9.51±1.73 ng/ml in women and 11±2.66 vs 2.54±0.39 ng/ml in men, p = 0.00048 and 0.0032) and lower adiponectin (9±0.64 vs 11.85±1.02 μg/ml in women and 7.39±0.51 vs 8.5±0.62 μg/ml in men, p = 0.017 and 0.019) than RC patients. Surgery caused an increase of leptin from 5.11±0.8 to 18.7±2.42 ng/ml, p = 6.85 x 10¨8, and a decrease of adiponectin from 9.71±0.58 to 7.87±0.47 μg/ml, p = 1.4 x 10¨10 for all RC patients and returned thereafter to the initial range at 7 days. Adipokines were correlated with body weight (BW). The significance of correlation persisted after surgery only in males, but disappeared in females. Adipokines were not modified by tumor position, presurgical chemoradiotherapy or surgical technique. Women with RC experiencing weight loss had higher adiponectin than women without weight modifications (p<0.05 at all time points)., Conclusions: Adipokine levels of patients with RC differ from the healthy population, possibly reflecting an adaptation to disease. Adipokine modifications after surgery may be related to acute surgical stress. Whether leptin and adiponectin directly interact is not clear. Women have higher adipokine levels, more so after significant weight loss, but the strength of their correlation with BW decreases after surgery. These data suggest gender differences in the adipokine profile of RC patients which may find clinical applications., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Purpose: Fat mass (FM) is a source of adipocytokines, with both positive and negative bone consequences. We aimed to investigate the role of body composition and adipokines as predictive factors for bone mass in women., Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 93 women (38 premenopausal and 55 postmenopausal). Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and also of the phosphocalcic markers parathormone and vitamin D were measured., Results: Only lean mass (LM) was an independent predictor of BMD in premenopausal women (r 2  = 0.381, p < 0.001 for femoral neck BMD, r 2  = 0.2, p < 0.01 for whole-body BMD) in both unadjusted and age-adjusted models. The effect of total FM upon BMD became nonsignificant when LM was added to the models assessed. In postmenopausal women, although LM, trunk-to-leg fat ratio, and resistin were initially associated with BMD in unadjusted models, only the trunk-to-leg fat ratio independently predicted BMD at various sites (r 2  = 0.171, p < 0.01 for lumbar BMD, r 2  = 0.078, p < 0.05 for radius BMD, r 2  = 0.094, p < 0.05 for whole-body BMD) after adjusting for age., Conclusions: While in premenopausal women the effect of LM upon bone is prevalent, after menopause, the fat distribution reflected by trunk-to-leg fat ratio is a major determinant of bone mass at different sites. Our study also stresses that the relationship between total FM and BMD is not mediated by adipokines in women irrespective of menopausal status and body composition, but it is largely mediated by LM only in young premenopausal women.

Background. Adipokine secretion is influenced by various disease conditions. Purpose. We wanted to check the impact of rectal carcinoma (RC) on adipokine profile. Patients and methods. We evaluated serum leptin and adiponectin levels in 24 RC patients (12 males and 12 females) as well as in the same number of age, sex and weight-matched healthy controls. Results. Adipokines were oppositely correlated with body weight (BW) in controls and RC patients. Women had higher adipokine levels than men. Healthy controls had higher leptin (37.6.±7.8 vs. 7.9±2.6 ng/mL in women and 11.9±4.6 vs. 1.4±0.34 ng/mL in men, p=0.0016 and 0.043) and lower adiponectin levels (9.3±1.1 vs. 14.9±1.1 µg/mL in women and 7.9±0.9 vs. 11.1±0.9 µg/mL in men, p=0.012 and 0.017) than RC patients. Conclusion. Adipokine profiles of patients with RC differ from the healthy population, possibly reflecting an adaptation to the disease rather than a triggering factor. These differences may find clinical applications for the prognosis of disease evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]