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Max Weber came to see his "rational bureaucracy" as also something of an "iron cage." The reliance on regularized paperwork can result in a separation of the administrative procedure from actual substance, and the level-by-level transmission of documents can result in the resolution of problems on paper only. The complex specialized and standardized procedures of the formal, hierarchical bureaucracy are therefore often ineffective because they have lost touch with reality. In China, the problem of the "involution" of public power found by central inspection teams 中央巡视组 during the course of their inspections is in essence the "formalist" 形式主义 response of bureaucracy when supervised and reviewed. Weber believed that the iron cage of bureaucracy, or the irrationality of rationality, needs an outside "charismatic" authority to check and counterbalance it. The practice of the central inspection teams, however, shows how bureaucratic organizations only further intensify formalism to preserve themselves in the face of such outside authority. That is to say, if the charismatic authority does not break through the trap of bureaucratized patterns of thought and behavior, the iron cage will only be further strengthened and perpetuated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To increase the supply of electricity and reduce environmental pollution, China has made an effort to boost the renewable energy. As a renewable energy, wind energy has been maintaining a rapid growth over the last ten years. China has the largest construction market for wind power in the world, so it attracts many local and foreign investors. However, because of the lack of a full understanding of China''s complicated administrative procedure for wind power projects, many foreign investors have encountered difficulties when trying to enter the Chinese wind power market. According to the relevant laws, regulations, policies and project practices, this paper puts forward a main management procedure model for Chinese wind power projects as well as four subdivided process models, including the Project Approval Process, the Land Application Process, the Design Process and the Licensing and Construction Process. And then the administrative requirements, milestones and main points of works are identified and analyzed within the framework of the four processes. The results open a window through which both the local and foreign investors can perceive a panoramic procedure for wind power project construction in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, I shall essentially lay our five interpretive principles that the Hong Kong judiciary should observe. First. the Hong Kong judiciary can disable themselves from giving effect to National People's Congress (NPC) Acts that are inconsistent with the Basic Law. Second, the Court of Final Appeal has a duty to make a reference to the NPC's Standing Committee (NPCSC) when it needs to adjudicate over two conflicting Basic Law provisions, one whose affairs fall within the Central Government's concerns and the other which falls within the limits of Hong Kong's autonomy. Third, in reading the text of the NPCSC Interpretation narrowly while observing its central tenor, the Court would be respecting the plenary interpretive mandate conferred on the NPCSC while retaining its role as the primary interpreter of the Basic Law. Fourth, so far as a Mainland National Law has been formally incorporated into the Basic Law, it cannot be deemed in violation of another constitutional clause. Finally, I would argue that not all constitutional affairs falling within the limits of Hong Kong's autonomy are automatically justiciable; where there is a textual commitment to a coordinate branch of government, the Court may only interfere with the decisions made by the political branches on traditional grounds of judicial review, i.e. illegality, irrationality or procedural impropriety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]