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This study was purposed to investigate the clinical value of HLA matching(low and high resolution) and its effect on outcome of the patients received umbilical cord blood transplantation(UCBT). Sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (SSOP) , sequence-based typing (SBT) and sequence-specific primers(SSP) were used to perform high resolution HLA matching for HLA-A, -B, -Cw, -DRB1, -DQB1 and low resolution for HLA-A, B, DRB1 among 34 patients with hematologic malignancies who received unrelated UCB transplantation and grafts. The effects of HLA matching (low or high resolution ) on leading engraftment, hematopoietic reconstitution, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and infection after UCB transplantation were analyzed by comparison. The results showed that the median of total nucleated cells (TNC) of transplanted cord blood was 6.0×10(7)/kg, The time of neutrophil recovery was significantly shortened when more than 5×10(7)/kg TNC were transplanted (P0.05). The HLA-(6-10)/10 group of high resolution HLA matching was better than the HLA (4-5)/10 group in the respect of leading engraftment, the time of platelet recovery and the rate of acute GVHD (P0.05). In contrast, HLA-I+II locus, HLA-DRB1 or HLA-DQB1 locus mismatch could prolong the platelet engraftment time (P0.05). There was statistical difference in the time of platelet recovery, the rate of acute GVHD between the HLA (5-6)/6 group of low resolution HLA matching and the HLA (3-4)/6 group after UCB transplantation (P0.05), but the mismatch locus of HLA with low resolution did not correlate with the time of platelet recovery (P0.05). It is concluded that the high resolution HLA matching between patients received unrelated UCB transplantation and grafts may contribute to select the better UCB, that has important clinical value to promote hematopoietic reconstitution and to reduce the complications after UCB transplantation.

To explore the influence of the killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor (KIR) gene polymorphism on cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and pathogenesis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).The KIR genotype was determined by sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) in 138 pairs of donors and recipients before HSCT during October, 2005 and May, 2011. Posttransplant monitoring for CMVpp65 antigen was performed by indirect immune histochemically assays since week 2 after transplantation. The differences between CMV positive group and negative group, inhibitive and active KIR of donors and recipients, and KIR haplotype frequency of donors and recipients were analyzed.There were no significant differences in frequency of KIR gene and haplotype AA, AB, BB between the donors and recipients. The frequencies of 2DS2 and 2DS4 * 003-007 of donors in CMV positive group were obviously lower than those in CMV negative group with significant differences (8% vs 16% , P = 0.0420; 3% vs 13%, P = 0.0050). There was no significant difference in KIR gene between CMV positive group and CMV negative group. The CMV infection rates of haplotype AA, BB, AB donors were 64.38%, 36.84% and 50.00%, while CMV infection rates of haplotype AA, BB, AB recipients were 53.73%, 46.15% and 51.72%, respectively. The CMV infection rate was higher in the patients received KIR haplotype AA donor than in those received KIR haplotype BB donor (36.84% vs 64.38%, P = 0.0299). 2DS4 x 003-007 and haplotype BB of donor were found associated with CMV infection in multifactor analysis.KIR genotypes of donors are associated with CMV infection after HSCT.

To study the biological function of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and the role of donor inhibitory KIR and recipient genetic background in HLA matched unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).HLA genotype of 51 patients (ALL 18 cases, CML 15 cases, AML 10 cases and others 8 cases) and their respective matched unrelated donors from Database of China Marrow Registration was determined by polymerase chain reaction sequence oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). The KIR genotype was determined by PCR-SSP.All the patients and the donors expressed KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2/L3, KIR2DL4, KIR3DL2 and KIR3DL3. 96.7% individuals expressed KIR3DL1. Among them, 21.57% of KIR was completely identical, while 78.43% was not. Of the non-identical KIRs, 25.49% were the recipient's KIR genotype containing the donor's ones, and 27.45% was the donor's containing the recipient's. 74.62% of donor's KIR2DL1 lacked recipient's C2 ligand, 5.91% of donor's KIR2DL2/L3 lacked recipient's C1 ligand, 19.74% of donor's KIR3DL1 lacked recipient's Bw4 ligand and 54.91% of donor's KIR3DL2 lacked recipient's A3, A11 ligand.KIR genotype and HLA class I antigen are inherited independently. KIR2DLI and KIR3DL2 of donors may cause alloreactivity of NK cell. The mismatch of KIR/HLA in donor-recipient plays a very important role in matched unrelated allo-HSCT. The outcome of HSCT can be better predicted by the model of the presence of KIRs on the donor' sNK cells and the absence of corresponding KIR ligand in the recipient's HLA.

To investigate the expression of AML1/ETO9a isoform in the acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-M2 patients.Expressions of AML1/ETO fusion gene and AML1/ETO9a isoform were detected by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in leukemia patients, MDS patients, leukemia cell lines and healthy subjects. Karyotype was studied by R-banding technique.In 30 newly diagnosed AML-M2 patients 15 were found to express AML1/ETO9a isoform, while the rest including 20 AML-M2CR, 18 other subtypes of AML, 5 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 3 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), 3 leukemia cell lines (NB4, KG-1, K562) and 5 healthy subjects were AML1/ETO9a negative. Among the 15 AML/ETO9a isoform expressing cases, 13 were demonstrated t(8;21) translocation and AML1/ETO expression.Isoform AML1/ETO9a was correlated to AML/M2, and it may promote the development of leukemia in combination with the AML1/ETO fusion gene.