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1. Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in select countries – volume 3

Author

V. Liakina, S. Hamid, J. Tanaka, S. Olafsson, A. I. Sharara, S. M. Alavian, L. Gheorghe, E. S. El Hassan, F. Abaalkhail, Z. Abbas, A. Abdou, A. Abourached, F. Al Braiki, F. Al Hosani, K. Al Jaberi, M. Al Khatry, M. A. Al Mulla, H. Al Quraishi, A. Al Rifai, Y. Al Serkal, A. Alam, H. I. Alashgar, S. Alawadhi, L. Al-Dabal, P. Aldins, F. Z. Alfaleh, A. S. Alghamdi, R. Al-Hakeem, A. A. Aljumah, A. Almessabi, A. N. Alqutub, K. A. Alswat, I. Altraif, M. Alzaabi, N. Andrea, A. M. Assiri, M. A. Babatin, A. Baqir, M. T. Barakat, O. M. Bergmann, A. R. Bizri, S. Blach, A. Chaudhry, M. S. Choi, T. Diab, S. Djauzi, S. El Khoury, C. Estes, S. Fakhry, J. I. Farooqi, H. Fridjonsdottir, R. A. Gani, A. Ghafoor Khan, A. Goldis, M. Gottfredsson, S. Gregorcic, B. Hajarizadeh, K. H. Han, I. Hasan, A. Hashim, G. Horvath, B. Hunyady, R. Husni, W. Jafri, A. Jeruma, J.G. Jonasson, B. Karlsdottir, D. Y. Kim, Y. S. Kim, Z. Koutoubi, L. A. Lesmana, Y. S. Lim, A. Löve, M. Maimets, M. Makara, R. Malekzadeh, M. Matičič, M. S. Memon, S. Merat, J. E. Mokhbat, F. H. Mourad, D. H. Muljono, A. Nawaz, N. Nugrahini, S. Priohutomo, H. Qureshi, P. Rassam, H. Razavi, D. Razavi-Shearer, K. Razavi-Shearer, B. Rozentale, M. Sadik, K. Saeed, A. Salamat, R. Salupere, F. M. Sanai, A. Sanityoso Sulaiman, R. A. Sayegh, J. D. Schmelzer, A. Sibley, M. Siddiq, A. M. Siddiqui, G. Sigmundsdottir, B. Sigurdardottir, D. Speiciene, A. Sulaiman, M. A. Sultan, M. Taha, H. Tarifi, G. Tayyab, I. Tolmane, M. Ud din, M. Umar, J. Valantinas, J. Videčnik-Zorman, C. Yaghi, E. Yunihastuti, M. A. Yusuf, B. F. Zuberi, and J. Gunter

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Genotype, Population, Hepacivirus, Global Health, Antiviral Agents, Young Adult, Virology, Environmental health, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Global health, Humans, Medicine, Infection control, Child, education, Disease burden, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Hepatology, business.industry, Public health, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Liver Transplantation, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Female, business, Viral hepatitis
Abstract

Detailed, country‐specific epidemiological data are needed to characterize the burden of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection around the world. With new treatment options available, policy makers and public health officials must reconsider national strategies for infection control. In this study of 15 countries, published and unpublished data on HCV prevalence, viraemia, genotype, age and gender distribution, liver transplants and diagnosis and treatment rates were gathered from the literature and validated by expert consensus in each country. Viraemic prevalence in this study ranged from 0.2% in Iran and Lebanon to 4.2% in Pakistan. The largest viraemic populations were in Pakistan (7001000 cases) and Indonesia (3187000 cases). Injection drug use (IDU) and a historically unsafe blood supply were major risk factors in most countries. Diagnosis, treatment and liver transplant rates varied widely between countries. However, comparison across countries was difficult as the number of cases changes over time. Access to reliable data on measures such as these is critical for the development of future strategies to manage the disease burden.

Published
2015

2. Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus infection disease burden - volume 3

Author

M. T. Barakat, N. Nugrahini, Andri Sanityoso Sulaiman, S. El Khoury, Béla Hunyady, Y. Al Serkal, Liana Gheorghe, E. S. El Hassan, K. Saeed, M. Siddiq, H. Tarifi, A. Abdou, Homie Razavi, Fadi H. Mourad, Abdul Rahman Bizri, Do Young Kim, Matti Maimets, Devin Razavi-Shearer, S. Gregorcic, Ibrahim Altraif, Chris Estes, A. Salamat, Hamad I. Al-Ashgar, Riina Salupere, Sarah Blach, R. Husni, A. Sibley, F. Al Hosani, P. Aldins, S. Alawadhi, A. Baqir, S. Priohutomo, Mihály Makara, A. Abourached, A. Löve, Ieva Tolmane, Saeed Hamid, B. Karlsdottir, Adrian Goldis, Abdulrahman Aljumah, Samsuridjal Djauzi, Almoutaz Hashim, Laurentius A. Lesmana, Khalid Alswat, Jon G. Jonasson, Danute Speiciene, Young-Suk Lim, Arif Nawaz, M. Taha, R. Al-Hakeem, Abdullah S. Alghamdi, Rino Alvani Gani, Young Seok Kim, Abdullah M. Assiri, J. Videčnik-Zorman, A. Al Rifai, A. Sanityoso Sulaiman, Muhammad S. Memon, H. Fridjonsdottir, M. A. Al Mulla, Faisal M. Sanai, Faisal Abaalkhail, L. Al-Dabal, R. A. Sayegh, A. M. Siddiqui, Gabor Horvath, Moon Suk Choi, Cesar Yaghi, M. Sadik, Irsan Hasan, A. Almessabi, S. Fakhry, Zaigham Abbas, Ala I. Sharara, Evy Yunihastuti, Jacques E Mokhbat, David H. Muljono, Jonas Valantinas, Asad Chaudhry, K. Al Jaberi, H. Al Quraishi, B. Sigurdardottir, Altaf Alam, Mohamed A. Babatin, N. Andrea, F. Al Braiki, Kathryn Razavi-Shearer, Reza Malekzadeh, H. Qureshi, G. Sigmundsdottir, Marwa Sultan, Jonathan Schmelzer, Javed Iqbal Farooqi, Mojca Matičič, Junko Tanaka, S. Olafsson, Behzad Hajarizadeh, Shahin Merat, M. Alzaabi, Valentina Liakina, Adel Alqutub, Seyed M Alavian, G. Tayyab, M. Al Khatry, T. Diab, M. Ud Din, Jessie Gunter, Kwang Hyub Han, Faleh Z. Al-Faleh, Bader Faiyaz Zuberi, Wasim Jafri, P. Rassam, Magnus Gottfredsson, Baiba Rozentale, Agita Jeruma, A. Ghafoor Khan, M. Umar, Ottar M. Bergmann, Z. Koutoubi, and M. A. Yusuf

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cure rate, Pediatrics, Asia, Adolescent, Hepatitis C virus, medicine.disease_cause, Antiviral Agents, Infection disease, Middle East, Young Adult, Virology, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Child, Disease burden, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Harm reduction, Models, Statistical, Hepatology, business.industry, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Incidence, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Middle Aged, Treatment efficacy, Drug Utilization, Surgery, Liver Transplantation, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Communicable Disease Control, Female, Birth cohort, business
Abstract

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic was forecasted through 2030 for 15 countries in Europe, the Middle East and Asia, and the relative impact of two scenarios was considered: increased treatment efficacy while holding the annual number of treated patients constant and increased treatment efficacy and an increased annual number of treated patients. Increasing levels of diagnosis and treatment, in combination with improved treatment efficacy, were critical for achieving substantial reductions in disease burden. A 90% reduction in total HCV infections within 15 years is feasible in most countries studied, but it required a coordinated effort to introduce harm reduction programmes to reduce new infections, screening to identify those already infected and treatment with high cure rate therapies. This suggests that increased capacity for screening and treatment will be critical in many countries. Birth cohort screening is a helpful tool for maximizing resources. Among European countries, the majority of patients were born between 1940 and 1985. A wider range of birth cohorts was seen in the Middle East and Asia (between 1925 and 1995).

Published
2015

3. The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus infections with today's treatment paradigm - volume 3

Author

A. Sibley, K. H. Han, A. Abourached, L. A. Lesmana, M. Makara, W. Jafri, R. Salupere, A. M. Assiri, A. Goldis, F. Abaalkhail, Z. Abbas, A. Abdou, F. Al Braiki, F. Al Hosani, K. Al Jaberi, M. Al Khatry, M. A. Al Mulla, H. Al Quraishi, A. Al Rifai, Y. Al Serkal, A. Alam, S. M. Alavian, H. I. Alashgar, S. Alawadhi, L. Al-Dabal, P. Aldins, F. Z. Alfaleh, A. S. Alghamdi, R. Al-Hakeem, A. A. Aljumah, A. Almessabi, A. N. Alqutub, K. A. Alswat, I. Altraif, M. Alzaabi, N. Andrea, M. A. Babatin, A. Baqir, M. T. Barakat, O. M. Bergmann, A. R. Bizri, S. Blach, A. Chaudhry, M. S. Choi, T. Diab, S. Djauzi, E. S. El Hassan, S. El Khoury, C. Estes, S. Fakhry, J. I. Farooqi, H. Fridjonsdottir, R. A. Gani, A. Ghafoor Khan, L. Gheorghe, M. Gottfredsson, S. Gregorcic, J. Gunter, B. Hajarizadeh, S. Hamid, I. Hasan, A. Hashim, G. Horvath, B. Hunyady, R. Husni, A. Jeruma, J. G. Jonasson, B. Karlsdottir, D. Y. Kim, Y. S. Kim, Z. Koutoubi, V. Liakina, Y. S. Lim, A. Löve, M. Maimets, R. Malekzadeh, M. Matičič, M. S. Memon, S. Merat, J. E. Mokhbat, F. H. Mourad, D. H. Muljono, A. Nawaz, N. Nugrahini, S. Olafsson, S. Priohutomo, H. Qureshi, P. Rassam, H. Razavi, D. Razavi-Shearer, K. Razavi-Shearer, B. Rozentale, M. Sadik, K. Saeed, A. Salamat, F. M. Sanai, A. Sanityoso Sulaiman, R. A. Sayegh, A. I. Sharara, M. Siddiq, A. M. Siddiqui, G. Sigmundsdottir, B. Sigurdardottir, D. Speiciene, A. Sulaiman, M. A. Sultan, M. Taha, J. Tanaka, H. Tarifi, G. Tayyab, I. Tolmane, M. Ud din, M. Umar, J. Valantinas, J. Videčnik-Zorman, C. Yaghi, E. Yunihastuti, M. A. Yusuf, B. F. Zuberi, and J. D. Schmelzer

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Models, Statistical, Hepatology, Adolescent, Incidence, Hepacivirus, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Middle Aged, Global Health, Survival Analysis, Young Adult, Infectious Diseases, Cost of Illness, Virology, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Viremia, Aged
Abstract

The total number, morbidity and mortality attributed to viraemic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections change over time making it difficult to compare reported estimates from different years. Models were developed for 15 countries to quantify and characterize the viraemic population and forecast the changes in the infected population and the corresponding disease burden from 2014 to 2030. With the exception of Iceland, Iran, Latvia and Pakistan, the total number of viraemic HCV infections is expected to decline from 2014 to 2030, but the associated morbidity and mortality are expected to increase in all countries except for Japan and South Korea. In the latter two countries, mortality due to an ageing population will drive down prevalence, morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, both countries have already experienced a rapid increase in HCV‐related mortality and morbidity. HCV‐related morbidity and mortality are projected to increase between 2014 and 2030 in all other countries as result of an ageing HCV‐infected population. Thus, although the total number of HCV countries is expected to decline in most countries studied, the associated disease burden is expected to increase. The current treatment paradigm is inadequate if large reductions in HCV‐related morbidity and mortality are to be achieved.

Published
2015

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