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The powder of treated watermelon seeds (WST), obtained through hexane extraction, has proven to be a promising adsorbent for the environmentally friendly and cost-effective removal of Basic Yellow 28 (BY28) using adsorption techniques. By optimizing conditions through Central Composite Design (CCD), focusing on key factors such as temperature, adsorbent weight, and dye concentration, we aimed to enhance the efficiency of the adsorption process. Our study assessed the accuracy of the model and regression coefficients through analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed a strong agreement between the predicted values derived from the model and the experimental values for BY28, with a coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.92, indicating a high level of reliability and effectiveness of the developed model in predicting the adsorption behavior of BY28 on WST. Under optimal conditions, including a temperature of 35°C, an adsorbent weight of 2.45 g/L, and a dye concentration of 50 mg/L, the adsorption process demonstrated exceptional efficiency. This study highlights the remarkable potential of treated watermelon seeds for the removal of organic pollutants, emphasizing the importance of using sustainable and readily available agricultural materials for environmental remediation, thus contributing to both environmental conservation and cost-effectiveness in wastewater treatment processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption of textile dyes such as Direct Red 75 and Direct Red 80 onto calcined bone was studied for their removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of Direct Red 75 and Direct Red 80 occurred by studying the effects of adsorbent amount, dye concentration, contact time, pH media and temperature. The adsorption rate data were analyzed using the intraparticle diffusion model, pseudo first order and the pseudo second order kinetic models to determine adsorption rate constants. The isotherms of adsorption data were analyzed by various adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin. All results found concluded that calcined bone could be effectively employed as an effective new low cost adsorbent for the removal of textile dyes from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]